OBJECTIVEThis study was conducted to compare serum cytosolic β-glucosidase (CBG) levels of age-matched control patients with those of infants with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) thereby to determine the eventual association between serum CBG levels with extensive disease in infants with NEC.

METHODA total of 96 premature infants were divided into the early NEC group (n = 25), confirmed NEC group (n = 23) and the control group (n = 48). Serum CBG concentration, C-reactive protein (CRP) and peripheral blood white blood cells (WBC) were measured at the onset of the disease in patients in early NEC or confirmed NEC groups and at weeks 2-3 in control infants. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, non-parametric tests, Student's t-test, linear correlation, Spearman correlation analysis, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used for statistical analysis.

RESULTSThe median birth weights (mean ± SE) in the three groups were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Serum CBG concentration in the 3 groups were (112.369 ± 108.539) nmol/L, (693.013 ± 211.614) nmol/L and (36.478 ± 28.31) nmol/L, respectively. The infants in the confirmed NEC group had highest CBG levels, compared with the other 2 groups (P < 0.05). When the levels of CBG ≥ 65 ng/ml, CRP ≥ 2 mg/L and WBC < 5 × 10(9)/L within 3 days after birth or > 20 × 10(9)/L 3 days after birth were considered as positive parameters, the sensitivity of CBG and CRP was higher than that of WBC (P < 0.05). Among these indices, CBG had the highest specificity (87.4%), positive predictive (95.6%) and Youden's index (81.3%). CBG is correlated with CRP (the Spearman correlation coefficient was 0.379, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSerum CBG concentration increases early in NEC. Serum CBG level was associated with extensive disease in infants with NEC. Therefore CBG can be used as a marker in the early diagnosis of NEC.

Case-Control Studies ; Enterocolitis, Necrotizing ; blood ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Leukocyte Count ; Serum ; metabolism ; beta-Glucosidase ; blood

Objective: To explore the strategies of preserving urinary continence in transurethral plasmakinetic enucleation of the prostate (PKEP) for benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). METHODS: We treated 65 BPH patients by PKEP with preservation of urinary continence (UC-PKEP), which involved protection of the external urethral sphincter in the beginning of surgery, proper preservation of the anterior lobe of the prostate to protect the internal urethral sphincter in the middle, and preservation of the integrity of the bladder neck towards the end. We compared the postoperative status of urinary continence of the patients with that of the 54 BPH cases treated by complete plasmakinetic enucleation of the prostate (Com-PKEP). RESULTS: All the operations were performed successfully with the urinary catheters removed at 5 days after surgery. In comparison with Com-PKEP, UC-PKEP achieved evidently lower incidence rates of urinary incontinence at 24 hours (31.49% vs 13.85%, P <0.05), 1 week (18.52% vs 4.62%, P <0.05), 2 weeks (14.81% vs 3.08%, P <0.05), 1 month (3.70% vs 1.54%, P >0.05), and 3 months (3.70% vs 0%, P >0.05) after catheter removal. Compared with the baseline, the maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax) was significantly improved postoperatively in both the Com-PKEP (［7.43 ± 3.26］ vs ［20.58 ± 3.22］ ml, P <0.05) and the UC-PKEP group (［8.04 ± 2.28］ vs ［20.66 ± 3.08］ ml, P <0.05). CONCLUSIONS Transurethral PKEP is a safe and effective method for the management of BPH, during which the strategies of avoiding blunt or sharp damage to the external urethral sphincter in the beginning, properly preserving the anterior lobe of the prostate in the middle and preserving the integrity of the bladder neck towards the end may help to achieve rapid recovery of urinary continence.
Humans ; Male ; Organ Sparing Treatments ; methods ; Postoperative Period ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; surgery ; Quality of Life ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate ; adverse effects ; methods ; Treatment Outcome ; Urethra ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Catheterization ; Urinary Incontinence ; prevention & control

