Thoracolumbar spine fracture often leads to severe pain, functional impairments, and neurological deficits, for which open reduction and internal fixation can effectively restore the spinal structural stability. Open decompression and reduction with internal fixation can help relieve spinal cord compression and improve spinal function in cases of concomitant cord injury. Although spinal stability can be restored through surgery, patients often face chronic pain and functional impairments postoperatively. A postoperative rehabilitation program is critical in optimizing therapeutic outcomes, reducing complications, and minimizing the risk of secondary injuries. However, current rehabilitation methods, such as physical therapy, functional training, and pain management, are confronted with problems in clinical practice, including significant variation in efficacy, poor patient adherence, and prolonged rehabilitation period. There is an urgent need for a unified rehabilitation strategy to address these problems. To this end, the Spinal Trauma Group of the Orthopedic Physicians Branch of the Chinese Medical Association and the Spine Health Professional Committee of the Chinese Human Health Technology Promotion Association organized experts from relevant fields to formulate Evidence-based guidelines for rehabilitation treatment after internal fixation of thoracolumbar spine fracture in adults ( version 2025) by integrating evidences from clinical researches and advanced rehabilitation concepts at home and abroad. A total number of 14 recommendations concerning the rehabilitation treatment with multimodal analgesia, psychological intervention, deep vein thrombosis prevention, core muscle and extremity exercise, appropriate use of braces, early weight-bearing, device-aided rehabilitation exercise, neuroregulatory therapy, rehabilitation team were put forward, aiming to standardize the post-operative rehabilitation process following internal fixation, promote the functional recovery, and enhance patients′ quality of life.

Acute symptomatic osteoporotic thoracolumbar compression fracture (ASOTLF) can lead to chronic low back pain, kyphosis deformity, pulmonary dysfunction, loss of mobility, and even life-threatening complications. Vertebral augmentation is currently the mainstream treatment method for this condition. In 2019, the Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Trauma and the Spinal Trauma Group of Orthopedic Surgeons Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association collaboratively led the development of Clinical guideline for vertebral augmentation for acute symptomatic osteoporotic thoracolumbar compression fractures. Six years later, with advances in clinical diagnosis and treatment techniques as well as accumulating evidence in related fields, the 2019 guideline requires updating. To this end, the Spinal Trauma Group of Orthopedic Surgeons Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association, the Spinal Health Professional Committee of China Human Health Science and Technology Promotion Association, and the Minimally Invasive Orthopedics Professional Committee of Shaanxi Medical Doctor Association have organized experts in the field to develop the Clinical guideline for vertebral augmentation of acute symptomatic osteoporotic thoracolumbar compression fractures ( version 2025) , based on the latest evidence-based medical researches. This guideline incorporates 3 recommendations retained from the 2019 version with updated strength of evidence, along with 12 new recommendations. It provides recommendations from six aspects of diagnosis, pain management, treatment option selection, prevention of postoperative complications, anti-osteoporosis therapy, and postoperative rehabilitation, aiming to provide a reference for standard treatment of vertebral augmentation for ASOTLF in hospitals at all levels.

Thoracolumbar spine fracture often leads to severe pain, functional impairments, and neurological deficits, for which open reduction and internal fixation can effectively restore the spinal structural stability. Open decompression and reduction with internal fixation can help relieve spinal cord compression and improve spinal function in cases of concomitant cord injury. Although spinal stability can be restored through surgery, patients often face chronic pain and functional impairments postoperatively. A postoperative rehabilitation program is critical in optimizing therapeutic outcomes, reducing complications, and minimizing the risk of secondary injuries. However, current rehabilitation methods, such as physical therapy, functional training, and pain management, are confronted with problems in clinical practice, including significant variation in efficacy, poor patient adherence, and prolonged rehabilitation period. There is an urgent need for a unified rehabilitation strategy to address these problems. To this end, the Spinal Trauma Group of the Orthopedic Physicians Branch of the Chinese Medical Association and the Spine Health Professional Committee of the Chinese Human Health Technology Promotion Association organized experts from relevant fields to formulate Evidence-based guidelines for rehabilitation treatment after internal fixation of thoracolumbar spine fracture in adults ( version 2025) by integrating evidences from clinical researches and advanced rehabilitation concepts at home and abroad. A total number of 14 recommendations concerning the rehabilitation treatment with multimodal analgesia, psychological intervention, deep vein thrombosis prevention, core muscle and extremity exercise, appropriate use of braces, early weight-bearing, device-aided rehabilitation exercise, neuroregulatory therapy, rehabilitation team were put forward, aiming to standardize the post-operative rehabilitation process following internal fixation, promote the functional recovery, and enhance patients′ quality of life.

