Acute Disease ; Asthma ; drug therapy ; Bronchodilator Agents ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Male ; Theophylline ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To investigate the use of the minimizing picture archiving and communication system (mini PACS) in practical work and to realize the advent of filmless radiology Methods A PC based ethernet was set up The medical imaging equipments including CT, MR, digital fluoroscopy, DSA, and a laser camera were combined with the ethernet, and the digital imaging network (DIN) was integrated with the medical diagnostic imaging system (MDIS) In this way, the radiology information system (RIS) was established Through one of the PC workstations with a double network card, this RIS was connected to the hospital information system (HIS) Results The mini PACS has been repeatedly used for more than 2 years The system in Radiology department has been established and improved With the present digital imaging system, such functions as the acquiring, storing, transmitting, printing, and browsing of digital images have been put into practice, all in accordance with the manners of the digital imaging communication in medicine 3 0 (DICOM 3 0) Digital imaging and diagnostic reports were managed through Microsoft Access database Images may be kept on line in different kinds of equipment for 3-6 months All images have been recorded on CD R disks, so as to be kept off line permanently So far, over 32 700 reports have been stored in the database From mini PACS HIS terminals images and diagnostic information may be acquired on a limited scale Conclusion mini PACS needs only a low cost of investment and operation Its maintenance is simple and its performance is efficient The main functions of the PACS can mostly be achieved There lies a bright prospect for its use in small and medium hospitals

BACKGROUND: It has been demonstrated that pedicle screw internal fixation influencing factors involve screw structural morphology, thread parameter, bone density, moment size for tightening screw during operation, and depth of screw placement. There is little known about the correlation of pullout strength of spinal pedicle screw with device for transverse traction to extraversion angle. OBJECTIVE: To assess effect of the spinal pedicle screw with device for transverse traction on pullout strength at different extraversion angles. DESIGN: Repeated measurement. SETTING: Center for Bone Joint, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. PARTICIPANTS: This study was performed at Laboratory for Material Mechanics, Hehai University between June and November 2003. A total of 18 adult dried lumbar vertebrae (L1-5) were provided by Department of Anatomy, Nanjing Medical University, and recruited for this study. The protocol was approved by the hospital's Ethics Committee. The pedicle screw was made of stainless steel. Each pedicle screw had a diameter of 5.5 nun, total length of 150 nun (thread part 50 into included), and the same thread parameter. Electrical universal material machine (EW type) was provided by Laboratory for Material Mechanics of Hehai University. METHODS: Bone density was measured with a single photon bone density determinator. According to the bone density, the lumbar vertebrae were numbered and randomly divided into 3 groups with 6 lumbar vertebrae in each: extraversion angle 5 ° group, extraversion angle 15° group, and extraversion angle 30° group. ① Installation of pedicle screw and clamping apparatus: According to Wein-Stein method, one entry-point was selected at each side of lumbar vertebra, and at the sametime, extraversion angle 5°, 15° ,and 30° were respectively defined for extraversion angle 5° , 15° ,and 30° groups. A 50 mm-depth pinhole was drilled with a drill bit with a diameter of 3.0 nun. Pedicle screw was screwed into 50 nun, and its end part was connected to the device for transverse traction. Spinal vertebrae and the device for transverse traction were fixed with a specially made clamping apparatus. ② Determination of pullout strength and observation of pedicle and vertebral injury: Spinal vertebrae, on which pedicle screw and device for transverse traction were installed, was placed on a EW electrical universal material machine together with clamping apparatus for determining the pullout strength of pedicle screw. Sensor was connected to a computer to draw strength-displacement curve. The wave crest of the curve was considered the maximum pullout strength. At the same time, injuries to pedicle and vertebra caused by pullout of pedicle screw were observed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Pullout strength and injuries to pedicle and vertebra. RESULTS:①The mean maximum pullout strength of pedicle screw was respectively 0.878 167, 1.420 333, and 2.154 167 KN for extraversion angle 5° , 15 ° , and 30° groups. There was significant difference among the 3 groups (F = 12.554 22, P < 0.01). ② In the extraversion angle 5° group, 4 patients presented with cortical bone fracture which occurred at the entrance for pedicle screw, and 2 patients presented with fragmentation of junctional zone between pedicle and vertebral posterior edge; In the extraversion angle 15° group, 1 patient presented with cortical bone fracture which occurred at the entrance for pedicle screw, 4 patients presented with fragmentation of junctional zone between pedicle and vertebral posterior edge, and 1 patient presented with vertebral posterior coronal fragmentation; In the extraversion angle 30° group, 1 patient presented with cortical bone fracture which occurred at the entrance for pedicle screw, 2 patients presented with fragmentation of junctional zone between pedicle and vertebral posterior edge, and 3 patients presented with vertebral posterior coronal fragmentation. There was statistical significance in the intergroup rank-sum test (P < 0.01).CONCLUSION: During application of pedicle screw with device for transverse traction, proper accrescence of extraversion angle can increase pullout strength of the screw and enhance fixative strength, and excessive extraversion angle easily injures vertebra.

