Administration, Cutaneous ; Adolescent ; Antihypertensive Agents ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Clonidine ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Double-Blind Method ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Tic Disorders ; drug therapy

A novel gene,located between dnrX and drrB in the genome of daunorubicin-producing strain Streptomyces coeruleorubidus SIPI-1482,was cloned and named as dauW.The full sequence of dauW was submitted to GenBank(Accession No.EF523565).Blast result indicated that it showed high homology with dnrW in GenBank.The exact function of dauW is as yet unknown despite the possibility that it might belong to a family of FAD-dependent oxidoreductases on the basis of conserved domain analysis.dauW was cloned into expression plasmids pET-28a(+)and pET-32a(+),respectively,and was successfully expressed in E.coli DE3 after induction with IPTG.The preliminary results of the expression of dauW suggested that it might be involved in the self resistance in Streptomyces coeruleorubidus due to the increased resistance to daunorubicin in the E.coli host.

Anticonvulsants ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Seizures ; chemically induced

TDP-4-ketohexulose reductase, encoded by dnmV, is important in daunorubicin biosynthesis. To obtain a daunorubicin block mutant, double cross-over plasmid pYG817 was constructed by inserting apramycin resistant gene and amplified dnmV together with upstream dnmU into vector pUC18. dnmV was successfully disrupted after transformation of daunorubicin-producing strain SIPI-1482 by pYG817. Daunorubicin was absent from metabolites of the resulting transformant, and its biosynthesis can be reconstituted by introducing dnmV expression plasmid into the disruptant, although the yield is lower than wild-type SIPI-1482, according to HPLC analysis. This mutant can be a good candidate for production of anthracycline such as epi-daunorubicin by introducing exogenous gene into the host.

To improve the growth enhancement activity of Vitreoscilla hemoglobin(VHb), Vitreoscilla hemoglobin gene(vgb) was mutated by error-prone PCR and then reconstituted by DNA shuffling. The shuffling library was constructed by inserting the shuffled genes into the downstream of vgb natural promoter and transforming them into E.coli DH5?. Mutated active VHb proteins were first screened in test tubes according to host cell pellets color and then in shake flasks according to host pellets wet weight .One active mutant protein, VHb′042506, was obtained after second screening. It could increased the host wet weight by 31.25% and 58.75% than that of the control which bearing natural VHb under microaerobic and extremely microaerobic conditions, respectively. Sequencing and alignment results showed that 11 nucleotides were mutated, thus resulted in 4 amino acids changes occurred in this mutant protein. CO difference spectrum test also indicated that it had higher specific absorption.

TTI gene coding for Tsetse thrombin inhibitor was modified with E.coli bias codon and expressed in Escherichia coli with high efficiency.Recombinant protein was purified to more than 98% purity.Assay for enzyme activity determination was set up.The result showed that the fusion protein exhibited inhibiting activity for thrombin.Inhibitory rate of purified TTI was 73% when concentration of thrombin and substrate was 10U/ml and 250?mol/L respectively.Inhibition pattern was determined as competitive with Ki at 35?mol/L.

?-lactamase inhibitor research is popular for its potential on ?-lactam antibiotics resistant strain.A ?-lactamase binding peptide SIPIS04-01 was obtained by the yeast two-hybid system.In vitro assay showed that it can inhibit the ?-lactamase activity.In order to improve the expression level of the recombinant peptide,a two-copy expression plasmid pYG563 was constructed by random orientation tandem repeat method after codon modification,the two-copy plasmid was successfully expressed and the product was increased by 48.4% than that of one-copy plasmid.Purified peptide showed inhibitory activity against TEM-1 ?-lactamase in vitro and the inhhibitory constant Ki was measured.

OBJECTIVETo assess the association of polymorphisms of human leucocyte antigen (HLA) -DRB1 and -DQA1 region allele with outcomes of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in Han population of north China.

METHODSA total of 207 chronic hepatitis B (HB) patients, 212 chronic asymptomatic HBV carriers (HBV carrier), and 148 self-limited HBV infection were recruited to examine the association between gene polymorphisms and outcomes of HBV infection. Polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP) technique was used to genotype HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQA1 loci.

