Objective To evaluate quantitatively the spasticity of elbow flexor biceps in stroke patients using integrated EMG (IEMG),and to correlate the IEMG with Ashworth scale.Methods The IEMG data was recorded from the biceps while passively stretch the elbow joint of a group of 90 subjects,and was correlated with the varying levels of Ashworth category(20 cases with grade 0,6 cases gradeⅠ,16 cases gradeⅠ~+,20 cases gradeⅡ,and 18 ca- ses gradeⅢ).Results The IEMG data were positively correlated with simultaneous Ashworth scale categories.The range of IEMG value corresponding to the Ashworth category is as follows:1.3～12.1 (6.7?5.4)?V?s vs Ash- worth grade 0;4.6～12.3 (8.5?3.9)?V?s vs Ashworth gradeⅠ.15.3～28.4(21.8?6.6)?V?s vs Ashworth gradeⅠ~+;37.2～68.9 (53.1?15.6)?V?s vs Ashworth gradeⅡ;82.3～144.1 (113.2?30.9)?V?s vs Ash- worth gradeⅢ.Conclusion The IEMG value can be used to quantify the spasticity of elbow flexor in stroke pa- tients.

Diathesis education and innovative ability cultivating of students are a new position in higher education.Exploring experiment was applied in medical undergraduates of grade 2004 for enhancing integrative diathesis and cultivating innovative spirit and ability of students.It was proved that application of exploring experiment could increase adequately learning fervor and interest of students.Teaching quality of microbiological experiment was enhanced accordingly.Application of exploring experiment was useful supplement and attempt of traditional teaching mode.

Quality education and innovative ability cultivation of students are a new position in higher education.Exploring exper- iment was applied in teaching of microbiological experiment for enhancing integrative diathesis and cultivating innovative spirit and ability of students.The practice has been proved that learning fervor of students was increased adequately.Unaided operation abili- ty,integrative analysis ability and innovative idea were enhanced,too.Accordingly,teaching quality of microbiological experiment was improved.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of coronary abnormalities on reconstruction of right ventricular outflow tract in patients with complex congenital heart disease.

METHODSEighty patients, including tetralogy of Fallot 14 cases and double outlet right ventricle (DORV) 4 cases with anomalous coronary artery, underwent surgical treatment from April 1989 to May 2004. The coronary diseases included single left or right coronary artery in 11 cases, left anterior descending coronary artery originating from right coronary artery in 6 cases, vascular plexus on right outflow tract in 1 case. One-stage correction was undergone in 17 cases, palliative procedure in 1 case. The reconstruction methods were as follows: mobilizing coronary artery and expanding incision under coronary artery with pericardial patches in 4 cases; repairing ventricular septal defect (VSD) via the incision beneath the coronary artery and expanding right ventricular outlet tract (RVOT) and pulmonary via longitudinal incision over the coronary artery in 3 cases. VSD were repaired via right atrium and minimal incision on RVOT plus incision on pulmonary were made to expand RVOT. Trunk of pulmonary were anastomosis with RVOT in 3 cases. Homograft valved aorta were used in 3 cases.

RESULTSOne case died of serious low cardiac output syndrome postoperatively. There was no critical complication of hemorrhage and respiratory tract. Oxygen saturation rose from 68.0% to 82.0% after treated by palliative procedure. Seventeen cases were followed from 10 months to 8 years, 1 case suddenly died with no clear cause. Three cases were with residual leak, 3 with residual obstruction.

CONCLUSIONSSurgical procedure should be selected according to the characteristics of coronary disease with complex congenital heart disease.

Adolescent ; Cardiac Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Coronary Vessel Anomalies ; complications ; surgery ; Double Outlet Right Ventricle ; complications ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Tetralogy of Fallot ; complications ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome

Objective:To observe the effect of ankle stretching on ankle biomechanics, balance, walking ability and ability in the activities of daily living among stroke survivors.Methods:Eighteen hemiplegic stroke survivors were randomly divided into an experimental group ( n=9) and a control group ( n=9). In addition to routine medication and rehabilitation training, the experimental group received 20 minutes of ankle joint stretching daily while the control group underwent an additional twenty minutes of routine rehabilitation training. Before and after the treatment, both groups′ ankle joint stiffness (K), muscle strength, active range of motion (AROM) and passive range of motion (PROM) were evaluated. They were also assessed using the modified Ashworth scale (MAS), the Fugl-Meyer lower extremity assessment (FMA-LE), the Berg balance scale (BBS), the 6-minute walking test (6MWT) and the modified Barthel Index (MBI). Results:After two weeks of treatment significant improvement was observed in the AROM and muscle strength of both groups in dorsiflexion and plantarflexion. The average BBS and FMA-LE scores of both groups had also improved significantly. Significant improvement in the average PROM of plantarflexion and the K of dorsiflexion, as well as in average MBI score was observed only in the treatment group. After two weeks the treatment group′s average muscle strength in plantarflexion and dorsiflexion was significantly better than the control group′s.Conclusions:Stretching can reduce ankle stiffness, improve the range of motion, muscle strength, and ability of in the activities of daily living after a stroke.