To obtain the caries experience and, plaque accumulation severity and pit and fissure morphology in first permanent molars in 7-8 children in Wuhan, as a reasonable prediction of caries risk and preventive attention in the future, a convenient sample of five primary schools in the vicinity of the Wuhan University School and Hospital of Stomatology was drawn. Two calibrated examiners orally examined all present grade 2 children in the classroom, using standard caries plaque and tooth morphology criteria. Dental caries was scored at enamel (D(2)) and dentine (D(3)) for tooth and surface level. Independent variables were age, gender and school. Data analysis used analysis of variance and t-test. The sample comprised 1 043 7- and 8-year-olds. The prevalence of dental caries in permanent dentition was 8.7% and in primary dentition, 68.7%. Mean Decayed, Missing, Filled Teeth/S (DMFT/S) scores were 0.11 and 0.14, respectively. Mean dmft/s scores were 2.8 and 5.0. The d-component constituted 75% of the d(3)mft index, while enamel carious lesions constituted 36% of the total number of carious lesions (d(2,3)-component). Prevalence of medium and deep pits and fissures was 84.6%. Prevalence of medium and severe plaque accumulation was 67.4%. Prevalence of dental caries in the deciduous and permanent dentitions of 7- to 8-year-old children was high. Deep pits and fissures in high caries risk children should be sealed.
Child ; China ; epidemiology ; DMF Index ; Dental Caries ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Dental Enamel ; pathology ; Dental Fissures ; pathology ; Dental Plaque Index ; Dentin ; pathology ; Dentition, Permanent ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Molar ; pathology ; Prevalence ; Tooth, Deciduous

Objective:To observe the repair effect of nano hydroxyapatite/magnesium(nHA-Mg)porous composite material modified by poly lactic acid/glycolic acid copolymer(PLGA) on the jaw bone defect of rabbits,and to elucidate the mechanisms preliminary.Methods:The mandibular defect models of 10 mm×5 mm×1 mm in the 18 rabbits were established.Nine rabbits were selected and implanted with nHA-Mg composite materials modified by PLGA in the left as experimental group and the right as blank control group;the other nine were implanted with nHA-Mg in the left as positive control group and the right as blank control group.The rabbits were sacrificed at 4, 8, 12 weeks (respectively 3 of experimental group and positive control group every time)and the mandibular defect areas were intercepted and observed by imaging and histological examination;the sizes of the newborn trabecula area and residual materials in experimental group and positive control group were compared.Results:Compared with positive control group and blank control group, the percentage of newborn trabecula area of the rabbits in experimental group was increased (P<0.05),and there was no statistic difference between positive control group and blank control group (P>0.05).The imaging results showed that the new bone formation can be observed in experimental group and better than positive control group and blank control group.The paraffin section results indicated that there were visible vascular tissue and newborn trabecula,the osteoblasts gathered around the bone trabecula;a lot of pits were located in the bone trabecula, and the pits contained osteocytes in experimental group.As the prolongation of time,thickened newborn trabecula, dense arrangement and trend of converting to lamellar bone were observed in experimental group.The hard tissue section results showed that the remaining amount of materials in experimental group was more than that in positive control group.Conclusion:nHA-Mg porous composite materials modified by PLGA can effectively reduce the rate of degradation in the body, promote osteogenesis and guide the bone regeneration.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expressions of the stem cell antigen-1 (Sca-1), Mucin1 (Muc1) and CD24 in quiescent mammary glands of female rats.

METHODSThe expressions of CD24 and Sca-1 were detected in 6- and 9-week-old female rat mammary gland by Western blotting. Sections (4 microm) of 6- and 9-week-old female SD rat mammary gland were prepared to observe the expressions of Sca-1, Muc1 and CD24 by immunohistochemical labeling and immunofluorescence labeling.

