In the present study, we prepared cationic liposomes encapsulated IL-2 DNA or IL-6 DNA with reverse-phase evaporation to investigate their efficiency in mediating gene transfer. After transfection with IL-2 DNA liposome or IL-6 DNA liposome, the supernatants of NIH3T3 cell contained high levels of IL-2 or IL-6. The peritoneal cells from the mice injected i.p. of IL-2 DNA or IL-6 DNA liposome 10 days later could also be detected to secrete IL-2 or IL-6. The B16F10 melanoma cells from tumor-bearing mice which were injected intratumorally of IL-2 DNA or IL-6 DNA liposome exhibited resistant to G418 and secreted high levels of IL-2 or IL-6. The results show that the liposome can mediate cytokine gene transfer efficiently in vitro and in vivo.

Objective To study the clinical application of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancre-atography(ERCP)combined with biliary microlithiasis exploration in acute cholangitis.Methods The clinical data of consecutive 54 cases of acute cholangitis were analyzed.Before ERCP,all cases were examined by routine examinations,including abdominal uhrasonography,CT or magnetic resonance cholangiopancre atography(MRCP).The bile Was collected through ERCP or endoscopic mtsobiliary drainage(ENBD),then all the samples were choked by polarization microscope.Results Thirty-six cases(66.67%)out of 54 patients with common bile duct(CBD)stones or dilation of common bile duct were diagnosed by routine examination.ERCP Was performed in all patients,only 3 cases failed,and the rest were successful.Through ERCP,39 cases with CBD stones(76.47%),4 cases with CBD inflamnmtory smcmre were diagnosed,and 12 cases were normal.Among the 12 cases,9 cages were found with biliary microlithiasis by polarization microscope.The diagnostic effectiveness of ERCP combined with biliary microlithiasis exploration was highest(94.12%),and there Was significant difference between them(P＜0.05).Conclusions It may improve the diagnostic accuracy to combine ERCP with biliary microlithiasis exploration in CBD stones.Biliary microlithiasis may play an important role in the pathogenesis in unknown aetiology acute unexplained cholangitis.

Objective To evaluate the influence of patellar resurfacing and non-patellar resurfacing on the effect of total knee arthroplasty to provide the evidence-based basis for selecting the clinical treatment scheme.Methods The clinical randomized controlled trials(RCT)on the whether having patellar replacement in total knee arthroplasty were retrieved from the databases of Pubmed,Cochrane,Medline,Embase,CNKI and WanFang data.The screening was independently performed by two researchers according to the including and excluding criterion.The related data were extracted.The reoperation rate,knee joint pain score and knee joint score served as the measurement criteria.The RevMan 5.2 software was adopted to conduct the meta analysis.Results Fifteen literatures were included to analyze,involving 1 788 patients,among them 871 cases were in the patellar resurfacing group and 917 case sin the non-patellar resurfacing group.The reoperation rate in the patellar resurfacing group was significantly lower than that in the non-patellar resurfacing group(RR=0.50,95 ％CI:0.33-0.76;P =0.001),moreover the knee joint function was significantly improved(WMD=3.04,95％CI:0.41-5.67;P=0.02).However,the anterior knee joint pain(WMD=0.96,95％CI:-0.85-2.76;P=0.30)and knee joint score(RR=0.81,95 ％ CI:0.50-1.32;P =0.41) had no statistical difference between the two operation modes.Conclusion Conducting patellar resurfacing in total knee arthroplasty can reduce the reoperation risk and improves the postoperative knee joint function,but does not improve postoperative knee joint pain score and knee joint score

Objectives To investigate the r el ationship between pancreatic ischemia and cytokines released in rats with acute pancreatitis(AP). Methods 20 acute edematous pancreatitis(AEP) and 20 acute necrotizing pancreatits(ANP) rat models wer e induced by injection of sodium taurocholate into the pancreatic duct, another 10 normal rats were used as control. At 12 hours after the induction of AP, 10 r ats in each group were sacrificed, blood and pacreatic tissue samples were taken for measurement of TNF-? and IL-10 levels. The pathological study of pancre as was performed, and pancreatic blood flow(PBF) was measured by Doppler ultraso und instrument.Results The TNF -? and IL-10 levels in serum and pancreatic tissue increased after the induction of AP, IL-10 levels elevated more significantly in AEP rats, TNF-? levels e levated more significantly in ANP rats. PBF reduced in AP rats, and the amplitud e of PBF measured by Doppler ultrasound was closely correlated with serum and ti ssue TNF-?, IL-10 levels, inflammation, hemorrhage and necrosis scores.Conclusion The reduction of PBF and the i ncreasement of cytokines developed simultaneously in rats with AP, hence both of them are important pathogenic factors of AP.