Acute symptomatic osteoporotic thoracolumbar compression fracture (ASOTLF) can lead to chronic low back pain, kyphosis deformity, pulmonary dysfunction, loss of mobility, and even life-threatening complications. Vertebral augmentation is currently the mainstream treatment method for this condition. In 2019, the Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Trauma and the Spinal Trauma Group of Orthopedic Surgeons Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association collaboratively led the development of Clinical guideline for vertebral augmentation for acute symptomatic osteoporotic thoracolumbar compression fractures. Six years later, with advances in clinical diagnosis and treatment techniques as well as accumulating evidence in related fields, the 2019 guideline requires updating. To this end, the Spinal Trauma Group of Orthopedic Surgeons Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association, the Spinal Health Professional Committee of China Human Health Science and Technology Promotion Association, and the Minimally Invasive Orthopedics Professional Committee of Shaanxi Medical Doctor Association have organized experts in the field to develop the Clinical guideline for vertebral augmentation of acute symptomatic osteoporotic thoracolumbar compression fractures ( version 2025) , based on the latest evidence-based medical researches. This guideline incorporates 3 recommendations retained from the 2019 version with updated strength of evidence, along with 12 new recommendations. It provides recommendations from six aspects of diagnosis, pain management, treatment option selection, prevention of postoperative complications, anti-osteoporosis therapy, and postoperative rehabilitation, aiming to provide a reference for standard treatment of vertebral augmentation for ASOTLF in hospitals at all levels.

HBV/HCV dual infection is not uncommon, especially in highly endemic areas and among individuals at elevated risk of infection, because of the common transmission mode of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) and may be underestimated due to the presence of occult HBV infection. HBV/HCV dual infection is associated with more rapid progression to advanced severe liver disease, severely increased fibrosis or cirrhosis, liver decompensation, and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma, thus requiring effective antiviral treatment. However, the intracellular interaction between HBV and HCV has not been fully elucidated at present. This paper summarizes the recent research on HBV/HCV dual infection and the current status of treatment and emphasizes the aspects that need further clarification in order to provide a basis for exploring treatment strategies for dual infection.

HBV/HCV dual infection is not uncommon, especially in highly endemic areas and among individuals at elevated risk of infection, because of the common transmission mode of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) and may be underestimated due to the presence of occult HBV infection. HBV/HCV dual infection is associated with more rapid progression to advanced severe liver disease, severely increased fibrosis or cirrhosis, liver decompensation, and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma, thus requiring effective antiviral treatment. However, the intracellular interaction between HBV and HCV has not been fully elucidated at present. This paper summarizes the recent research on HBV/HCV dual infection and the current status of treatment and emphasizes the aspects that need further clarification in order to provide a basis for exploring treatment strategies for dual infection.

