To obtain the caries experience and, plaque accumulation severity and pit and fissure morphology in first permanent molars in 7-8 children in Wuhan, as a reasonable prediction of caries risk and preventive attention in the future, a convenient sample of five primary schools in the vicinity of the Wuhan University School and Hospital of Stomatology was drawn. Two calibrated examiners orally examined all present grade 2 children in the classroom, using standard caries plaque and tooth morphology criteria. Dental caries was scored at enamel (D(2)) and dentine (D(3)) for tooth and surface level. Independent variables were age, gender and school. Data analysis used analysis of variance and t-test. The sample comprised 1 043 7- and 8-year-olds. The prevalence of dental caries in permanent dentition was 8.7% and in primary dentition, 68.7%. Mean Decayed, Missing, Filled Teeth/S (DMFT/S) scores were 0.11 and 0.14, respectively. Mean dmft/s scores were 2.8 and 5.0. The d-component constituted 75% of the d(3)mft index, while enamel carious lesions constituted 36% of the total number of carious lesions (d(2,3)-component). Prevalence of medium and deep pits and fissures was 84.6%. Prevalence of medium and severe plaque accumulation was 67.4%. Prevalence of dental caries in the deciduous and permanent dentitions of 7- to 8-year-old children was high. Deep pits and fissures in high caries risk children should be sealed.
Child ; China ; epidemiology ; DMF Index ; Dental Caries ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Dental Enamel ; pathology ; Dental Fissures ; pathology ; Dental Plaque Index ; Dentin ; pathology ; Dentition, Permanent ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Molar ; pathology ; Prevalence ; Tooth, Deciduous

Objective To examine the neural basis of item memory and source memory with fMRI approach.Methods Eight male and eight female healthy fight-handed native Chinese speakers were involved in this study.The item memory and source memory task were conducted with 504 highly frequent Chinese double-character words in the Block-designed experiment.Participants underwent such a double- round procedure as fMRI scanning following study.The fMRI data collected from a GE 1.5T MRI system were analyzed to generate corresponding activation maps for females and males respectively(P20)using statistical parametric mapping software(SPM).Results For females,item memory task activated the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(BA6,the number of activated voxel clusters was 62 or 11 in the left and the right,respectively),source memory more activated the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(BA6/46,the number was 59).For males,item memory activated the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(BA6/46,the number was 64),source memory activated the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(BA6,9 and 40 in the left and the right).Conclusion On the neural basis of item or source memory,there exists dissociation,which is that right dorsolateral prefrontal areas are more activated by item memory while left dorsolateral prefrontal areas by source memory.For the difference of gender,it is suggested that left dorsolateral prefrontal areas(BA6/46)are more activated in females while right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(BA6/46)more in males.

Objective To explore the application value of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment for refractoriness pneumonia in children.Methods Sixty-two cases of refractoriness pneumonia who had not been cured with normal anti-infective therapy for 2 weeks in Guiyang Children′s Hospital from Jun.2005 to Jun.2009 were selected.Fiberopic bronchoscopy Olympus BF-3C30 or BF-P40 examination was applied after routine local infiltration anesthesia to diagnose and local treat refractoriness pneumonia in 62 children.Results There were 27 cases(43%) of simple inflammation,20 cases(32%) of foreign bodies with concurrent infection,7 cases(11%) of dndobronchial tuberculosis,4 cases(6%) of dysplasia with concurrent infection,2 cases(3%) of bronchiectasis,and 2 cases(3%) of pulmonary hemosiderosis,among them,dysplasia were diagnosed on children under 1 year old,foreign bodies with infection on 1-3 years old,and tuberculosis and bronchiectasis on school age.Eleven cases(40%) of simple inflammation were identified various pathogen by bronchoalveolar la-vage fluid culture,mycoplasma PCR test and bronchial brushing and microscopic examination.Forty-seven cases of bronchi obstruction and stenosis caused by inflammation were irrigated and treated by drug and achieved satisfactory,among them,15 cases(79%) of pulmonary atelectasis were recovered with the treatment of fiberoptic bronchoscopy within 2 weeks,14 cases(70%) of foreign bodies were succeed in taking choked thing from bronchus with fiberoptic bronchoscopy.Conclusion The fiberoptic bronchoscopy play an important role in the etiological diagnosis and therapy of refractoriness pneumonia in children.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVETo screen and evaluate the active constituents of Chinese medicinal herbs as potent inhibitors of Cdc25 phosphatase.

