The field of functional neuroimaging has substantially advanced as a big data science in the past decade, thanks to international collaborative projects and community efforts. Here we conducted a literature review on functional neuroimaging, with focus on three general challenges in big data tasks: data collection and sharing, data infrastructure construction, and data analysis methods. The review covers a wide range of literature types including perspectives, database descriptions, methodology developments, and technical details. We show how each of the challenges was proposed and addressed, and how these solutions formed the three core foundations for the functional neuroimaging as a big data science and helped to build the current data-rich and data-driven community. Furthermore, based on our review of recent literature on the upcoming challenges and opportunities toward future scientific discoveries, we envisioned that the functional neuroimaging community needs to advance from the current foundations to better data integration infrastructure, methodology development toward improved learning capability, and multi-discipline translational research framework for this new era of big data.

Objective To study the characteristics of ipsilateral and contralateral ABRs in young adults with normal hearing,and the differences between the genders and recording sides(ipsilateral vs.contralateral).Methods Eighty-eight subjects(176 ears)aged 18 to 21 years old were recruited to perform ipsilateral and contralateral ABRs evoked by 70 dB nHL click.The mean and standard deviation of the latency of waves Ⅰ,Ⅲ,Ⅴ and the in-terpeak interval of Ⅰ-Ⅲ,Ⅲ-Ⅴ and Ⅰ-Ⅴ of ipsilateral,and waves Ⅲ,Ⅴ and the interpeak interval ABRs of Ⅲ-Ⅴof contralateral ABRs were calculated.The ANOVA was used to study the differences between the males and fe-males,and between ipsilateral and contralateral recordings.Results Males showed delayed peak and interpeak la-tency in waves Ⅲ,Ⅴ,Ⅰ-Ⅲ,Ⅲ-Ⅴ,Ⅰ-Ⅴ(F=13.13～60.82,P＜0.001).The peak and interpeak latency of waves Ⅲ,Ⅴ,Ⅲ-Ⅴ(F=22.43～76.18,P＜0.001)showed difference between ipsilateral and contralateral ABRs.The latency of ipsilateral ABRs in waves Ⅲ were delayed,but in other components were earlier.Conclusion This study established the normal values of ipsilateral and contralateral ABRs in young adults with normal hearing,and reported the gender and recording sides(ipsilateral vs.contralateral)differences in ABRs.