BACKGROUND: It has been testified the interrelation between many microelements and mental diseases by determination of serum concentration or single determination of several microelements. But there are lack of definite data in comparison between big samples and various microelements.OBJECTIVE: To determine the levels of 6 microelements (Pb, Cd, Al, Zn, Cr and Ni) in hair of schizophrenic patients and compare with normal persons.DESIGN: Case-control, single center and big sample observation was designed.SETTING: Department of Psychiatry, Nanning Fifth People's Hospital.PARTICIPANTS: Totally 440 cases of latest inpatients of schizophrenia were selected from the ward of Department of Psychiatry, Nanning Fifth People's Hospital from April to December in 2000. They had not taken drugs for anti-mental disease yet, of which, 260 cases were male, 180 cases female; aged averagely (34±13) years, 122 cases ≤ 29 years old, 236 cases aged varied from 30 to 49 years and 82 cases ≥50 years old. In the control group, 218 persons were selected from the staffs of Nanning Fifth People's Hospital, of which, 128 cases were male and 90 cases female; aged averagely (37±11) years, 56 cases ≤ 29 years old, 121 cases aged varied from 30 to 49 years and 41 cases ≥50 years old. All of the participants were in the know and agreed with the experiment.METHODS: WFX-12 type atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used to determine in parallelism the levels of Pb, Cd, Al, Zn, Cr and Ni in hair of 440 cases of schizophrenic patients and 218 cases of normal persons.Multi-factor logistic regressive model analysis was carried out on microelement levels between patient group and normal group.ment levels in hair concerning to sex and age among schizophrenic papatients and normal persons.RESULTS: Totally 440 cases of schizophrenia and 218 normal persons enanalysis: The odds ratios (OR) were 1.07, 0.32, 0.99, 0.99, 1.74 and 0.63 successively between schizophrenia and the levels of Pb, Cd, Al, Zn, Cr and Ni;mong schizophrenic patients: The levels of Cd and Zn in hair of male patients were higher than those of females [(0.46±0.40) μg/g, (0.33±0.27) μg/g;(128.40±38.95) μg/g, (118.95±35.67) μg/g, F=14.84, 6.71, P ≤ 0.01].The levels of microelements of patients at 3 different age divisions were tween schizophrenic patients and normal persons: The levels of Pb and Cr in hair of schizophrenic patients were higher than those in the control group[(10.22±7.79) μg/g, (8.44±7.57) μg/g;(1.36±0.71 μg/g, (1.18±0.46) μg/g,F=6.21-8.52, P ≤ 0.01], but the levels of Cd, Zn and Ni were lower than those in the control group [(0.41±0.36) μg/g, (0.51±0.40) μg/g;(124.53±37.89) μg/g, (139.21±34.52) μg/g;(0.90±0.66) μg/g,(1.05±0.53) μg/g, F=6.21-8.52, P ≤ 0.01].CONCLUSION: A certain of correlation presents between the levels of Pb, Cd, Al, Zn, Cr and Ni in hair and schizophrenia. The levels of Cd and Zn are different concerning to sex, in which, those of male were higher than female. The difference was not significant in the levels of 6 microelements concerning to age in patient group. The levels of Pb and Cr in hair of schizophrenia were higher than the normal persons, but the levels of Cd, Zn and Ni were lower than the normal persons.

Objective To analyze the assessment results of the criminal responsibility of the mentally ill offenders.Methods A case control study was employed in the current study.BPRS,Criminal Responsibility SCale were used to investigate the 147 criminal cases evaluated by forensic psychiatrists from January 2005 to January 2006 in the 5th hospital of Nanning city,Guangxi province.Results (1)There was a significant difference between the responsibility group and no-responsibility group in the BPRS total score(45.23±7.88 vs 31.16±9.32),factor 3(17.23±4.49 vs 8.18±5.19),factor 4(4.80±2.04 vs 3.89±1.67),factor 5(8.18±3.21 vs5.36±3.23).(2)By the discriminatory analysis,the 8 variables such as psychiatric history,psychiatric diagnosis.the BPRS factor 3 and 4,the Responsibility Scale factors 3,4,and 5 were selected into the discriminatory equations.Conclusions 1.The study suggested that the psychiatric diagnosis.psychopathology and its severity of the disorders,the criminal motivation,understand of the consequence and the ability of self-protection play an important role in assessing the criminal responsibility of the mentally ill offenders.2.The study confirmed Criminal Responsibility Scale had the excellent credible and effective degree.And it can be widely used in the assessment of criminal responsibility ofthe mentally ill offenders.

