1. Immunomodulatory activity of wild Artemisia rupestris L. crude polysaccharide as an adjuvant
Quanxiao LI ; Xueli BA ; Shuangshuang FENG ; Yachao TAN ; Bing ZHAO ; Xiaolong LUO ; Ailian ZHANG
International Journal of Biomedical Engineering 2019;42(5):367-374
Objective:
To investigate the enhancement effect of Xinjiang wild Artemisia rupestris L. crude polysaccharides (WARCP) as an adjuvant on ovalbumin (OVA) vaccine in mice immunized intramuscularly.
Methods:
ICR mice were randomly divided into 6 groups (5 per group), including 9 g/L NaCl group (blank control), OVA group (10 μg OVA), low dose WARCP/OVA group (OVA+50 μg WARCP), medium dose WARCP/OVA group (OVA+200 μg WARCP), high dose WARCP/OVA group (OVA+400 μg WARCP), and aluminum adjuvant (Alum)/OVA group (positive control group, OVA+100 μg Alum). ICR mice were immunized intramuscularly and weighted. The OVA-specific antibodies and subtypes in serum were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). T cells subsets from spleen and lymph nodes were detected by flow cytometry.
Results:
The medium-dose WARCP/OVA group enhanced IgG and IgG1 levels and increased early antibody levels (all
2.Stability of immunomodulatory activity of aqueous extracts from wild and cultivated Artemisia rupestris L. in Xinjiang
Quanxiao LI ; Shuangshuang FENG ; Ailian ZHANG
International Journal of Biomedical Engineering 2020;43(5):341-348
Objective:To investigated the effects of storage temperature and storage state on the immunoregulatory activities of wild Artemisia rupestris L. crude polysaccharides (WARCP) and cultivated Artemisia rupestris L. crude polysaccharides (CARCP). Explore the optimal storage conditions for WARCP and CARCP.Methods:WARCP and CARCP were stored at different temperatures (4, -20 and -80 ℃) and in different states (powder and solution) for 6 months. Different doses (10, 50, 100 μg/ml) of WARCP and CARCP were used to stimulate mouse bone marrow dendritic cells (DCs) for 24 h in vitro. The lipopolysaccharide with a dose of 100 ng/ml were used as positive control, and RPMI-1640 medium was used as negative control. Flow cytometry was used to detect the proportions of CD40 and CD86 on the surface of DCs.Results:At different temperatures, the differences in immunomodulatory activity of WARCP and CARCP stored in powder state and WARCP stored in solution state were not statistically significant (all P>0.05). The immunomodulatory activities of CARCP stored in solution state at -20 ℃ and -80 ℃ were significantly better than that stored at 4 ℃ (all P<0.05). Conclusions:After 6 months of storage, the immunomodulatory activity of WARCP and CARCP is not affected by the storage state, and can maintain good immunomodulatory activity at different storage temperatures.
3.Influences of intramuscular immunization with cultivated Cistanche deserticola crude polysaccharides on efficacy of ovalbumin(OVA) protein
Shuangshuang FENG ; Ailian ZHANG ; Xueli BA ; Bing ZHAO ; Quanxiao LI
Chinese Journal of Microbiology and Immunology 2017;37(10):766-771
Objective To investigate the immunopotentiating effects of cultivated Cistanche deser-ticola (C.deserticola) crude polysaccharides (CCDCP) as an adjuvant on the model antigen ovalbumin (OVA). Methods Low,medium and high doses of CCDCP in combination with OVA were intramuscularly injected twice into ICR mice at an interval of two weeks,respectively. Aluminum adjuvant was used to set up positive control group. Levels of IgG,IgG1 and IgG2a antibodies were detected by ELISA. Splenocyte prolif-eration was detected by MTT assay. Growth conditions of the immunized mice were observed. Results IgG level was significantly increased in the high dose group 7 days after the first immunization(P<0.05),espe-cially on the 21st and 28th days (P<0.01) as compared with that of the aluminum adjuvant group. High dose of CCDCP in combination with OVA significantly up-regulated the levels of IgG1 and IgG2a in mice as compared with immunization with OVA alone (P<0.05). Moreover, IgG2a level in mice immunized with high dose of CCDCP and OVA was higher than that of the aluminum adjuvant group(P<0.05). Splenocyte proliferation was significantly enhanced in the medium and low dose groups in comparison with that of the OVA group (P<0.05) and the aluminum adjuvant group (P<0.01). No significant difference in mouse body weight was observed in different groups(P>0.05). Conclusion CCDCP as an adjuvant of OVA pro-tein vaccine can enhance Th1 and Th2 immune responses,especially the early antibody production and Th1 immune response. These results will provide some information for further studies of CCDCP as a vaccine ad-juvant.
