200 papers on nerve root type cervical spondylosis treated with Chinese medicine were retrieved and 38 papers with complete diagnostic criteria and medical statistics were included for study. The results showed acupuncture, massage, and herbal therapy were three common methods and have their own advantage, but systemic, standardized and normative treatment program was lack. In the meantime of treating nerve root type cervical spondylosis, prevention should also be paid attention. The treatment, prevention and exercise on the whole therapeutic idea should be established, which has far-reaching significance.

BACKGROUND:Stem cel is a kind of pluripotent cels with self-replication ability, which can differentiate into various cels under certain conditions. Furthermore, stem cels are rich in a variety of growth factors, which can induce the generation of vessels and nerves, and improve the blood supply of lower limbs, thereby achieving the treatment and preventions of lower limb ischemia OBJECTIVE:To summarize and compare the recent achievements in the theory and therapeutic efficacy of stem cels from different sources in the treatment of diabetic foot. METHODS:The first and second authors retrieved PubMed, Sciencedirect and Medline databases for relevant articles published from January 2000 to January 2015. The key words were “diabetic foot, pathogenesis, stem cel therapy” in English. Initialy, 186 articles were retrieved, and finaly 44 articles were included in result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Stem cels can be a new choice for the treatment of diabetic foot. After stem cel therapy, corresponding symptoms have been aleviated, including the generation of new blood vessels and the reshaping of the colateral vessels, the improvement of motor nerve conduction velocity and nerve reflex, the improvement of the sense of skin pain and temperature, and pain relief. It is stil unclear whether alogeneic stem cels are safe or not, but autologous stem cels, especialy bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels, can be better able to repair damaged vessels and nerves and restore the microcirculation of blood supply. Currently, we need to do more basic and clinical researches to solve the folowing problems: to confirm the effectiveness and safety of stem cel therapy for diabetic foot; to identify whether there is a difference in the differentiation and secretory activity between stem cels in diabetic patients and ordinary people; to give ful play to the treatment of diabetic foot.

Fracture of os peroneum can occur, but the fracture fragments are seldom displaced. Complete rupture of peroneus longus through the fracture of the os peroneum causing displacement of the fracture fragments is not well reported in the literature. Differential diagnosis with bipartite os peroneum or calcific tendinitis is important because misdiagnosis of the tendon rupture can lead to serious sequela including chronic pain, ankle instability, and peroneal compartment syndrome. We report a case of complete rupture of peroneus longus associated with fracture of the os peroneum with a review of the literature.
Ankle ; Chronic Pain ; Compartment Syndromes ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Diagnostic Errors ; Rupture* ; Tendinopathy ; Tendon Transfer* ; Tendons*

Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of free posterior tibial artery perforator flap in repair of forefoot soft tissue defect.Methods:From January 2017 to January 2021, a retrospective study was conducted on 13 patients with forefoot soft tissue defect, metatarsal head exposed, and forefoot transverse arch integrity, including 9 males and 4 females. The age was (40.0±13.0) years old. Cause of injury: 8 cases of traffic accident injury, 5 cases of heavy object smashing injury. Seven cases had forefoot skin defect and toe damage, and 6 cases had forefoot skin avulsion injury, open toe fracture with tendon, blood vessel and nerve injury. The wound area was 4.5 cm×3.0 cm-8.0 cm×6.0 cm. VSD treatment was performed in the first stage, and free posterior tibial artery perforator flap was used for the second stage. The flap area was 5.5 cm×4.0 cm-9.0 cm×7.0 cm. Outpatient reviews scheduled at 1, 2, 3, and 6 months after surgery, through outpatient clinic, telephone or WeChat. The flaps were evaluated according to appearance, texture, sensory recovery, and the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hind foot function scoring system.Results:All 13 flaps survived. The follow-up lasted for 6 to 24 months. The feet were in good shape, walking with weight beries, and the flaps had satisfactory appearance without wear and tear. Five cases were S 3, 6 were S 2, and 2 were S 1. According to AOFAS ankle-hindfoot function score, 4 had excellent scores, 7 were in good, and 2 in fair. Conclusion:The free posterior tibial artery perforator flap has relatively constant perforators, and the pedicle of the middle and upper perforators is longer, and the flap can build part of the sensation. Posterior artery perforator flap is a good flat for repairing the soft tissue defects of the metatarsal head of the forefoot.

Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of turbocharged large free anterolateral thigh flaps (ALTF) by anastomosis with a superior perforator of the flap in reconstruction of large soft tissue defects of limbs.Methods:From June 2017 to June 2021, 6 patients with large soft tissue defects of limbs with exposed joints and tendons were treated in the Department of Hand and Foot Surgery of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University with turbocharged large free ALTFs. The pressurised blood supply of ALTF was achieved by anastomosing a superior perforating branch carried in the flap. Such large and turbocharged ALTFs were used to repair large soft tissue defects with exposed joints and tendons in limbs. Of the 6 patients, there were 4 males and 2 females, and aged 32-60(46.0±8.1) years old. Cause of injury: 5 by traffic accident and 1 by machine crush. Four patients had soft tissue defects in lower limbs: 2 with open tibia and fibula fractures, 1 had patellar defect and fibula fracture, and 1 associated with fibula fracture. The other 2 patients had soft tissue defect in upper limbs with bone and tendon exposed but without fracture. The sizes of wound were 25.0 cm×12.0 cm-35.0 cm×19.0 cm. In the primary surgery, Vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) was applied. In the second stage, free ALTFs were used to cover the wound. The area of flap incision was increased by anastomosing the superior perforators and as the consequence, the size of flaps was achieved to 26.0 cm×13.0 cm-36.0 cm×15.0 cm. Donor site of 6 cases were reduced by direct suture, and the remaining wound was covered by free skin graft. Postoperative follow-ups were conducted at outpatient clinic reviews at 1, 2, 3 and 6 months after surgery, and followed by telephone or WeChat interviews. The results of the operation were evaluated according to the appearance, texture and sensory recovery of the flap.Results:All 6 flaps survived and the patients completed the postoperative follow-up that lasted for 6-24 (16.7±5.0) months. No necrosis of flap occurred after surgery. The appearance and texture of the flaps were satisfactory without wear and tear. Sensation recover was evaluated by the standered of British Medical Research Council (BMRC), 4 patients recovered to S 3 and 2 patients to S 2. The Mayo score of the elbow joint was good in 2 patient with upper extremity injuries. Of the other 4 patients with lower limb injuries, the knee function evalued by Hospital for Special Surgery(HSS) score were excellent in 3 patients and good in 1 patient, and the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Societ(AOFAS) ankle-hind foot function score was excellent in 2 patients and good in 2 patients. There was no infection or function loss at all donor sites. Conclusion:The perforator of an ALTF is relatively constant, and the flap can partially restore sensation. The superior perforator is reliable and the incision area of the flap can be enlarged by anastomosing the superior perforator vessels. It is a better way to reconstruct a large soft tissue defects in limbs.