1.Stress Fracture in Medial Malleolus in Ankle (A Case Report).
Kyung Tai LEE ; Ki Won YOUNG ; Shin Yi PARK ; Young Koo LEE ; Sang Eun NA
Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society 2008;12(2):224-226
Although stress fracture of lower extremity is a relatively common, stress fracture of medial malleolus is rare. So we report one case. He is a 17 year old soccer player and successfully treated with surgical treatment (open reduction and internal fixation with one screw.
Animals
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Ankle
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Fractures, Stress
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Lower Extremity
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Quaternary Ammonium Compounds
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Soccer
5.Study on synthesis on a novel nano-antibacterial inorganic filler and its antibacterial property.
Junling WU ; Chanyuan JIN ; Xiaomeng NIE ; Kaiyun ZHOU ; Chuanjian ZHOU
West China Journal of Stomatology 2012;30(5):526-534
OBJECTIVETo synthesize a novel nano-antibacterial inorganic filler and provide a new way to give dental composite resin antibacterial property.
METHODSQuaternary ammonium iodide N,N,N-trimethyl-3-(trimethoxysilyl) propan-1-aminium iodide were organically synthesized firstly and then the N,N,N-trimethyl-3-(trimethoxysilyl) propan-1-aminium iodide was grafted to the nano-silica particle to synthesize the antihacterial inorganic fillers nano-silica particle grafted with quaternary ammonium salt. All the products were analyzed and identified by infrared spectrum analysis. Then Streptococcus mutans were chosen as experimental object to analysis the antibacterial property of nanoantibacterial inorganic filler.
RESULTSQuaternary ammonium salt was grafted to the surface of nano-silica particles successfully by infrared spectrum analysis. Compared with the control group, the nano-silica particle grafted with quaternary ammonium salt had a strong bactericidal effect on Streptococcus mutons (P < 0.01).
CONCLUSIONThe nano-silica particle grafted with quaternary ammonium salt has a strong antibacterial property and could be used to improve dental composite resin antibacterial property.
Acrylic Resins ; Ammonium Compounds ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Composite Resins ; Polyurethanes ; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds ; Silicon Dioxide ; Streptococcus mutans
6.Quantitation & optimization of guanosine fermentation process: prevention of NH4+ accumulation increases guanosine production by 70%.
Ming-Zhi HUANG ; Xian-Peng CAI ; Shuang-Xi CHEN ; Ju CHU ; Ying-Ping ZHUANG ; Si-Liang ZHANG
Chinese Journal of Biotechnology 2003;19(2):200-205
Metabolic engineering has become a powerful tool for optimization of industrial fermentation processes. Metabolic engineering usually undergoes three steps: construction of a recombinant strain with improved properties, genetic and biochemical analysis of the strain, and identification of target for further improvement. Metabolic fluxes analysis is an important part of the biochemical analysis. Based on the law of mass conservation and assuming pseudo-steady-state for the intermediates in the metabolic pathways, we have quantitatively analyzed the time course of the flux distribution in Bacillus subtilis and used the data to reveal the nature of the so-called "40 hour" phenomenon in fermentation of guanosine, a key raw material for the synthesis of additives for human consumption and animal feeds. The phenomenon refers to the observation that guanosine production, which proceeds at high rate from 12 hour on, declines around 40 hour while consumption of glucose keeps increasing, leading to the lower yield of the nucleoside. Equations based upon the metabolic network of Bacillus subtilis consisted of EMP pathway, HMP pathway, TCA cycle, oxidative phosphorylation pathway and others reactions of the intermediates, was constructed. The equations were solved by using the quantitative data obtained in this study. The air flow and volume, concentration of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the exit-gas were monitored online; the concentration of biomass, glucose and guanosine was analyzed manually; and the concentration of acetate, citric acid, pyruvate, and 17 amino acids were HPLC quantified. The solutions of the equation were proved to be valid, as the experimental data on oxygen consumption agrees with that of predicted form the equation. The results indicated that at 40h of the fermentation process the flux of HMP pathway, which provides the precursor of the nucleoside, decreased while that of EMP pathway and the pathways that generate amino acids and organic acids increased. The shift correlated with the accumulation of NH4+ in the broth. The assimilation of NH4+ is an energy consuming process and could shift the metabolism to the energy generating EMP pathway. Accordingly, measures were taken to prevent the accumulation of NH4+. The interference indeed stopped the metabolism shift and boosted the guanosine production at 30 g/L, 70% higher than the level reported in literature.
Bacillus subtilis
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metabolism
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Fermentation
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physiology
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Guanosine
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metabolism
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Models, Theoretical
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Quaternary Ammonium Compounds
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metabolism
7.A Case of Proliferating Trichilemmal Cyst on the Elbow.
Seon Wook HWANG ; Soon Kwon HONG ; Doo Jin OH ; Deborah LEE ; Jung Wook KIM ; Sung Wook PARK
Korean Journal of Dermatology 2008;46(3):381-383
Proliferating trichilemmal cyst is a rare benign tumor of external root sheath origin that usually occurs on the scalp of elderly women. It is rarely found on the face, neck, trunk and back. A 17 year-old man presented with a skin-colored, subcutaneous, tender nodule on the elbow with a history of bee sting. A histological examination revealed a well demarcated multilobular cystic mass characterized by trichilemmal keratinization in the dermis. The skin lesion was totally excised and recurrence has not been found. We present a case of proliferating trichilemmal cyst of unusual predilection site.