Objective To investigate the protection of Liuwei Dihuang Jiawei Capsula(LDJ Capsula,Rehmanniae Capsula of Six Ingredients) on diabetic nephropathy(DN) rats′ kidney and effect on renal protein kinase C(PKC) activity and connective tissue growth factor(CTGF) of DN rats.Methods The DN rat models were induced by ip injection of streptozotocin(STZ).The rats were randomly divided into five groups: control group; DN model group;Lotensin group;LDJ Capsula group;and Lotensis and LDJ Capsula combination group.Drug intervention term was 12 weeks.Renal ultrastructure was observed by transmission electron microscope and Masson staining.Relative kidney weight,blood glucose level,serum and urine creatinine content,creatinine clearance,excretion rate of the 24 hour urine protein,renal PKC activity,and CTGF expression in renal cortex were measured by immunohistochemistry.Results Deposition of collagen in renal of DN rats was conspicuous.Relative kidney weight,blood glucose level,serum and urine creatinine content,creatinine clearance,excretion rate of 24 h urine protein,renal PKC activity and CTGF expression of DN rats increased obviously.All Lotensin,LDJ Capsula,and the combination of these two drugs could decrease renal PKC activity and CTGF expression and ameliorate proteinuria and renal function of DN rats.At the same time they all could abate the deposition of collagen in renal of DN rats.Combination of these two drugs could decrease renal PKC activity and CTGF expression more ob-viously and at the same time had more notable protective effect on kidney of DN rats.Conclusion All Lotensin,LDJ Capsula,and the combination of these two drugs could protect kidney of DN rats.The combination of these two drugs has more obviously protective effect than using Lotensin only.

Objective To analyze the clinical features and risk factors of death in pediatric trauma,in order to provide preventing strategies and reduce mortality.Methods A retrospective study of 7936 traumatic children admitted to the emergency department of our hospital from April 2014 to March 2016 was conducted.We retrospectively summarized the clinical features and Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors of death in children with trauma.Results Compared to females,male patients contributed higher percentages(1.73∶1).There were more migrant children(5535 cases) than local ones(2 401 cases)(χ2=14.314,P＜0.05).Children in infancy stage(2 024 cases)and toddler period(3 097 cases) were more than in the other periods.Limb[41.9%(3 324/7 936)] and skin injuries[38.5%(3 058 324/7 936)] were the most common.Children trauma causes varied with age,fall,tumble and traffic accidents were common causes of children trauma.Pediatric trauma score of surviving group(n=1933),death group(n=5),general ward group(n=1852) and ICU group(n=86) were 8.53± 2.17,3.17± 1.29,9.72± 1.25,5.23± 1.84,respectively.Shock decompensation,mechanical ventilation,Glasgow coma scale ≤7 and pediatric trauma score＜8 were the risk factors which caused the death of trauma.Conclusion Parents should improve the security sense,strengthen the care of children and obey the traffic rules to reduce the rate of children trauma.Clinicians should pay attention to shock decompensation,mechanical ventilation,Glasgow coma scale and pediatric trauma score in order to identify critically ill patients in early stage and improve the success rate of rescue.