METHODSThe affinity chromatography purified glutashione-S-transferase/Cdc25A phosphatase fusion protein and Cdc2/cyclin B from the extracts of starfish M phase oocytes are used as the cell cycle-specific targets for screening the antimitotic constituents. We tested 9 extracts isolated from the Chinese medicinal herbs and vegetables including the agents currently used in cancer treatment by measuring the inhibition of Cdc25A phosphatase and Cdc2 kinase activity. The antitumor activity of the extracts was also evaluated by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay and flow cytometry.

RESULTSCdc25A inhibitory activity and antitumor activity are detected in the extracts isolated from three Chinese medicinal herbs Agrimona pilosa; Herba solani lyrati; Galla chinesis.

CONCLUSIONWe found three extracts isolated from Chinese medicinal herbs have potential inhibitory activity of Cdc25 phosphatase using a highly specific mechanism-based screen assay for antimitotic drug discovery.

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Cycle Proteins ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinases ; metabolism ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Lethal Dose 50 ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive ; drug therapy ; enzymology ; pathology ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Mitosis ; drug effects ; Phytotherapy ; methods ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; cdc25 Phosphatases ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the feasibility of multi-slice spiral CT (MSCT) for cholangiopancreatography without cholangio-contrast.

METHODSTen patients without any digestion system diseases and 24 patients with suspected pancreatic malignancy received the 16-slice spiral CT multi-phased contrast-enhanced scanning. The images of patients without any digestion system diseases and cancer-suffered patients were curved reformatted (CR) technique to perform the structure of pancreatic duct, common bile duct, and ampulla. The cholangiopancreatical systems of the cancer suffered patient were reconstructed through volume rendering technique (VRT), minimum intensity projection (MinIP), and indirect minimum intensity projection (IMinIP). The results of patients without any digestion system diseases in curved multiplanar reconstruction were analyzed; meanwhile display rates of the pancreatic duct, common bile duct, and ampulla were evaluated.

RESULTSof the four different cholangiopancreatographies were compared.

RESULTSThe display rate of pancreatic duct in the CR images was 90.0 (9/10) with an average diameter of (2.63 +/- 0.51) mm. Sub-pancreatic duct could be seen in 88.9% (8/9) of them. The display rate of common bile duct in the CR images was 100% (10/10) with an average diameter of (7.45 +/- 1.12) mm. The display rate of ampulla was 60.0 (6/10), which was affected by the filling status of duodenum. The cholangiopancreatography using CR, VRT, MinIP, and IMinIP for patients with pancreatic cancer reveal the whole pancreatic and common bile duct, and the modality of distal obstructed bile duct. The result showed that IminIP got the best outcome (98.6%), while VRT got the worst (68.1%).

CONCLUSIONThe negative CT cholangiopancreatography is a simple and non-invasive examination. It reflects both the 3-dimensional cholangio-pancreatic anatomical structure and its adjacent condition. It has curtain clinical application values, especially for patients with obstructed duct system.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cholangiography ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pancreatic Ducts ; diagnostic imaging ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; Tomography, Spiral Computed

OBJECTIVETo study the content variation of furmarid acid and isofraxidin in Sarcandra glabra from 21 different provenances and provide the basis for resource utilization and quality optimization of S. glabra.

METHODHPLC method was developed to determine the contents of furmarid acid and isofraxidin in 330 samples of S. glabra which were collected respectively from 21 different provenances.

RESULTThere were significant differences in the contents of isofraxidin and furmarid acid in S. glabra from different provenances. The contents of isofraxidin and furmarid acid dropped off from low altitude to high altitude, which were also close with longitude and latitude. The content of isofraxidin in S. glabra at central area of natural distribution was the highest. The different parts of the plant had different results, the influence on the contents of the acitive components in stem were more obvious than the leaf.

