OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of different concentrations of nylestriol (NYL) and levonorgestrel (LNG) on the expression of ERα and ERβ in human osteoscarcoma MG-63 cell lines, and to explore the impact of paracrine effect on the gene expression. METHODS: MG-63 cells were treated with 3 concentrations (10(-10),10(-8), and 10(-6) mol/L) of NYL or LNG. The untreated control group and the positive control group were also established. The 2 groups treated with NYL (10(-10) mol/L) or LNG (10(-8) mol/L) were designed to renew the medium every 12 h. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR was conducted to detect the mRNA expression of ERα and ERβ on the MG-63 cells treated with different concentrations of the 2 drugs, respectively. RESULTS: Both drugs up-regulated ERα and ERβ mRNA expression. The best concentration for both NYL and LNG was 10(-6) mol/L for ERα expression. As for ERβ, the best concentration of NYL and LNG was 10(-10) mol/L and 10(-8) mol/L. The role of medium replacement on the expression of ERα was not observed, but medium replacement inhibited ERβ expression. CONCLUSION Both NYL and LNG can up-regulate the mRNA expression of ER subtypes in MG-63 cells, with mutual restriction between the 2 subtypes. The paracrine effect on MG-63 cell lines may be involved in the regulation process of mRNA expression of ERβ.
Cell Line, Tumor ; Estrogen Receptor alpha ; genetics ; metabolism ; Estrogen Receptor beta ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; Levonorgestrel ; pharmacology ; Osteosarcoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Quinestrol ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism

AIMTo investigate the influence of CCE3 on bone mineral element metabolism and relative hormone in ovariectomized rats.

METHODS24 female SD rats were divided randomly into 4 groups (n = 6): (1) Normal control; (2) sham ovariectomy; (3) ovariectomy(OVX); (4) OVX + CCE3.

RESULTS(1) Ca, Mg, S, Co, Mn, Zn reduced obviously and P increased in the bone of the OVX rats. (2) E2, P, TSH, T4, CT, cortisol, GH reduced obviously and IL-6, FSH, LH increased obviously in serum of the OVX rats. (3) CCE3 corrected the changes of Ca, Mg, S, Co, Mn, Zn and P in bone as well as the changes of E2, P, TSH, T4, CT, cortisol, GH and IL-6, FSH, LH in serum of the OVX rats.

CONCLUSIONChanges of relative hormone and IL-6 induced by CCE3 are the important mechanism of the influence of CCE3 on bone mineral element metabolism in ovariectomized rats.

Animals ; Bone Density ; drug effects ; Estriol ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone ; blood ; Interleukin-6 ; blood ; Luteinizing Hormone ; blood ; Osteoporosis ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; prevention & control ; Ovariectomy ; Quinestrol ; analogs & derivatives ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo study the protective effect of purariae isoflavone on apoptosis cells of atrophic nasal mucosas in ovariectomized rats.

METHOD60 rats were divided into four groups as control, ovariectomized, ovariectomized + nylestriol (O + N) and ovariectomized + purariae isoflavone (O + P), each with 15 rats. Earlier apotosis cells of mucosas taken from nasal septum were measured with flow cytometry.

RESULTCompared with control group, and the number of apoptosis cells of mucosas increased after being ovariectomized,and the number of apoptosis cells of mucosas in O + N and O + D group didn't change.

CONCLUSIONNylestriol and purariae isoflavone might have effects on protecting cells of mucosas from lacking of estrogen by decreasing apoptosis cells in ovariectomized rats.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Epithelial Cells ; pathology ; Estradiol Congeners ; pharmacology ; Female ; Isoflavones ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Nasal Mucosa ; pathology ; Ovariectomy ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Protective Agents ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Pueraria ; chemistry ; Quinestrol ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo study effects of soy extract on lipid metabolims in ovariectomized rats.

METHOD90 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 9 groups: control group, sham group, model group, estrogen group, soy isoflavone group of high dose, soy isoflavone group of low dose, soy extract of high dose, soy extract of low dose, and soy polysaccharde group, 10 rats in each group. Except fer of control and sham groups, the test rats were ovariectomized. One week after operation, the rats were treated with different drugs. Six weeks after operation, the rats were killed, with serum and liver taken, and serumglycerol(sGT), cholesterol(sGC), LDL, HDL and liver homogenate hGT, hGC, measured.

RESULTThe level of sGC, LDL in ovariectmized rats increased significantly, compared with that in control and sham groups. In liver both the level of hGT and hGC were higher than that in liver from control and sham groups. Administration of estrogen or soy extract or soy isoflavone could attenuate these in ovariectomized rats, but soy polysacchardes did not have any effects.

CONCLUSIONOvariectomized rats have an imbalance of lipid metabolism, the level of hGT and hGC were increased, and administration of estrogen, soy extracts or soy isoflavone could decrease these changes induced by ovariectomizing.

Animals ; Cholesterol ; blood ; metabolism ; Estriol ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Female ; Isoflavones ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Lipoproteins, LDL ; blood ; Liver ; metabolism ; pathology ; Ovariectomy ; Plant Extracts ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Quinestrol ; analogs & derivatives ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Soybeans ; chemistry ; Triglycerides ; blood ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of acupuncture on fracture in the ovariectomized rat and the mechanism.