BACKGROUND: Percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) is usually used for osteoporotic thoracolumbar fractures,which has various advantages such as easy to operate, short operation time, less trauma, rapid recovery,analgesic effect and so on. But its application is restricted due to nerve compression symptoms and pulmonary embolism caused by bone cement leakage. Thereafter, how to reduce the leakage of bone cement is an issue of concern.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between the lumbar quantitative computed tomography (QCT) values and contrast agent dispersion in osteoporotic thoracolumbar fractures. METHODS: Sixty cases of osteoporotic thoracolumbar fractures undergoing PVP were enrolled, and received QCT examination before surgery, and contrast agent was injected intraoperatively. X-ray examination was conducted to detect the bone mineral density, contrast agent dispersion and leakage of bone cement, and the relationship between the lumbar QCT values and contrast agent dispersion as well as leakage of bone cement.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) There were 110 vertebral fractures, and 74 vertebrae with contrast agent diffusing more than vertebral midline, accounting for 67.3%. There was significant difference in the contrast agent dispersion among groups (P < 0.05). (2) The bone cement leakage showed no significant difference among groups after injected with bone cement by unilateral or bilateral approach (P > 0.05). (3) These results suggest that contrast agent dispersion in osteoporotic thoracolumbar fractures has a certain relationship with the lumbar QCT values, and lumbar QCT values with more contrast agent dispersion, but the lumbar QCT values have no correlation with bone cement leakage. Therefore, choosing a appropriate approach based on the QCT values and contrast agent dispersion can reduce leakage and improve the safety of PVP.

We constructed the eukaryotic expression vector of human IL-35-IgG4 (Fc)-pOptiVEC-TOPO by gene recombination technique and expressed the fusion protein human IL-35-IgG4 (Fc) in CHO/DG44 cells. The two components of the newly discovered cytokine human IL-35, EBI3 and IL-12p35, were amplified by PCR from the cDNA library derived from the KG-I cells after LPS induction. The two PCR-amplified cDNA fragments of human IL-35 were linked by over-lapping PCR and then cloned into the IgG4 (Fc)-pOptiVEC-TOPO vector. The constructed plasmid with the recombinant cDNA IL-35-IgG4 (Fc) was verified by restriction enzyme digestion analysis, PCR and DNA sequencing. The verified plasmid with the recombinant cDNA was transfected into CHO/DG44 cells using Lipofectamine 2000. The success of the transfection was examined and confirmed by RT-PCR. After selection in alpha-MEM (-) medium, the IL-35-Ig G4 (Fc) positive CHO/DG44 clones were chosen and the media from these positive clones were collected to be used to purify the fusion protein. The positive CHO/DG44 clones were further cultured in increasing concentrations of MTX and the expression levels of the fusion protein IL-35-Ig G4 (Fc) were repetitively induced by MTX-induced gene amplification. The IL-35-IgG4 (Fc) fusion protein was purified from the media collected from the positive CHO/DG44 clones by protein G affinity chromatography and then identified by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. The results showed that one protein band was found to match well with the predicted relative molecular mass of human IL-35-IgG4 (Fc) and this protein could specifically bind to anti-human IgG4 (Fc) monoclonal antibody. In conclusion, our study successfully established an IL-35-IgG4 (Fc) positive DG44 cell line which could stably express IL-35-IgG4 (Fc) fusion protein.
Animals ; CHO Cells ; Cricetinae ; Cricetulus ; Gene Fusion ; genetics ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Immunoglobulin G ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Interleukins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Transfection

Objective:To understand the molecular pat hophysiology of hepatocellular carcinoma and pancreatic cancer.Methods: We studied novel gene expression by cDNA microarray method. The PCR pro ducts of 4 096 genes and 12 800 gene were spotted onto a kind of chemical-mater ial-coated-glass slide in array. Both the mRNAs from 5 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma and 3 cases of pancreatic cancer were reversely transcribed to cDNAs with the incorporation of fluorescent-labeled dUTP to prepare the hybridization probes. After hybridization, BioDoor4096 and BioDoor12800 cDNA microarray were scanned for the fluorescent intensity. Tumor invasion-related gene expression w as screened through the analysis of difference in gene expression profile.Results:Among 4 096 and 12 800 target genes, there were 15 genes who se expression level differed from normal and carcinoma tissues. Therefore, they might be associated with metastasis.Conclusion:Further analysis of these differentially expressed metastasis-associated genes will be helpful for understanding the molecular mechanism of malignant carcinoma.