Objective To evaluate the effect of intraoperative use of soluble hemostasis gauze on postoperative pel-vic infection in parturients undergoing cesarean section.Methods Data about cesarean section parturients in obstet-ric group(n=322)and gynaecology group (n =92)were surveyed by clinical follow-up and retrospective analysis method,obstetric group adopted bulk packing of gauze,gynaecology group adopted flat lay packing ,incidence of postoperative pelvic infection between parturients who used soluble hemostasis gauze with different packing meth-ods,as well as with different pieces were compared and analyzed.Results Pelvic infection rate in obstetric group and gynaecology group was 4.04%(13/322)and 0.00%(0/92)respectively,there was no significant difference be-tween two groups(P =0.082 ).In obstetric group,pelvic infection rate in parturients who used ≤3 pieces of solu-ble hemostasis gauze was 0,used >3 pieces was 11 .82%,there was significant difference between the two (P <0.001).Conclusion Rational use of soluble hemostasis gauze in caesarean operation can effectively avoid postopera-tive pelvic infection.

Objective To study the effect of intra-tumor injection of slow-release 5-FU on pancreatic carcinoma cells in nude mice,and on changes in serum tumor markers and cellular immunity of patients with pancreatic carcinoma.Methods (1) In vitro experiments, the releasing action and anti-tumor effect of slow-release 5-FU were studied. Measurement of the concentration of effused fluid,calculation of amount of drug released,and observation of the inhibitory effects of effused fluid on PC3 strains of pancreatic cancer cellswere perfomed.(2) Human pancreatic carcinoma strain PC-3 cells were cultured and inoculated into 60 nude mice,and were randomly divided into 5 groups according to various treatments received: NS injection as control group(A group), 5-FU (10 mg/kg)IV injection group(B group), stroma implant group(C group), intra-tumor injection of high dose slow-release 5-FU (4mg/kg) group(D group) and intra-tumor injection of low dose slow-release 5-FU (1mg/kg) group(E group). Tumor size were measured before and 14 days after treatment. On week 2, histological changes of the tumors were examined. The apoptotic index (AI) of the tumor cells was detected by terminal-deoxynucleotide transferase mediated d-UTP nick end labeling(TUNEL) and expression of bcl-2 and Bax by immunohistochemistry.(3) 69 cases of unresectable pancreatic carcinoma were divided into 3 groups randomly:intra-tumor injection of slow-release 5-FU treated group(treatment group), intra-venous injection of 5-FU group( chemotherapy group), and control group. The serum values of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD4+/ CD8+, NK cells, CEA, CA50, CA19-9, CA125 and CA242 were measured in all patients 1 day before and 14 days after operation. Results (1) There was 0.85 mg 5-FU released in the 1st day and 0.45 mg 5-FU released in the 3rd day. The release remained constant at 0.25 mg and continued for about 14 days. (2) The tumor growth suppression rate on the 1st day by effusion fluid of slow-release 5-FU was 60.27% and on the 3rd day was 34.25%. Later, it remained at about 25.00%. The tumor growth rate was slower in D and E group than in other groups (P