METHODSSixty SD female rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: normal group (group A), model group (group B), acupuncture group (group C) and Nilestriol group (group D). In all the groups, except the group A which received sham operation, the rats were overiectomized for preparing the osteoporosis model. Three months after the ovariectomy, the left femurs of the rats were closely fractured. Then, the group A and B were treated with oral administration of normal saline solution, 3 mL, weekly. The rats in the group C were treated daily with acupuncture at "Huantiao"(GB 30), "Housanli" (ST 36), "Yanglingquan"(GB 34) and "Weizhong"(BL 40) on the left hind legs; the rats in the group D were given orally Nilestriol solution (0.2 mg/mL) in a dose of 0.6 mL/100 g body weight, weekly. At the 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th days, some rats were sacrificed and their fractural callus and blood samples were taken for histological examinations and immunohistochemical examination of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tyrosine kinase B (TrkB).

RESULTSHE stained callus slides observed by optical microscope showed that the process of fracture healing in the group A, C, D was faster than that in the group B. Positive immuno-stalning of BDNF and TrkB could be seen in the all groups, mainly on the 7 and 14 days after the fracture. The expression levels from high to low in turn were group A, C, D and B.

CONCLUSIONExpressions of BDNF and TrkB in callus of osteoporotic fracture were less than that of the normal fracture; acupuncture can elevate the expression levels and accelerate the process of fracture healing.

Acupuncture Therapy ; methods ; Animals ; Bony Callus ; metabolism ; pathology ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ; biosynthesis ; Estriol ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Fractures, Bone ; etiology ; therapy ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ovariectomy ; adverse effects ; Quinestrol ; analogs & derivatives ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptor, trkB ; metabolism ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of Gengnianchun Recipe (GNC) on bone mineral density (BMD), bone biomechanical parameters and serum lipid level in the bilaterally ovariectomized (OVX) rats and to explore the prophylactic and therapeutic action of GNC on ovariectomy induced osteoporosis and hyperlipidemia.

METHODSOVX SD rats, 10 - 12 months old, were divided into different groups and fed with GNC 2 g/d, GNC 1 g/d and Nilestriol 0.125 mg/week, respectively for 4 months to observe the change of BMD and bone biomechanical parameters of the lumbar vertebrae, and the serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and to compare the effect of the two drugs on the morphology of the uterus.

RESULTSThere was marked reduction in BMD and biomechanical parameters in lumbar vertebrae (P < 0.01) and increase of serum TC and LDL-C levels (P < 0.01) in rats after OVX. GNC or Nilestriol significantly improved the decreased BMD and biomechanical parameters of the lumbar vertebrae (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), and reduced the serum TC and LDL-C levels (P < 0.01). In the Nilestriol group, the wet weight of uterus got increased obviously (P < 0.01), the number of uterine glands increased, uterine columnar epithelium thickened, and the mitotic figures in the epithelial stroma and myointimal cells augmented. But no such effect in wet weight and morphology of uterus was found in the GNC group.

CONCLUSIONGNC could increase the BMD and biomechanical parameters of the lumbar vertebrae, reduce the serum TC and LDL-C levels, yet produce no adverse reaction in stimulating proliferation and hypertrophy of uterus.

Animals ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Bone Density ; drug effects ; Bone and Bones ; drug effects ; Cholesterol ; blood ; Cholesterol, HDL ; blood ; Cholesterol, LDL ; blood ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Estriol ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Female ; Lipids ; blood ; Ovariectomy ; Quinestrol ; analogs & derivatives ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Triglycerides ; blood ; Uterus ; cytology ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo clarify the effects of nylestriol on microarchitecture and interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNA expression in tibial bone in ovariectomized rats.

METHODS30 female rats were randomly allocated into 3 groups: sham, OVX and nylestriol-treated group. Nylestriol-treated group were ovariectomized, then fed with nylestriol for 3 months and the bone mineral density (BMD) was measured in lumbar vertebra by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. After sacrifice of the animal, bone histomorphometric parameters were measured to study the changes in bone microarchitecture, and RT-PCR was performed to detect the expression of IL-6 mRNA in bone tissue.

RESULTSBMD was significantly reduced, while IL-6 mRNA level elevated in the OVX group compared with the sham group. Static histomorphometric data showed that the trabecular bone volume, mean trabecular plate thickness and density were reduced while the mean trabecular plate space elevated remarkably in the OVX group in comparison with that in the sham group. As for dynamic parameters, trabecular osteoid surface, tetracyclin labeled surface and bone turnover rate were increased while osteoid maturation rate decreased significantly in the OVX group compared with the sham group. BMD, IL-6 mRNA expression and bone histomorphometric parameters were improved in nylestriol-treated rats.

CONCLUSIONNylestriol plays an important role in maintaining bone volume and improving bone microarchitecture by markedly inhibiting bone turnover and bone resorption, which might be to some degree attributed to reduced IL-6 expression.

Animals ; Bone Remodeling ; drug effects ; Bone Resorption ; prevention & control ; Estradiol Congeners ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Interleukin-6 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Osteoporosis ; drug therapy ; etiology ; pathology ; Ovariectomy ; Quinestrol ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Tibia ; pathology