Objective To evaluate whether Loewenstein occupational therapy cognitive assessment (LOTCA) can be used in the diagnosis of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) by comparing it with mini-mental state examination (MMSE).Methods Thirty patients performed cardiac valve replacement surgery in our hospital from October 2010 to March 2011 were chosen; the cognitive function of these patients were neuropsychologically evaluated by MMSE and LOTCA 1 d before and 7 d after the surgery; the differences of accurately diagnostic rate on POCD,the scores and the time-consuming when MMSE and LOTCA were chosen were compared.Results Thirteen patients (43.33％) were diagnosed as having POCD by MMSE and 17 patients (56.67％) by LOTCA; the difference of accurately diagnostic rate on POCD was not statistically significant (x2=1.067,P=0.302).MMSE scores,LOTCA scores and scores of 4 subtests (motor praxis,visuomotor organization,operation of thinking,and attention and concentration) 7 d after the surgery was significantly decreased as compared with those 1 d before the surgery (P＜0.05).MMSE scores were highly correlated with LOTCA scores (γ=0.711,P=0.005).Conclusion LOTCA can be used in the diagnosis and research of POCD.It can do a more comprehensive assessment than MMSE in cognitive function with longer times.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the application of total-cystectomy in the hepatic cystic echinococcosis (HCE).

METHODSAn retrospective analysis was made in 223 cases of HCE. The observation targets included the days post operative, blood loss during operation, complications of residual cavity and local recurrence. The patients were divided into two groups: cyst-resection group and cyst ectomy group. The cyst-resection group was divided into two sub-groups, per cystectomy group and liver resection group.

RESULTSThe incidences of residual cavity and local recurrence in the cyst-resection group were lower than that in the cystectomy group (P < 0.01). The incidences of blood loss and average days in ward in the per cystectomy group were lower than that in partial liver resection group (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSHCE can decrease the complication of liver residual cavity and local recurrence effectively, total cystectomy should be selected as first procedures for treatment of hepatic cystic echinococcosis.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Cystectomy ; methods ; Echinococcosis, Hepatic ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo review retrospectively the experience of surgical repair of sinus of valsalva aneurysm (SVA) in 70 patients.

METHODSBetween September, 1988 and October, 2003, Seventy patients with SVA underwent surgical repair by the aid of general anesthesia and cardiopulmonary bypass, comprised 1.4% (70/4960) of all open-heart operation. Forty-five were male and 25 female. Age ranged from 3 to 69 years old [mean (29 +/- 15) years]. The aneurysms ruptured into the right ventricle in 46 patients, right atrium in 23 and left ventricle in 1 respectively. The aneurysms originated from right and noncoronary sinus in 61 patients (87%) and 9 patients (13%) respectively. The most common associated cardiovascular lesions were ventricular septal defect (VSD, n = 34) and aortic valve incompetence (n = 21). Repairs were achieved through an incision in right atriotomy, right ventriculotomy or aortotomy only or both aortotomy and right atriotomy (or right ventriculotomy). The defects in the sinus of valsalva was repaired with either direct sutures (n = 43) or a patch (n = 27). The aortic valve was replaced in 6 patients.

RESULTSThere were no deaths in early time after repair. Postoperative hospital stay was 8 approximately 33 days [mean +/- standard deviation, (14.3 +/- 6.4) days] before 1997 and 6 approximately 15 days [mean +/- standard deviation, (9.1 +/- 2.6) days] after 1997 respectively. Complications included infection (n = 4), hemorrhage (n = 4), pneumothorax (n = 1), arrhythmia (n = 4) and residual shunt (n = 1) of VSD. Fifty-three (76%) patients (2 months approximately 13 years) were followed-up [mean +/- standard deviation, (6.6 +/- 3.8) years]. All patients survived except that one died of rupture of dissecting aortic aneurysm 7 years after operation.

CONCLUSIONSThe ruptured sinus of valsalva aneurysm and unruptured sinus of valsalva aneurysm with ventricle septal defect or(and) aortic valve regurgitation should be repaired surgically as soon as the diagnosis was confirmed. Long-term results are associated with preoperative aortic valve regurgitation.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aortic Aneurysm ; complications ; surgery ; Aortic Rupture ; surgery ; Aortic Valve Insufficiency ; complications ; surgery ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular ; complications ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Sinus of Valsalva ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome

We studied on the bio-safety problem of cultivating innovative talents in medical microbiology. The bio-safety of laboratory was controlled by educating bio-safety before the experiments, regulating basic operations during the experiments and constructing management system out of the experiments. Then we got some experience to ensure students’ bio-safety during the research.

Action Potentials ; Animals ; Electromyography ; Environmental Exposure ; Hypothermia ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Seawater ; Thigh ; physiology ; physiopathology