Objective To investigate the potential role of IC0s-Ig and CsA in inducing transplantation tolerance and the mechanisms thereof. Methods ICOS-Ig was a fusion protein of human ICOS extracellular region and IgG Fc fragment.Cardiac allograft from BALB/c mouse was transplanted to C57BL/6 mouse Animals were randomly divided into 5 groups:(1) un-treated group;(2)IgG-treated group,250g,i.p.day 2,4,6;(3)ICOS Ig-treated group,250g,i.P.day 2,4,6;(4) CsA-treated group,10 mg/kg,i.p.day 0-6;(5)ICOS-Ig+CsA-treated group.The survival time and pathological changes of the cardiac allografts were monitored.The mixed lymphoeyte reaction (MLR) and the alloantibody level of the recipients were also detected.Results The median survival time (MST) of the cardiac allografts was (8.5±1.5) days in un-treated group,(8.0±0.8) days in IgG-treated group,(29.5±7.7) days in ICOS-Ig-treated group,and(21.0±5.0) days in CsA-treated group.respectively.In ICOS-Ig + CsA-treated group,the MST was prolonged to longer than 100 days,which was significantly longer than other four groups(P<0.01).Allogeneic hearts from ICOS-Ig and/or CsA immunized recipients revealeel milder histological changes than control groups(P<0.05).Mechanical ahalysis revealed that splenic T cells from recipients also exhibited depressed MLR activities.The alloantibody level in ICOS-Ig-treated group and/or CsA-treated group was lower than in control groups(P<0.05),suggesting ICOS-Ig not only inhibited cell immunity,but also depressed humoral response.Conclusion ICOS-Ig combined with CsA leads to a long-term survival of mouse cardiac allografts.The induced tolerance is donor-specific and the mechanisms may be associated with T cell anergy.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of preoperative regional intra-arterial chemotherapy (RIAC) in the treatment of resectable pancreatic head carcinoma. Methods The clinical data of 50 patients with resectable pancreatic head carcinoma who had been admitted to the Research Institute of Pancreatic Diseases of Fudan University from December 2006 to July 2007 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were randomly divided into2 groups (n =25 in each group): patients in group A were treated with preoperative RIAC followed by regional pancreaticoduodenectomy, and patients in group B were treated with surgical procedure routinely. The lymphatic metastases in the 50 specimens of pancreatic head carcinoma were detected by histological examination with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, and lymphatic micrometastases were detected by immunohistochemical method with staining of cytokeratin AE1/AE3 in 10 specimens with negative HE staining of the lymph nodes in each group. Results There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications, the length of hospital stay and the 1-, 2-year survival rates between the 2 groups (χ2 = 0.12, 2.88, P > 0.05). The incidence of positive lymph node metastasis in group A was 7.1% (52/734), which was significantly higher than 22.1% (118/532) in group B (χ2 = 60.01, P < 0.05). The incidence of lymphatic micrometastasis was 9.4% (30/319) in group A, and 9.1% (23/252) in group B, with no statistical difference between the 2 groups (χ2= 0.01, P > 0.05). Conclusions Preoperative RIAC is helpful in improving the prognosis of patients with resectable pancreatic head carcinoma by reducing the incidence of lymphatic metastasis and decreasing tumor stage.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of a COX inhibitor,flurbiprofen (Flurb) on hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury in rats and the action mechanism.Method C57BL/6 mice were randomized into sham,IR and Flurb (4 different doses) groups.The model of segmental (70％) warm hepatic ischemia was established in IR and Flurb groups.Flurbiprofen of different doses (5,7.5,10 and 15 mg/kg) was injected via the tail vein 20 min before ischemia.At different time points after reperfusion,liver cell necrosis and apoptosis were evaluated by HE and TUNEL staining.The COX and inflammatory cytokine gene expression was detected by using realtime PCR.Liver mitochondria were separated and mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) pore sensitivity was examined by using swelling assay and fluorescence spectrophotometry assay.Result In flurbiprofen groups of different doses,the serum AST and ALT levels were significantly decreased at 6 h after reperfusion as compared with IR group.Moreover,10 mg/kg Flurb pretreatment significantly inhibited the mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) pore opening,and thus alleviated liver cell damage and prevented mitochondria-related cell death and apoptosis by inhibiting COX-2 and inflammatory factor genes expression such as IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α.Conclusion Flurbiprofen protects mice from hepatic I/R injury possibly by inhibiting mitochondrial permeability transition and IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α expression,which may provide experimental evidence for clinical use of flurbiprofen to protect liver function in surgical settings other than its conventional use for pain relief.

Objective To explore the clinical significance of ? catenin expression in pancreatic carcinoma.Methods The immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect the expression of ? catenin in the specimens of 46 patients with pancreatic carcinoma and the results were statistically analyzed. Results The abnormal expression rate on the membrane was 54.3%, the poorer the differentiation, the higher the abnormal expression rate. The levels of the cases in whom metastasis occurred were much higher than those without metastasis. The abnormal cytoplasm expression rate was 21.7%,which had not significant correlation with the clinical indexes, such as staging, tumor size, grading and metastasis. In 23 patients who accepted intervention chemotherapy before operation, the cytoplasm expression rate in those with tumor mass smaller was 0, which was evidently lower than that of those without tumor mass change (33.3%). Moreover, the abnormal membrane and cytoplasm expression rates had remarkable concordance (63.0%).Conclusion The abnormal membrane expression of ? catenin may accelerate metastasis, and the abnormal expression of ? catenin in cytoplasm may result in cell proliferation.