Aged
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Bees
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Bites and Stings
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Dermis
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Elbow
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Female
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Humans
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Keratins
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Neck
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Quaternary Ammonium Compounds
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Recurrence
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Scalp
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Skin
8.Synthesis of a nano-antibacterial inorganic filler containing a quaternary ammonium salt with long chain alkyl and its effect on dental resin composites.
Junling WU ; Kaiyun ZHOU ; Ting ZHU ; Chuanjian ZHOU
West China Journal of Stomatology 2014;32(5):513-518
OBJECTIVEThis study aimed to synthesize a novel nano-antibacterial inorganic filler that contains a quaternary ammonium salt with long chain alkyl and to report the antibacterial property of dental resin composites.
METHODSA novel nano-antibacterial inorganic filler that contains a quaternary ammonium salt with long chain alkyl was synthesized based on previous research. The antibacterial property of the filler was measured. The surface of the novel nano-antibacterial inorganic filler was modified by a coupling agent to achieve a good interfacial bonding between the filler and the resin matrix. Infrared spectrum analysis was carried out. The modified novel nano-antibacterial inorganic fillers were then incorporated into the dental resin matrix. The dispersion of the fillers was observed and compared with those incorporated into Tetric N-Ceram, a commercial resin composite, under a scanning electron microscope. Streptococcus mutans was used in testing the antibacterial property of the dental resin composites.
RESULTSA quaternary ammonium salt with a long chain alkyl was successfully grafted onto the surface of nano-silica particles. The novel nano-antibacterial inorganic filler that contains quaternary ammonium salt with a long chain alkyl showed stronger antibacterial efficacy than the antibacterial inorganic filler that contains quaternary ammonium salt with a short chain alkyl. The modified novel antibacterial inorganic fillers displayed a homogeneous dispersion in the resin composite bulk and combined closely with the resin matrix, similar to the Tetric N-Ceram. The resin composites that contain novel antibacterial inorganic fillers showed stronger antibacterial effect on Streptococcus mutans compared with the control group.
CONCLUSIONThe novel nano-antibacterial inorganic filler that contains a quaternary ammonium salt with long chain alkyl showed a strong antibacterial property. It also exhibited good compatibility with the dental resin matrix after undergoing coupling treatment.
Acrylic Resins ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Composite Resins ; Polyurethanes ; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds ; Streptococcus mutans
9.Flocculation process of aqueous extracts of zhisou dingchuan oral solution with quaternary ammonium salt of chitosan.
Zezhan SUN ; Jiao SUN ; Li QIN ; Yong KANG
China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica 2012;37(9):1212-1218
OBJECTIVETo study the effect of quaternary ammonium salt of chitosan (HACC) in purifying aqueous extracts of Zhisou Dingchuan oral solution.
METHODModified quaternary ammonium salt of chitosan was used to flocculate aqueous extracts of Zhisou dingchuan oral solution, with turbidity degree and the retention rate of ephedrine and glycyrrhizin as indicators, to detect the influences of flocculant dosage, suspension temperature, mixing speed and time on flocculation effect. The optimum process conditions were found through orthogonal experimental design.
RESULTThe optimum process conditions: the flocculation temperature 30 degrees C, HACC's dosage 0.4 g x L(-1), the fast mixing speed 500 r x min(-1) and its time 1 min, the slow mixing speed 50 r x min(-1) and it time 2.4 10 min. Under the conditions, the retention rate of ephedrine was 97.6%, the turbidity degree was 1.1 NTU and 2.8 NTU after 30 days.
CONCLUSIONHACC can be used to purify aqueous extracts of Zhisou Dingchuan oral solution.
Chitosan ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Flocculation ; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds ; chemistry ; Solutions ; chemistry
10.Fluoroscopic analysis of lumbar epidural contrast spread after retrograde interlaminar ventral epidural injection (RIVEI).
Ji Seon JEONG ; Jae Chol SHIM ; Jung Pil WOO ; Jae Hang SHIM
Korean Journal of Anesthesiology 2013;65(5):431-437
BACKGROUND: Retrograde interlaminar ventral epidural injection (RIVEI) may hypothetically be more effective if the catheter is placed at the ventrocaudal aspect of the exiting nerve. We tested that hypothesis by measuring ventral and dorsal epidural contrast flow during RIVEI. METHODS: To perform RIVEI, a 17 G Tuohy needle was inserted to access the epidural space. A 19 G epidural catheter was inserted and advanced through the needle, passing in a caudal direction to the lower aspect of the contralateral pedicle. Fluoroscopic images were recorded at 1.5 ml increments of contrast. Based on the images of contrast dispersal, the extent of contrast spreading was assessed in 82 patients. RESULTS: All 82 patients (100%) injected with 3.0 ml contrast medium demonstrated ventral epidural spreading. Mean spreading level from the catheter tip was 2.21 +/- 0.93 with 3.0 ml of contrast. Spreading to the superior aspect of the supra-adjacent intervertebral disc was observed in 67/82 (81.7%) of RIVEIs with 3.0 ml of contrast injected into the ventral epidural space. We found that 3.0 ml of contrast reached the inferior aspect of the infra-adjacent intervertebral disc in 95.1% (78/82) of RIVEIs performed. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings imply that a one-level RIVEI may be sufficient in situations where a two-level injection would currently be used.
Catheters
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Contrast Media
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Epidural Space
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Humans
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Injections, Epidural*
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Intervertebral Disc
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Needles
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Organic Chemicals
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Quaternary Ammonium Compounds