Objective To investigate the diagnostic values of imaging techniques and endoscopy in detection the causes of post-hepatic obstructive jaundice.Methods The clinical data of 57 patients with post-hepatic obstructive jaundice were retrospectively studied.The causes of the obstruction and the findings of uhrasonography(US),computerized tomography(CT),magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)or MRIcholangiopancreatography(MRCP),endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)and endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS)were compared.Results The causes of 57 patients with post-hepatic obstruetive jaundice were benign obstruction in 42(including stones in common bile duct in 38,ascariasis of CBD in 1,postoperative stricture in 2 and chronic pancreatitis in 1),and malignant lesions in 15(including pancreatic head carcinoma in 11 and ampullary carcinoma in 4).The diagnostic accuracy in terms of lesion location of US,CT,MRI+MRCP,ERCP and EUS were 71.93%(41/57),88.00%(22/25),94.59% (35/37),100.00%(47/47)and 96.77%(30/31),respectively;the diagnostic accuracy of cause of obstruction were 63.16%(36/57),80.00%(20/25),83.78%(31/37),100%(47/47)and 96.77% (30/31),respectively.Conclusion Benign diseases are the main causes of post-hepatic obstructive jaundice,but malignant ones are not rare.It is important to combine miscellaneous imaging techniques and endoscopy in diagnosis.

Objective To investigate the expression of cyclooxgenase 2 (COX-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) and their correlation with Prognosis. Methods EnVision immunohistochemistry was used to determine the expression of COX-2 and VEGF in 80 CCRCC tissues and 20 normal kidney tissues .The relationship between the above marks and prognosis were analyzed. Results The positive rates of COX-2[65.00 % (52/80) vs 10.00 % (2/20), x2= 7.760, P= 0.021]and VEGF[61.25 % (49/20) vs 20.00 (4/80),x2 = 8.870, P= 0.012]were much higher in CCRCC than those in normal kidney. The expression of COX-2 was correlated with TNM stage (x2 = 8.200,P =0.005), histological grade (x2 = 13.860, P = 0.000) and lymph node metastasis (x2 = 6.050, P = 0.001) in CCRCC, but not with age (x2 = 0.560, P = 0.663) and diameter of tumor (x2 = 0.700, P = 0.528). Both COX-2 expression and VEGF expression were associated significantly with prognosis in CCRCC (x2 = 18.280,P = 0.038;x2 = 6.420, P= 0.042, respectively). There was a positive correlation between COX-2 and VEGF in CCRCC (r =0.485, P < 0.01). Conclusion COX-2 is related to prognosis in CCRCC and can be used as prognostic indicators in patients.