Benzethonium chloride is quaternary ammonium compounds, which may cross-react with benzalkonium chloride. It has been used in the treatment of burns, ulcers, wounds, and infected dermatoses and also present in many cosmetics, deodorants, mouthwashes, dentifrices, lozenges, and ophthalmic preparations. Cetostearyl alcohol is used as emulsifiers and can be considered as preservatives. A 19-year-old female presented with well-demarcated adult-fist sized dark-reddish patch on the left shin. She had applied Senepul(R) (disinfectant solution) 3 months ago due to scratching wound and applied Travogen(R). Patch test with Korean standard series and the ingredients of used topical agents showed positive reactions to benzethonium chloride and cetostearyl alcohol.
Benzalkonium Compounds ; Benzethonium* ; Burns ; Dentifrices ; Deodorants ; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact* ; Female ; Humans ; Mouthwashes ; Patch Tests ; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds ; Skin Diseases ; Ulcer ; Wounds and Injuries ; Young Adult

Glycopyrrolate and propantheline, being synthetic quaternary ammonium compounds that cannot cross the blood-brain barrier, will not have the vagal center stimulation. The author administered each small dose of glycopyrrolate and propantenline intravenously to normal human volunteers, and compared its effect on the heart rate. The result were as follows. 1) Glycopyrrolate(0.1mg) produced a slight decrease on the heart rate. 2) Propantheline (0.5mg) produced no detectable change on the heart rate. 3) Glycopyrrolate(0.1mg) 10min. after pretreatment with propantheline(0.5mg) produced a significant increase on the heart rate. 4) Propantheline(0.5mg) 10 minutes after pretreatment with glycopyrrolate(0.1mg) produced more significant increase on the heart rate than glycopyrrolate after propantheline. 5) From the above results, it is suggested that the depressive effect of sympathetic ganglion by propantheline may be less than by glycopyrrolate.
Blood-Brain Barrier ; Ganglia, Sympathetic ; Glycopyrrolate* ; Healthy Volunteers ; Heart Rate* ; Heart* ; Propantheline* ; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds

Although stress fracture of lower extremity is a relatively common, stress fracture of medial malleolus is rare. So we report one case. He is a 17 year old soccer player and successfully treated with surgical treatment (open reduction and internal fixation with one screw.
Animals ; Ankle ; Fractures, Stress ; Lower Extremity ; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds ; Soccer

No abstract available.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Humans ; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds

No abstract available.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Humans ; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds

Ameloblastoma ; Dentigerous Cyst ; Female ; Humans ; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds ; Recurrence

The aim of the present study was to elucidate the direct effects of melatonin on bladder activity and to determine the mechanisms responsible for the detrusor activity of melatonin in the isolated rat bladder. We evaluated the effects of melatonin on the contractions induced by phenylephrine (PE), acetylcholine (ACh), bethanechol (BCh), KCl, and electrical field stimulation (EFS) in 20 detrusor smooth muscle samples from Sprague-Dawley rats. To determine the mechanisms underlying the inhibitory responses to melatonin, melatonin-pretreated muscle strips were exposed to a calcium channel antagonist (verapamil), three potassium channel blockers [tetraethyl ammonium (TEA), 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), and glibenclamide], a direct voltage-dependent calcium channel opener (Bay K 8644), and a specific calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) inhibitor (KN-93). Melatonin pretreatment (10(-8)~10(-6) M) decreased the contractile responses induced by PE (10(-9)~10(-4) M) and Ach (10(-9)~10(-4) M) in a dose-dependent manner. Melatonin (10(-7) M) also blocked contraction induced by high KCl ([KCl]ECF; 35 mM, 70 mM, 105 mM, and 140 mM) and EFS. Melatonin (10(-7) M) potentiated the relaxation response of the strips by verapamil, but other potassium channel blockers did not change melatonin activity. Melatonin pretreatment significantly decreased contractile responses induced by Bay K 8644 (10(-11)~10(-7) M). KN-93 enhanced melatonin-induced relaxation. The present results suggest that melatonin can inhibit bladder smooth muscle contraction through a voltage-dependent, calcium-antagonistic mechanism and through the inhibition of the calmodulin/CaMKII system.
3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester ; 4-Aminopyridine ; Acetylcholine ; Animals ; Benzylamines ; Bethanechol ; Calcium Channels ; Contracts ; Melatonin ; Muscle, Smooth ; Muscles ; Nocturia ; Phenylephrine ; Phosphotransferases ; Potassium Channel Blockers ; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Relaxation ; Sulfonamides ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Bladder, Overactive ; Verapamil

OBJECTIVETo synthesize a novel nano-antibacterial inorganic filler and provide a new way to give dental composite resin antibacterial property.