Tobacco use is the single most preventable cause of death, disability and disease in the world and is projected to be the leading cause of death and disability across all developed and developing countries by 2020. Nicotine, the primary active ingredient of cigarettes that contributes to physical dependence, acts on nicotine receptors in the central nervous system and leads to the release of neurotransmitters (such as dopamine). Like other drugs of abuse, nicotine is thought to produce reinforcing effect by activating the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system. A wide variety of cessation treatments of nicotine dependence is commercially available, yet only 2 general approaches have received empirical validation: behavioral intervention (including 5 As brief intervention) and pharmacotherapy. The evidences show that 5 As brief intervention is one of the most cost-effective treatments in clinical work for busy physicians. Three types of medications have been available in market for smoking cessation treatment: nicotine replacement treatment (NRT, i.e., transdermal patch, gum, inhaler, nasal spray, and lozenge), sustained release bupropion and varenicline. Varenicline, a novel alpha4beta2 nicotinic receptor partial agonist, is effective for tobacco dependence. Phase III trials suggest that it is more effective than NRT and bupropion SR. The safety profile of varenicline is excellent, with the most commonly occurring adverse events, nausea, typically mild and well tolerated. However, new safety warnings are added to the varenicline label because of post-marketing report including agitation, depression and suicidality. A causal connection between varenicline use and these symptoms has not been established.
Benzazepines ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Bupropion ; therapeutic use ; Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Nicotinic Agonists ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Quinoxalines ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Smoking Cessation ; methods ; psychology ; Tobacco Use Disorder ; therapy ; Varenicline

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of dracorhodin perchlorate (DP) on inhibiting high glucose-induced serum and glucocorticoid induced protein kinase 1 (SGK1) and fibronectin (FN) expression in human mesangial cells (HMC), and its mechanism of prevention and treatment on renal fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy (DN) .

METHODThe HMC were divided into normal glucose group (NG group, 5.5 mmol x L(-1) D-glucose), normal glucose +low DP group (NG + LDP group, 5.5 mmol x L(-1) D-glucose +7.5 micromol x L(-1) DP), normal glucose +high DP group (NG + HDP group, 5.5 mmol x L(-1) D-glucose + 15 micromol x L(-1) DP), high glucose group (HG group,25 mmol x L(-1) D-glucose), high glucose +low DP group (HG + LDP group, 25 mmol x L(-1) D-glucose + 7.5 micromol x L(-1) DP)and high glucose +high DP group (HG +HDP group, 25 mmol x L(-1) D-glucose + 15 micromol x L(-1) DP). Each group was examined at 24 hours. The levels of SGK1 and FN mRNA was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR,and the expression of SGK1 and FN protein was detected by Western blot or indirect immunofluorescence.

RESULTA basal level of SGK1 and FN in HMC were detected in NG group, and the level of SGK1 and FN mRNA and protein were not evidently different compared to that of NG group adding 7.5 micromol x L(-1) DP for 24 hours. On the other hand, the levels of SGK1 and FN mRNA and protein were obviously decreased by adding 15 micromol x L(-1) DP for 24 hours. Compared to NG group, the levels of SGK1 and FN mRNA and protein were increased in HG group after stimulating for 24 hours (P < 0.01). Compared to HG group, the level of SGK1 and FN mRNA and protein were evidently reduced in HG + LDP and HG + HDP groups by adding 7.5 micromol x L(-1) DP and 15 micromol x L(-1) DP for 24 hours (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONDracorhodin perchlorate can inhibit high glucose-induced serum and glucocorticoid induced protein kinase 1 (SGK1) and fibronectin(FN) expression in human mesangial cells, and this may be part of the mechanism of preventing and treating renal fibrosis of DN.

Benzopyrans ; pharmacology ; Cell Line ; Diabetic Nephropathies ; drug therapy ; enzymology ; genetics ; metabolism ; Down-Regulation ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Fibronectins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Gene Expression ; drug effects ; Glucose ; metabolism ; Humans ; Immediate-Early Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Mesangial Cells ; drug effects ; enzymology ; metabolism ; Perchlorates ; pharmacology ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; genetics ; metabolism