RESULTSThe frequency of HLA-DQA1 * 0301 in chronic HB patients (14.81%) was significantly lower than those in HBV carriers (25.24%) and self-limited HBV infection subjects (25.00%) (Pc = 0.002; Pc = 0.007). The frequency of HLA-DQA1 * 0102 in self-limited HBV infection subjects (8.78%) was significantly higher than those in chronic HB patients (2.18%) and HBV carriers (1.89%) (Pc = 0.000; P = 0.000). In addition, the frequency of HLA-DQA1 * 0302 in self-limited HBV infection subjects (4.05%) was significantly lower than that in chronic HB patients (11.41%) (Pc = 0.005). HLA-DQA1 * 0302 was demonstrated to be risk factors of chronic HBV (OR = 3.913, P = 0.0006), while HLA-DQA1* 0102 and HLA-DQA1 * 0301 to be protective factors against chronic HBV (OR = 0.200, P = 0.0004; OR = 0.258, P = 0.0000) after age, sex, smoking and drinking were adjusted by logistic regression analysis. There were positive interactions between drinking and HLA-DQA1 * 0102 [interaction index (II) = 1.49] or HLA-DQA1 * 0302 (II = 12.12). There were negative interactions between drinking and HLA-DQA1 * 0301 (II = 0.78)

CONCLUSIONSThe subjects with HLA-DQA1 * 0302 allele have an increased risk to chronic HB infection compared with other subjects without this allele, while HLA-DQA1 * 0301 and HLA-DQA1 * 0102 are associated with HBV clearness. Gene-environment interaction can affect the outcomes of HBV infection.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Alcohol Drinking ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Case-Control Studies ; Environment ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; genetics ; HLA-DQ Antigens ; genetics ; HLA-DQ alpha-Chains ; HLA-DR Antigens ; genetics ; HLA-DRB1 Chains ; Hepatitis B ; ethnology ; genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the correlation of pesticide exposure with childhood acute leukemia.

METHODSAn exploratory case-control study was conducted among childhood acute leukemia patients under 15 years old in Shanghai, China. From January 1st, 2006 to December 31st, 2008, a total of 80 newly diagnosed acute leukemia patients were recruited from Shanghai Children's Medical Center for the case group. Another 96 age-matched patients who visited the hospital for health examination, pediatric treatment or osteological therapy excluding hematological system diseases and neoplastic disease, were recruited for the control group. A questionnaire survey was conducted in both groups; and a 30 - 40 ml random urine sample was collected from each participant. Five types of organophosphorus pesticide metabolites was then detected among the samples, using Gas Chromatography with Flame Spectrophotometry.

RESULTSAccording to result of the questionnaire survey, more participants (55.0% (44/80)) in case group than in the control group (33.3% (32/96)) reported using mosquitocidal, which might increase the risk of childhood acute leukemia (OR = 2.444; 95%CI: 1.326 - 4.506). At the same time, the detection showed that the concentration (median) of organophosphate metabolites diethyl phosphate, dimethyl phosphate, dimethyl thiophosphate, diethyl thiophosphate and diethyl dithiophosphate in case group were 0.0682, 0.0082, 0.0183, 0.0233, 0.4259 µg/g Cr, which were all significantly higher than in control group (0.0865, 0.0025, 0.0112, 0.0123, 0.1207 µg/g Cr) except the concentration of diethyl phosphate (Z = -1.081, P = 0.279). The difference showed statistical significance (Z = -5.752, -2.800, -3.316, -8.120, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONPesticide exposure may be one of the risk factors for childhood acute leukemia.

Acute Disease ; Adolescent ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Environmental Exposure ; adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Leukemia ; etiology ; Male ; Maternal Exposure ; Pesticides ; adverse effects ; Pregnancy ; Risk Factors

BACKGROUNDBladder urothelial cancer has been diagnosed at an increasing rate among young adults in China while the clinical outcomes remain highly controversial. To optimize the management of young patients with bladder cancer, we examined whether bladder urothelial cancer in young patients behaved differently from that in the elder patients.

METHODSFrom 1994 to 2008, a database of bladder urothelial cancer patients at a major tertiary medical center was retrospectively reviewed. The clinical and pathological parameters of patients who were less than 40 years of age and a series of patients older than 40 years of age as the control group during the same period were compared. A survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test, and Cox regression was performed to identify clinical parameters that affected the clinic outcomes.

RESULTSYoung bladder cancer patients had a lower male-to-female ratio and were less likely to have advanced stages and high-grade cancers at the initial diagnosis. Tumors in young bladder cancer patients tended to be less multifocal at diagnosis. In addition, young patients had a lower recurrence rate and longer recurrence interval than older patients. The Kaplan-Meier curve and Log-rank test showed that young patients had significantly better cancer specific survival than old patients. The univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that tumor grade is the sole predictor for tumor recurrence in young patients.

CONCLUSIONSYoung patients with bladder cancer have favorable pathological features and clinical outcomes than older patients. These findings argue for more conservative management approaches for young patients with bladder cancer.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Sex Factors ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; pathology ; Urothelium ; pathology ; Young Adult