Objective: To investigate the differences of genotyping and virulence of hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (HA-MRSA) and community-acquired methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA). Methods: A total of 83 non-repetitive clinical specimens were collected in this study. All samples were classified into HA-MRSA and CA-MRSA according to the definition of the USA Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Multiple polyemeras chain reaction (PCR) was used for SCCmec typing, and spa typing was conducted by means of PCR plus DNA sequencing. Panton-valentine leucocidin (PVL), phenol-soluble modulins α (PSMa), phenol-soluble modulins mec (PSM-mec), exfoliative toxin A (ETA), exfoliative toxin B (ETB), toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST), α-toxin (hla), δ-toxin (hld) were also detected by conventional PCR. Results: The SCCmec type Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳa and unclassified type accounted for 1.2%, 3.6%, 65.1%, 28.9% and 1.2%, respectively. 82.1% of the 39 strains of HA-MRSA were identified as SCCmec Ⅲ. While for the 44 strains of CA-MRSA, SCCmec Ⅲ and Ⅳa each accounted for 50%. The proportions of SCCmec Ⅲ and Ⅳa in HA-MRSA and CA-MRSA showed significant differences (χ²=9.343, 20.253, both P<0.05); There were 15 types of spa, t437, t062, t015 accounted for 39.8%, 21.7% and 10.8% respectively. Among the strains of HA-MRSA, the spa type t437 and t062 accounted for 28.2% and 23.1%, respectively, while for the spa type of CA-MRSA, t437 and t062 accounted for 50% and 20.5%, respectively. There was significant difference of t437 type between HA-MRSA and CA-MRSA (χ²=4.100, P=0.043). The positive rates of PSM-a, hla and hld were all 100%, and the positive rates of PVL, ETA, ETB, TSST and PSM-mec were 24.3%, 4.8%, 1.2%, 10.8% and 4.8%, respectively. The proportions of PVL positive HA-MRSA and CA-MRSA were 10.3% and 36.4%, respectively, which was significantly different (χ²=7.705, P=0.006), while PSM-mec positive HA-MRSA and CA-MRSA were 10.3% and 0%, respectively. Conclusions The strains of SCCmec Ⅳa and spa t437 are detected in HA-MRSA, suggesting that the more virulent CA-MRSA genotypes coexist with the traditional HA-MRSA genotypes in the hospital-acquired infections, which brings new challenges for the prevention and control of hospital infection.

ObjectiveTo investigate the incidence and risk factors for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)-related adverse events in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). MethodsThis study included 72 patients who were diagnosed with PSC by magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography and underwent ERCP in the Third Hospital of Xingtai City from December 2009 to December 2013. The incidence of postoperative adverse events within 30 d after ERCP was monitored and recorded. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to analyze the risk factors for ERCP-related adverse events in PSC patients. ResultsThe success rate of ERCP was 94.4% (68/72). Among all adverse events, the incidence of pancreatitis and biliary tract infection were highest (6.94% and 4.17%), while the incidence of perforation was lowest (1.38%). Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of adverse events was significantly higher in patients who underwent cholangiopancreatography and sphincterotomy than in those not undergoing these procedures (OR=13.642, P=0.017; OR=7.381, P=0.000); guide wire insertion and cholangiopancreatography also increased the incidence of adverse reactions (OR=8.042, P=0.000; OR=2.651, P=0.032). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that guide wire insertion (OR = 4.547, 95%CI: 1.076-12.543) and biliary sphincterotomy (OR=5.023, 95%CI: 2.643-18.321) are associated with the incidence of ERCP-related adverse events. ConclusionSphincterotomy and guide wire insertion can increase the risk of adverse events in PSC patients after ERCP.

OBJECTIVETo study whether chlorambucil has apoptotic effect on the B cell lymphoma A20 cells and its exact mechanisms in apoptotic signaling pathway.

METHODSThe experimental cells were treated with 20 μmol/L chlorambucil, the control cells were treated with PBS. Annexin V-FITC Cell Apoptosis Detection Kit was used to examine cell apoptosis. Western blot was used to detect the expressions of active caspase-3, Survivin, NF-B and pAKT. Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR was performed to examine the mRNA expression of Survivin.

RESULTSCompared with the control group, the proportion of FITC/PI apoptotic cells and the expression of active caspase-3 (t=7.384, P=0.000) in the chlorambucil treatment group was significantly elevated. However, the expression of Survivin mRNA (t=4.384, P=0.000), protein expressions of survivin (t=12.360, P=0.000), NF-B (t=5.462, P=0.000) and pAKT (t=7.183, P=0.000) in the chlorambucil-treated group all significantly decreased.

CONCLUSIONThe chlorambucil can induce the apoptosis of lymphoma cells, its mechanism may related with inhibition of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, and expression of NF-B and survivin.

OBJECTIVETo explore the action mechanism of chlorambucil against mantle cell lymphoma cell line Jeko-1.

METHODSThe effect of chlorambucil on Jeko-1 cell proliferation was measured by MTT method. The effect of chlorambucil on the apoptosis of Jeko-1 cell was detected by Hoechst staining and Annexin V-FITC dual staining. The activation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and the expression of BAX, BCL-2, procaspase 3, procaspase 8 and procaspase 9 were detected by Western blot.

RESULTS0, 5, 10, 20 µmol/L chlorambucil could inhibit Jeko-1 cell proliferation at 24, 48, 72 h in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Chlorambucil of 0, 5, 10, 20 µmol/L increased the apoptotic rate of Jeko-1 cells, upregulated the expression of BAX, procaspase 3, procaspase 8, procaspase 9 and PI3K, increased the phosphorylation of AKT and down-regulated the expression of BCL-2.

CONCLUSIONThe chlorambucil can induce the apoptosis of mantle cell lymphoma Jeko-1 cells via blocking PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

Apoptosis ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Chlorambucil ; Down-Regulation ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; Phosphorylation ; Signal Transduction

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical characteristics and outcome of parhents with EBV infection conbined with hemophagocytic syndrome and Hodgkin's lymphoma.