RESULTSCD24 and Sca-1 in the mammary glands were expressed at lower level in 6-week-old female rats than in 9-week-old female rats. Sca-1 expression was detected in the mammary gland ductus, branching ductus, and areas surrounding the gland alveolus; CD24 was expressed in the mammary gland branching ductus and fat pads, and also the regions surrounding the gland alveolus. Muc1 expression was localized in the mammary gland ductus and branching ductus.

CONCLUSIONSSca-1-, CD24- and Muc1-positive cells may represent mammary gland progenitor cells, mammary gland stem cells, and mammary gland mature epithelium cells, respectively. This study provides some morphological evidences for identifying these cells, but they still need further verifications in cellular transplantation experiments.

Animals ; Ataxin-1 ; Ataxins ; CD24 Antigen ; metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Mammary Glands, Animal ; metabolism ; Mucin-1 ; metabolism ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; metabolism ; Nuclear Proteins ; metabolism ; Rats

OBJECTIVETo study possible mechanisms of Shangjuxu (ST37) and the large intestine.

METHODSTotally 40 SD rats were selected. The distension of end colon was used as injured afferent stimulus. Activities of locus coeruleus (LC) neurons were recorded by extracellular microelectrode technique. Shangjuxu (ST37) and Hegu (L14) were needled to observe general features of discharge reactions, distention of colon induced discharge reactions of LC, and its effects on distention of colon induced discharge reactions of LC.

RESULTSDistention of colon could induce incrased discharge of LC neurons by 127.33% ± 45.48%. But needling at Shangjuxu (ST37) and Hegu (L14) could inhibit this injured response by 38.24% ± 7.69% and 21.29% ± 13.16% respectively (all P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSNeedling at Shangjuxu (ST37) and afferent signals of colon distension converged and interacted with each other. Needling at Shangjuxu (ST37) could significantly inhibit colon distension induced discharge of LC neurons, which might be one of mechanisms for Shangjuxu (ST37) and the large intestine relationship.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Animals ; Colon ; Intestine, Large ; Locus Coeruleus ; physiology ; Neurons ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To explore the application value of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment for refractoriness pneumonia in children.Methods Sixty-two cases of refractoriness pneumonia who had not been cured with normal anti-infective therapy for 2 weeks in Guiyang Children′s Hospital from Jun.2005 to Jun.2009 were selected.Fiberopic bronchoscopy Olympus BF-3C30 or BF-P40 examination was applied after routine local infiltration anesthesia to diagnose and local treat refractoriness pneumonia in 62 children.Results There were 27 cases(43%) of simple inflammation,20 cases(32%) of foreign bodies with concurrent infection,7 cases(11%) of dndobronchial tuberculosis,4 cases(6%) of dysplasia with concurrent infection,2 cases(3%) of bronchiectasis,and 2 cases(3%) of pulmonary hemosiderosis,among them,dysplasia were diagnosed on children under 1 year old,foreign bodies with infection on 1-3 years old,and tuberculosis and bronchiectasis on school age.Eleven cases(40%) of simple inflammation were identified various pathogen by bronchoalveolar la-vage fluid culture,mycoplasma PCR test and bronchial brushing and microscopic examination.Forty-seven cases of bronchi obstruction and stenosis caused by inflammation were irrigated and treated by drug and achieved satisfactory,among them,15 cases(79%) of pulmonary atelectasis were recovered with the treatment of fiberoptic bronchoscopy within 2 weeks,14 cases(70%) of foreign bodies were succeed in taking choked thing from bronchus with fiberoptic bronchoscopy.Conclusion The fiberoptic bronchoscopy play an important role in the etiological diagnosis and therapy of refractoriness pneumonia in children.

Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Singapore

Three bactreiophages of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated from sewage and named as PaP1, PaP2 and PaP3. All belong to double-strand DNA phages, their genome is about 47kb, 34kb and 24kb respectively. The titre (pfu/mL) of three phages is respectively 109, 1011 and 1011, PaP1 is lytic phage, both PaP2 and PaP3 are lysogenic. Under electron microscope, All show icosahedral heads with diameter of 70nm, 55nm and 65nm respectively. PaPl belongs taxonomically to Myoviridae, and both of PaP2 and PaP3 belong to Pedoviridae. The phage-re-sistance and substitution phenomenon of the resistant flora for the sensitive were observed, and the mutation frequence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistant to the phage is about 1.4 ? 10-7 ~ 7.9 ?10-7 determined by end-point -titer method.