CONCLUSIONThis simple, accurate and reproducible method could be use to determine the contents of furmarid acid and isofraxidin in S. glabra. The results represented the status of medicines quality and difference of Chinese S. glabra. These agreed with the traditional views that the medicines quality of Sarcandra glabra in Jiangxi, Fujian, Zhejiang was better. These provenances were considered as important areas of medicines breeding and bases building on S. glabra in future.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Coumarins ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Fumarates ; chemistry ; Magnoliopsida ; chemistry ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; Reproducibility of Results

OBJECTIVETo screen effectual fungicides for field control because of the seriousness of opium poppy mildew and importance of chemical control on plant diseases.

METHODSeven fungicides were screened in Lab experiment and field test during 1996-1997.

RESULT AND CONCLUSIONAll of them and their different dosages were effective to control conidia of Peronospora arborescens. Among them, 72.2% propamocarb of 1203 and 902.5 ppm were the most effective both in Lab experiment and field test with efficacy 79.91% and 79.33% respectively in field test, and the efficacy of other fungicides was over 50%. Seven fungicides tested can be used to control nonsystematic symptom of opium poppy mildew.

Carbamates ; pharmacology ; Fungicides, Industrial ; pharmacology ; Oomycetes ; drug effects ; pathogenicity ; Papaver ; microbiology ; Plant Diseases ; microbiology ; Plants, Medicinal ; microbiology

OBJECTIVETo determine the value of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to the diagnosis of chromosome abnormality in genetic diseases and prenatal diagnosis.

METHODSFISH was performed using appropriate probes, including alpha-satellite DNA probe, chromosome sequence specific probe and whole chromosome painting probe, to examine the blood samples from 36 patients who were suspected of having chromosome abnormality by conventional cytogenetics, and to examine the amniocytes from 45 pregnant women who were in need of prenatal diagnosis.

RESULTSAmong 36 patients, the following karyotypes 45, X; 45, X/46, XX; 45, X/46, Xr(X); 46, X, i(Xq); 47, XXY; 46, XX, t(4;7); 47, XYY; 47, XXX; 47, XXY, inv(7); 46, XY, inv(7); 47, XX, +21 were detected by FISH. Of the fetuses of the 45 pregnant women, two fetuses with chromosomal abnormalities were diagnosed by FISH; the karyotypes were 47, XX, +18 and 46, XY, der(15) t(Y;15) respectively.

CONCLUSIONFISH can precisely and rapidly detect the chromosome abnormalities. It is a complement to the conventional cytogenetics and can be widely used in the diagnosis of genetic diseases and prenatal diagnosis.

Adult ; Amniocentesis ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Female ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; methods ; Karyotyping ; Male ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; Sex Chromosome Aberrations ; Turner Syndrome ; diagnosis

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the analgesic effect of Corydalis yanhusuo on trigeminal neuropathic pain.in a rat model.

METHODRat model of trigeminal neuralgia pain were established by inducing chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the infraorbital branch of the trigeminal nerve (ION). The effect of Corydalis yanhusuo, a traditional Chinese medicine, in ameliorating the pain was tested. Western blotting was performed to investigate the change of cannabinoid CB1 receptors in the Vc the injury of the infraorbital branch of the trigeminal nerve (ION-CCI). CB1 receptor antagonist AM 251 was applied to observe its effect on the analgesic effect of Yanhusuo.

RESULTAdministration of dl-THP (2 mg/kg) intraperitoneally increased the response threshold and the cut-off threshold to the mechanical stimulation in ION-CCI rat models. ION-CCI induced an upregulation of cannabinoid CB1 receptors within the ipsilateral of Vc. The effect of Yanhusuo was antagonized by the application of AM 251.

CONCLUSIONThe analgesic effect of Yanhusuo involves the participation of CB1 receptors, suggesting that Yanhusuo may offer a useful therapeutic approach for trigeminal neuropathic pain.

Analgesics, Non-Narcotic ; therapeutic use ; Animals ; Corydalis ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Phytotherapy ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 ; drug effects ; Trigeminal Nerve Diseases ; drug therapy ; etiology