METHODSQuaternary ammonium iodide N,N,N-trimethyl-3-(trimethoxysilyl) propan-1-aminium iodide were organically synthesized firstly and then the N,N,N-trimethyl-3-(trimethoxysilyl) propan-1-aminium iodide was grafted to the nano-silica particle to synthesize the antihacterial inorganic fillers nano-silica particle grafted with quaternary ammonium salt. All the products were analyzed and identified by infrared spectrum analysis. Then Streptococcus mutans were chosen as experimental object to analysis the antibacterial property of nanoantibacterial inorganic filler.

RESULTSQuaternary ammonium salt was grafted to the surface of nano-silica particles successfully by infrared spectrum analysis. Compared with the control group, the nano-silica particle grafted with quaternary ammonium salt had a strong bactericidal effect on Streptococcus mutons (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe nano-silica particle grafted with quaternary ammonium salt has a strong antibacterial property and could be used to improve dental composite resin antibacterial property.

The mechanism of the positive inotropic responses to quaternary ammonium compounds (tetraethylam-monium, tetra-n-propylammouium, trimethylethylamm-onium trimethyl-n-butylammonium, trimethyl-n-penty-lammonium, trimethyl-n-hexylammonium, trimethyI-phenylammonium, trimethylbenzylammonium, triethyl-phenylammonium and m-hydroxyphenyltrimethylam-monium) was examined on the atropinized papillarymuscle of cats. After pretreatment with dichloro-isoproterenol, all the quaternary ammonium compounds failed to produce their usual positive inotropic activities. Bretylium or TM-10, which specifically interferes with the release and/or synthesis of adrenergic mediators, rendered papillary muscle unresponsive to quaternary ammonium compounds but responsive to norepinephrine. Quaternary ammonium compounds also failed to produce their positive inotropic activity on papillary muscle whose catecholamines were a1most completely dep1eted by treatment with reserpine. Surgical removal of the sympathetic innervation to the heart resulted in a marked reduction of myocardial catecholamines. The positive inotropic responses to quaternary ammonium compounds were markedly suppressed in papillary muscle obtained from bilaterally-sympathectomized cats with degenerated postganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers to the heart. From the above results, it appears that quaternary ammonium compounds act at a common site to effect positive inotropic activities which are mediated via a catecholamine-release mechanism.
Animals ; Catecholamines ; Cats ; Heart ; Nerve Fibers ; Norepinephrine ; Papillary Muscles ; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds* ; Reserpine

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to review the results of two surgical methods of simple decompression for treatment of cubital tunnel syndrome. METHODS: Surgical procedure of simple decompression of the ulnar nerve using the conventional method requires a relatively long incision of 6-8 cm. Later with accumulating experience, we performed simple decompression using a skin incision of 2 cm or less. Between November 2005 and July 2010, simple decompression using the conventional method was performed in 10 elbows (Group 1), and simple decompression using the small skin incision method was performed in 10 elbows (Group 2). The surgical outcome was evaluated and the two groups were compared using a modified Bishop scoring system. We also compared the operation time and hospital stay between the two groups. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the outcomes between the two groups using the modified Bishop scoring system (p>0.05). Also, there were no significant differences in the postoperative electrodiagnostic study results between the two groups (p>0.05). However, the operation time and hospital stay were significantly shorter in Group 2 (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: Both the methods can be recommended for the treatment of cubital tunnel syndrome due to their advantages including simplicity and safety of the method. However, the small skin incision method is superior to the conventional method due to the shorter operation time and hospital stay.
Cubital Tunnel Syndrome ; Decompression ; Elbow ; Length of Stay ; Lipids ; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds ; Skin ; Ulnar Nerve