Objective:To investigate the value of preoperative MRI measurements of hamstring (semitendinosus+gracilis) tendon cross-sectional area in predicting intraoperative graft diameter for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR).Methods:A total of 265 preoperative MRI were retrospectively collected in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University from January 2013 to August 2020 for patients who underwent single-bundle ACLR of hamstring tendon. Patients were divided into a graft diameter≥8 mm group (129 patients) and a graft diameter<8 mm group (136 patients) according to intraoperative graft diameter. The cross-sectional areas of the semitendinosus and gracilis tendons were measured at the largest level of the femoral condyle on preoperative MRI cross-sectional images, and the two were summed to obtain the cross-sectional area of the hamstring tendon. The independent samples t-test was used to compare the differences in the cross-sectional area of each tendon between the graft diameter≥8 mm group and the graft diameter<8 mm group. The Spearman correlation analysis was used to assess the correlation between tendon cross-sectional area and intraoperative graft diameter. Multi-factor logistic regression analysis was used to screen the influence of tendon cross-sectional area on intraoperative graft diameter. The effectiveness of intraoperative graft diameter≥8 mm was assessed by plotting the receiver operating characteristic curves. Results:Intraoperative measurement of graft diameter was 7.5 (7.5, 8.0) mm. The cross-sectional area of the popliteal tendon was (21.4±4.6) mm 2 in the graft diameter≥8 mm group and (15.6±3.7) mm 2 in the graft diameter<8 mm group. Statistically significant differences were found in the cross-sectional areas of the semitendinosus, soleus and hamstring tendons between the graft diameter≥8 mm group and graft diameter<8 mm group ( t=-10.26, -10.29, -11.47, P<0.001). Intraoperative graft diameter was positively correlated with the cross-sectional area of the semitendinosus, gracilis, and hamstring, with correlation coefficients of 0.57 ( P<0.001), 0.58 ( P<0.001), and 0.62 ( P<0.001), respectively. Multi-factor logistic regression showed that popliteal tendon cross-sectional area was a predictor of intraoperative graft diameter (OR=1.45, 95%CI 1.32-1.59, P<0.001). The area under the curve for popliteal tendon cross-sectional area to predict intraoperative graft diameter≥8 mm was 0.838 (95%CI 0.792-0.885), with a critical value of 20.0 mm 2, a sensitivity of 0.581, and a specificity of 0.941. Conclusion:The measurement of the cross-sectional area of the hamstring muscle on preoperative MRI can predict the diameter of the autologous hamstring graft of ACLR.

A variety of full 2ʹ-F/OMe-modified siRNAs were designed and synthesized, and the activity against hepatocellular carcinoma Huh-7 and HepG2 cells was evaluated. K&A DNA/RNA H-8 synthesizer was used to synthesize siRNAs, and neutral cytidinyl lipid DNCA mixed with cationic lipid CLD were used to transfect siRNA. By RT-qPCR and CCK-8 assay, the target gene silence and the proliferation of Huh-7 and HepG2 cells were detected. The siRNAs loading into Ago2 protein was detected by RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation. Drug uptake and cell apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry, and the expression of PLK1 protein was detected by Western blot. Partial full 2ʹ-F/OMe modified siRNAs, especial siPLK1A3, increased the uptake of Huh-7 cells, enhanced their binding to Ago2 and gene silencing activity, down-regulated PLK1 protein, as well as induced more Huh-7 cell apoptosis and proliferation inhibition activity. It provides important data for the development of novel siRNA modification patterns and anti-HCC formulations.

Osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF) can lead to lower back pain and may be even accompanied by scoliosis, neurological dysfunction and other complications, which will affect the daily activities and life quality of patients. Vertebral augmentation is an effective treatment method for OVCF, but it cannot correct unbalance of bone metabolism or improve the osteoporotic status, causing complications like lower back pain, limited spinal activities and vertebral refracture. The post-operative systematic and standardized rehabilitation treatments can improve curative effect and therapeutic efficacy of anti-osteoporosis, reduce risk of vertebral refracture, increase patient compliance and improve quality of life. Since there still lack relevant clinical treatment guidelines for postoperative rehabilitation treatments following vertebral augmentation for OVCF, the current treatments are varied with uneven therapeutic effect. In order to standardize the postoperative rehabilitation treatment, the Spine Trauma Group of the Orthopedic Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association organized relevant experts to refer to relevant literature and develop the "Guideline for postoperative rehabilitation treatment following vertebral augmentation for osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (2022 version)" based on the clinical guidelines published by the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons (AAOS) as well as on the principles of scientificity, practicality and advancement. The guideline provided evidence-based recommendations on 10 important issues related to postoperative rehabilitation treatments of OVCF.