METHODSThe morphotogy of bone marrow cells was observed by bone marrow smear and light microscopy, the pathologic changes of bone marrow ware analyzed by bone marrow biopsy and immunohistochemistry methord, the pathologic changes of lymphonudes ware detected by immunohistochemical methord, the paticnts were treated with ABVD （epirubicin, bleomycin, vincristine and dacarbazine） chemotherapeutic regimen.

RESULTSFever complicatid with pancytopenia, obvious increase of ferritin and sCD25, hypofibrinogenemia, hemophogocytic phenomen of bone marrow, increase of EBV-DNA copy number ware observed, which all accorded with the criteria EBV righted hemophagocytic syndrome. The curative efficacy of amtiinfective treatmatnt was poor, After treatment with HLH-2004 regimen, the fever symptome and the laboratory indicaters such as whole blood cells, ferritin and fibrinogen all were recovered to normal levels. Left mandibular lymphadenctasis was confirmed as Hodgkin's lymphoma （mixed cell type） by pathological examination. The patient achieved complete molecular remission after 1 course chemotherapy with ABVD regimen. The level of EBV-DNA copy number were also decreased. As the reshlt, the patient's hemophagocytic syndrome had bean effectively controlled, and the Hodgkin's lymphoma is still in complete remission.

CONCLUSIONEpstein-Barr virus-ratated hemophagocytic syndrome and Hodgkin's lymphoma are rare, and their long-term prognosis needs to be further explored.

Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; Hodgkin Disease ; Humans ; Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic ; Vincristine

OBJECTIVETo explore the changes in HBsAg titer and HBV DNA load and their correlation in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and HBV-related liver cirrhosis (HBV-LC).

METHODSForty-six patients with mild to moderate CHB (CHB-LM), 24 patients with severe CHB (CHB-S), and 28 patients with HBV-LC at admission, and 51 patients with HBV-LC at 4.08 ± 3.06 months during antiviral treatment were tested for serum HBsAg titer and HBV DNA load using Abbott chemiluminescence and fluorescence quantitative PCR, respectively.

RESULTSThe serum HBsAg titer and HBV DNA load gradually decreased with increased disease severity (from CHB-LM, CHB-S to HBV-LC; χ(2)=12.537 and 8.381, respectively, P<0.05). HBsAg titer and HBV DNA load were significantly higher in CHB-LM and CHB-S groups than in HBV-LC group (P<0.05), but comparable between CHB-LM and CHB-S groups (Z=-0.649 and 0.032, respectively, P>0.05). Among HBeAg-positive patients, HBsAg titer and HBV DNA load tended to decrease with increased disease severity (from CHB-LM, CHB-S to HBV-LC; χ(2)=6.146, P=0.046 and χ(2)=1.017, P>0.05; respectively), and CHB-LM group had significantly higher HBsAg titer than HBV-LC group (Z=-2.247, P=0.025). Among the HBeAg-negative patients, serum HBsAg and HBV DNA load gradually declined with the disease severity (χ(2)=8.660 and 13.581, respectively, P<0.05), and were obviously higher in CHB-LM and CHB-S groups than in HBV-LC group (P<0.05). Positive correlations were found between serum HBsAg and HBV DNA levels in CHB-LM (r=0.389, P=0.009) and HBV-LC groups (r=0.431, P=0.022), but not in CHB-S group (r=0.348, P=0.104). After antiviral therapy, the serum HBsAg titer was slightly decreased (Z=-1.050, P=0.294) while HBV DNA load markedly reduced (Z=-5.415, P<0.001), showing no correlation between them (r=0.241, P=0.111) or between the measurements before and after treatment (r=0.257, P=0.085).

CONCLUSIONSerum HBsAg titer and HBV DNA load decreases progressively from CHB-LM to CHB-S and HBV-LC in both HBeAg- positive and -negative patients. The serum HBsAg titer is positively correlated with HBV DNA load, but their levels are not consistently parallel.

Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; DNA, Viral ; blood ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; blood ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; blood ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; blood ; virology ; Viral Load

Semen stain identification is one of the crucial tasks for collection of criminal evidence by forensic techniques. Substances such as DNA and RNA contained in semen stains can serve as a source of personalized evidence targeting the suspect. Therefore, semen stain identification is vital to inferring the case attributes and the facts of the crime. The conventional methods of forensic stain identification focus on the detection of specific-function protein and/or high-content protein, such as alkaline phosphatase and PSA. Although the specificity of such protein markers is relatively high, these methods yield a limited rate of success for several factors, including poor stability, low sensitivity of the target protein, and possible subjectivity of the performer. In order to overcome these limitations, new technologies such as Raman spectroscopy, mass spectrometry for protein markers, sperm-specific aptamer, mRNA, microRNA, and DNA methylation assays have been studied and recommended by many investigators. These new technologies are paving a new ground for personalized trace analysis and even for detection of over-timed specimens.
DNA ; analysis ; DNA Methylation ; Forensic Medicine ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; MicroRNAs ; analysis ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; Semen Analysis ; methods ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Spermatozoa