4.Immunopotentiating effects of polysaccharides extracted from cultivated and wild Cistanche desertico-la in Xinjiang
Bing ZHAO ; Xiumei YANG ; Daocheng WU ; Xueli BA ; Quanxiao LI ; Yachao TAN ; Ailian ZHANG
Chinese Journal of Microbiology and Immunology 2018;38(1):7-13
Objective To compare the immunopotentiating effects of polysaccharides extracted from wild/cultivate Cistanehe deserticola (WCDPS/CCDPS) in Xinjiang. Methods ICR mice were subcu-taneously injected twice with different doses(low,medium and high) of WCDPS and CCDPS in combination with ovalbumin (OVA). OVA-specific antibody IgG,as well as IgG1 and IgG2a subtypes, was determined by ELISA. OVA-specific lymphocyte proliferation was measured by MTT. Expression of CD4+T and CD8+T cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. Results Both WCDPS and CCDPS could significantly improve the production of OVA-specific IgG,IgG1 and IgG2a,promote the proliferation of OVA-specific lymphocytes and increase the expression of CD4+T and CD8+T cells(all P<0.05) with no significant difference between them at the same dosages (P>0.05). WCDPS and CCDPS had no influence on the body weight of mice after im-munization. Conclusion WCDSP and CCDPS could significantly enhance the OVA-specific humoral and cellular immune responses with no statistical difference and are characterized by high safety.
5.Effects of polysaccharide-containing aqueous extracts of Cistanche deserticola Y. C. Ma on T lympho-cyte subsets and duration of antibody response
Shuangshuang FENG ; Quanxiao LI ; Xueli BA ; Yachao TAN ; Bing ZHAO ; Ailian ZHANG
Chinese Journal of Microbiology and Immunology 2018;38(11):821-828
Objective To study the effects of aqueous extracts of cultivated Cistanche deserticola Y. C. Ma (AECCD) on T cell responses and the duration of antibody response and to investigate its immunoen-hancing activities in mice. Methods Two batches of female ICR mice were used in this study with 30 from each batch. Each batch of mice was randomly divided into six groups (n=5). Low, medium and high doses of AECCD in combination with ovalbumin ( OVA) were used to set up three experimental groups, while 0. 9% NaCl, OVA alone and aluminium adjuvant were respectively used as blank, negative and positive controls. All mice were intramuscularly injected twice at an interval of two weeks. Flow cytometry was used to detect the ex-pression of T lymphocyte subsets, cytokines and surface molecules of dendritic cells (DC). Indirect ELISA was used to detect IgG antibody levels. Results AECCD could significantly increase the percentage of CD4+and CD8+T lymphocytes in spleen (P<0. 05), up-regulate the expression of CD4+CD44+and CD8+CD44+effector T lymphocytes (P<0. 05), promote the secretion of IFN-γ in T lymphocytes and enhance the expression of CD40 and CD80 on the surface of DC (P<0. 05). ELISA results showed that high-dose AECCD could significantly prolong the duration of IgG antibody response induced by OVA (P<0. 05). Conclusion AECCD could en-hance the T lymphocyte immune response induced by OVA and keep it maintained at a high level, which might help to improve the body′s immune response.
6.Immunoregulatory activity of wild Cistanche deserticola crude polysaccharides on OVA as a potential adjuvant in mice
Yachao TAN ; Quanxiao LI ; Yaling KANG ; Xiaolong LUO ; Ailian ZHANG
International Journal of Biomedical Engineering 2020;43(2):87-93
Objective:To investigate the effect of wild Cistanche deserticola crude polysaccharides (WCDCP) on the immune response of ovalbumin (OVA).Methods:42 ICR mice were randomly divided into the 9 g/L NaCl group (blank sample), WCDCP group (400 μg WCDCP), OVA group (10 μg OVA), low-dose WCDCP/OVA group (100 μg WCDCP+10 μg OVA), medium-dose WCDCP/OVA group (400 μg WCDCP+10 μg OVA), high-dose WCDCP/OVA group (800 μg WCDCP+10 μg OVA), and aluminum adjuvant/OVA group (positive concentration, 200 μg aluminum adjuvant+10 μg OVA). Each group included 6 mice. The mice were immunized by using two-point injection into the muscles of the hind legs of the mice. A total of 2 immunizations, and the immunization was boosted once every 2 weeks after the initial immunization. The body weight of the mice was weighed 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after the initial immunization of the mice, and the changes in body weight and growth status of the mice were observed. The IgG antibodies and antibody fractions were detected by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Twenty-one days after the initial immunization, the spleen lymphocyte proliferation level was detected by the thiazole blue method. Flow cytometry was used to detect the proportion of T cell subsets in the spleen and lymph nodes.Results:At 7 days after the initial immunization, the serum IgG antibody level (0.597 6±0.110 7) in the high-dose WCDCP/OVA group was significantly higher than (0.254 4±0.074 8) of the OVA group ( P<0.05). At 28 days after the initial immunization, the serum IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a antibody levels in the high-dose WCDCP/OVA group were higher than those in the OVA group, the comparison respectively were 0.972 3±0.243 8 vs. 0.389 2±0.077 4 ( P<0.05), 1.156 0±0.088 4 vs. 0.612 6±0.059 7 ( P<0.001), 1.648 0±0.103 9 vs. 0.557 2±0.181 5 ( P<0.001), and the differences were statistically significant. High-dose WCDCP can significantly promote the proliferation of spleen cells induced by concanavalin A ( P<0.001) and lipopolysaccharide ( P<0.05). High-dose WCDCP/OVA group can significantly stimulate the activation ratio of T cell subsets in the spleen. The proportion of CD3 +CD8 + T cells in the high-dose WCDCP/OVA group [(10.83±0.44)%] was significantly higher than that in the OVA group[(6.76±0.58)%] ( P<0.01), and the proportion of CD3 +CD4 + T cells [(28.17±1.67)%] was also significantly higher than that in the OVA group [(19.17±2.73)%] ( P<0.05). WCDCP had no effect on body weight (all P>0.05) and growth of mice. Conclusions:WCDCP can enhance humoral immune response and cellular immune response, and has no side effect on the growth of mice, suggesting that WCDCP can be used as a potential adjuvant for OVA.
