To date, pancreatitis lacks of specific pharmacological therapy. Recently, it has been found that cytosolic Ca2+ overload causes pancreatitis. This article summarized the earliest events of Ca2+ transport in pancreatic acinar cell during pancreatitis and the influence of bile, alcohol, and hyperlipidaemia.Abnormal Ca2+ signal can be inhibited by caffeine. Based on these results, potential therapeutic targets are suggested.

The response of rat mesenteric microvessels to noradrenaline (NA) in different stages of endotoxic shock was investigated by using vital microscope with video television recorder. It was found that the diameter of the microvessels showed a dose-dependent decrease to local NA application from the low to high concentration. The constricted response curve was remained unchanged at the experimental duration. The constricted response to NA was increased significantly at early stage of shock but was decreased at late stage (both P

Rats were kept in isobaric hypoxic chamber (O_2=10%)for ? , ? and 4 weeks(6h/day, 6days/week). The lung adrenoceptors were measured by radioligand bindingtechnique. Results showed that the ? adrenoceptor increased at 1st week of hypoxia and de-creased significantly at 2nd and 4th weeks of hypoxia. The change of ?_2 adrenoceptor wasconsistant with that of total ? adrenoceptor but the decrease was more significant. By con-trast, the ?_2 adrenoceptor increased significantly all the time. No change of Kd valuewas found in this study. The data indicated that the changes of adrenoceptors induced byhypoxia caused the domination of pulmonary vasoconstriction which may play a role inthe developement of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension.

Rats were kept in hypoxic chamber. Results showed that hypoxia led topulmonary hypertension and right ventricular hypertrophy, hypercapnia exasperated thishypertrophy but was not to hypertension. At the same time, lung ?_1-adrenoceptor all in-creased in hypoxia with or without hypercapnia groaps, ?-adrenoceptor increased after 1weekof hypoxia, and decreased after 1week and 2weeks of hypoxia with hypercapnia. These resultssuggested that the different type of adrenoceptors showed a different change after hypoxia.Results implied that the imbalance of adrenoceptor in lung might led to domination ofvaso-constriction caused by increased ?-adrenocepor, which might play the role in hypoxicpulmonary hypertension. The followed up increase of ?-adrenoceptor after 2weeks of hypoxiawith hypercapnia might be a compensative effect to eliminate exasperation of ventricular,hypertrophy.

Calcium supplement is needed for Chinese people.Calcium antagonists are also used in China.Authors suggest that calcium owns dual direction effects like a double-edged sword.Based on the knowledge of calcium metabolism,the adverse drugs reactions of excessive calcium supplement and the harmful effects of cellular calcium overload are introduced.Scientific and efficient application of calcium agents and calcium antagonists is expected.

This paper elucidates the relationship among different types and subunits of voltage-gated calcium channels and antihypertensive drugs.①L-type calcium channels lack of functional expression in renal efferent arterioles,but it has been found recently that T-type calcium channels have had roles in the regulation of renal efferent arteriolar tone.Third generation dihydropyridine,L-type calcium channel antagonists including manidipine,nilvadipine,benzindamine and efonidipine,can dilate both afferent and efferent renal arterioles,then improve glomerular hypertension and provide renoprotection,because the inhibition of both L and T type calcium channels.② In hypertensive rats,an increased expression of L-type calcium channel ?1c subunits has been shown.and this increased expression of calcium channel ?1c subunit associated with the increase of Ca2+ influx and elevated arterial tone can be observed.These findings provide a rational basis for designing antihypertension therapy by normalizing Ca2+ channel ?1c subunit expression.

AIM:To study the changes of ?-adrenoceptors in peripheral lymphocytes at different stages of asthma. METHODS:?-adrenoceptors in peripheral lymphocytes, cAMP and cGMP levels in blood plasma were measured by radioligand binding assay and radioimmunoassay.RESULTS:Bmax and Kd of ?-adrenoceptors in asthma at remission stage were markedly higher than that in normal subjects, while cAMP levels in blood plasma were not different between them. Bmax of ?-adrenoceptors and cAMP levels in blood plasma in asthma at acute exacerbation stage were significantly lower than that in normal subjects, Kds between these two groups were not much different. There was no correlation between ?-adrenoceptors, cAMP and cGMP levels in blood plasma and ventilatory functions.CONCLUSIONS:Changes of ?-adrenoceptors in asthma rather be a pathological change accompanied by the course of the disease than a primary defect.

The epilepsy symptom and the pia microcirculatory blood flow volume (PMBFV) were investigated in epilepsy rat model induced by strychnine and the changes after treatment by using faradized frequency spectrum therapeutic equipment were observed. The epilepsy symptom was improved and the PMBFV increased after treatment. The convulsion seizure time was delayed, the seizure frequency and convulsion time were reduced, and the epilepsy even was not appeared in some cases. Results suggested that this improvement might be related to the change of PMBFV.

Abstract As part of the human environment, ionizing radiation can produce adverse tissue reactions known as determinist- ic effects at sufficiently high exposure levels, and cause stochastic effects (cancer and genetic diseases), where single cells with mutations can trigger somatic or genetic effects, even at low exposure levels. Given the unfavorable health effects of ra- diation, a comprehensive technical report is warranted to address the measurement and control of radiation exposure levels. The Assessment of Prospective Cancer Risks from Occupational Exposure to Ionizing Radiation published by the Internation- al Atomic Energy Agency fills this gap. This paper outlines the methodology of prospective cancer risk assessment for work- ers occupationally exposed to radiation, which provides a flexible framework based on radiobiology, risk modeling, and epi- demiological data and a new tool for managing occupational radiation exposure and assessing potential risks from occupa- tional radiation exposure.

Objective To evaluate the application of three deep learning algorithms in automatic segmentation of clinical target volumes (CTVs) in high-dose-rate brachytherapy after surgery for endometrial carcinoma. Methods A dataset comprising computed tomography scans from 306 post-surgery patients with endometrial carcinoma was divided into three subsets: 246 cases for training, 30 cases for validation, and 30 cases for testing. Three deep convolutional neural network models, 3D U-Net, 3D Res U-Net, and V-Net, were compared for CTV segmentation. Several commonly used quantitative metrics were employed, i.e., Dice similarity coefficient, Hausdorff distance, 95th percentile of Hausdorff distance, and Intersection over Union. Results During the testing phase, CTV segmentation with 3D U-Net, 3D Res U-Net, and V-Net showed a mean Dice similarity coefficient of 0.90 ± 0.07, 0.95 ± 0.06, and 0.95 ± 0.06, a mean Hausdorff distance of 2.51 ± 1.70, 0.96 ± 1.01, and 0.98 ± 0.95 mm, a mean 95th percentile of Hausdorff distance of 1.33 ± 1.02, 0.65 ± 0.91, and 0.40 ± 0.72 mm, and a mean Intersection over Union of 0.85 ± 0.11, 0.91 ± 0.09, and 0.92 ± 0.09, respectively. Segmentation based on V-Net was similarly to that performed by experienced radiation oncologists. The CTV segmentation time was < 3.2 s, which could save the work time of clinicians. Conclusion V-Net is better than other models in CTV segmentation as indicated by quantitative metrics and clinician assessment. Additionally, the method is highly consistent with the ground truth, reducing inter-doctor variability and treatment time.