7.Clinical characteristics of 272 437 patients with different histopathological subtypes of primary esophageal malignant tumors
Lidong WANG ; Liuyu LI ; Xin SONG ; Xueke ZHAO ; Fuyou ZHOU ; Ruihua XU ; Zhicai LIU ; Aili LI ; Jilin LI ; Xianzeng WANG ; Liguo ZHANG ; Fangheng ZHU ; Xuemin LI ; Weixing ZHAO ; Guizhou GUO ; Wenjun GAO ; Xiumin LI ; Lixin WAN ; Jianwei KU ; Quanxiao XU ; Fuguo ZHU ; Aifang JI ; Huixiang LI ; Jingli REN ; Shengli ZHOU ; Peinan CHEN ; Qide BAO ; Shegan GAO ; Haijun YANG ; Jinchang WEI ; Weimin MAO ; Zhanqiang HAN ; Zhiwei CHANG ; Yingfa ZHOU ; Xuena HAN ; Wenli HAN ; Lingling LEI ; Zongmin FAN ; Ran WANG ; Yuanze YANG ; Jiajia JI ; Yao CHEN ; Zhiqiang LI ; Jingfeng HU ; Lin SUN ; Yajie CHEN ; Helin BAI ; Duo YOU
Chinese Journal of Internal Medicine 2022;61(9):1023-1030
Objective:To characterize the histopathological subtypes and their clinicopathological parameters of gender and onset age by common, rare and sparse primary esophageal malignant tumors (PEMT).Methods:A total of 272 437 patients with PEMT were enrolled in this study, and all of the patients were received radical surgery. The clinicopathological information of the patients was obtained from the database established by the State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment from September 1973 to December 2020, which included the clinical treatment, pathological diagnosis and follow-up information of esophagus and gastric cardia cancers. All patients were diagnosed and classified by the criteria of esophageal tumor histopathological diagnosis and classification (2019) of the World Health Organization (WHO). The esophageal tumors, which were not included in the WHO classification, were analyzed separately according to the postoperative pathological diagnosis. The χ 2 test was performed by the SPSS 25.0 software on count data, and the test standard α=0.05. Results:A total of 32 histopathological types were identified in the enrolled PEMT patients, of which 10 subtypes were not included in the WHO classification. According to the frequency, PEMT were divided into common (esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, ESCC, accounting for 97.1%), rare (esophageal adenocarcinoma, EAC, accounting for 2.3%) and sparse (mainly esophageal small cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma, etc., accounting for 0.6%). All the common, rare, and sparse types occurred predominantly in male patients, and the gender difference of rare type was most significant (EAC, male∶ female, 2.67∶1), followed with common type (ESCC, male∶ female, 1.78∶1) and sparse type (male∶ female, 1.71∶1). The common type (ESCC) mainly occurred in the middle thoracic segment (65.2%), while the rare type (EAC) mainly occurred in the lower thoracic segment (56.8%). Among the sparse type, malignant melanoma and malignant fibrous histiocytoma were both predominantly located in the lower thoracic segment (51.7%, 66.7%), and the others were mainly in the middle thoracic segment.Conclusion:ESCC is the most common type among the 32 histopathological types of PEMT, followed by EAC as the rare type, and esophageal small cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma as the major sparse type, and all of which are mainly occur in male patients. The common type of ESCC mainly occur in the middle thoracic segment, while the rare type of EAC mainly in the lower thoracic segment. The mainly sparse type of malignant melanoma and malignant fibrous histiocytoma predominately occur in the lower thoracic segment, and the remaining sparse types mainly occur in the middle thoracic segment.