The connotations of "du-fu" and "Sanli" in "Sanli acupoint for du-fu diseases" are discussed in this paper, which can provide theoretical foundation for the clinical application of "Sanli acupoint for du-fu diseases". Based on ancient literature combined with related theories in the Huangdi Neijing (Yellow Emperor's Canon of Internal Classic), a deep discussion is performed through the relationship between Zusanli (ST 36) and stomach, indication and mechanism of Zusanli (ST 36) on du-fu diseases and comparison between Zusanli (ST 36) and Shousanli (LI 10). It is believed that "du" should be pronounced as "dŭ", meaning stomach, and it indicates that Zusanli (ST 36) is closely related to stomach and spleen when it is used for du-fu diseases; "fu" means abdomen area, including liver-gallbladder, spleen, stomach-intestine, kidney, uterus, triple energizer; "sanli' means exclusively the acupoint of Zusanli (ST 36).
Abdominal Cavity ; anatomy & histology ; Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; history ; Books ; history ; China ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Medicine in Literature ; Meridians

Objective To set up the molecular cytobiological model of endogenous coagulation factor Ⅷ (FⅧ) re-expressing in human liver cells L02,and to study the regulation pathway and molecular basis of the re-expression of FⅧ in L02 cells activated by NO signal.Methods The L02 cells at logarithm growth phase were selected and randomly divided into blank control group and experimental group, inhibitor group and inhibitor control group;they were cultured for 0,12,24,36,48,and 60 h.Flow cytometry was used to detect the expression of human FⅧ protein in L02 cells after treated for 48 h.Griess experiment was performed to detect the levels of NO in L02 cells at different time points;the transcription levels of human FⅧ gene,iNOS gene,NF-κB1 gene and I-κB alpha gene were detected by RT-PCR method.Western blotting method was used to detect the expression levels of human phosphorylated I-kappaB (phosphorylated I-κB)in L02 cells.Results The results of flow cytometry showed that the expression of human L02 FⅧ protein was found after treated with L-arginine for 48 h. The Griess results showed that the levels of NO in L02 cells in experimental group were significantly increased at 3,6,12,and 24 h (P<0.05)and the levels of NO in blank control group,inhibitor group and inhibitor control group had no changes. The RT-PCR results showed that the transcription of human FⅧ mRNA in L02 cells was found in experimental group,but there was no transcription of human FⅧ mRNA in blank control group,inhibitor group and inhibitor control group;the transcription levels of iNOS,NF-κB1 and I-κB alphain experiment group were increased(P<0.05)and the transcription levels of these genes in blank control group,inhibitor group and inhibitor control group had no changes. The Western blotting results showed that after adding L-arginine the expression level of phosphorylated I-κB was significantly increased (P < 0.05 ), other groups had no such change. Conclusion L-arginine can activate the phosphorylation of I-κB by NO signal pathway to lead to the changes in the expression of human FⅧ gene promoter upstream regulatory-related transcription factors NF-κB to activate the expression of human FⅧ in human liver cells L02.

Objective To understand the therapeutic effect of clindamycin combined with compound sulfamethoxazole tablets on pneumocystis pneumonia(PCP)associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).Methods 97 AIDS patients with PCP in a hospital from January 2014 to March 2015 were randomly divided into control group (n=49,received compound sulfamethoxazole )and trial group(n=48,received clindamycin on the basis of com-pound sulfamethoxazole ),levels of partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood (PaO2 ),arterial blood oxygen satu-ration(SaO2 ),serum albumin(ALB),and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH)in two groups of patients before and after treatment were recorded.Results Levels of PaO2 ,SaO2 ,ALB,and LDH between two groups of patients before treatment was not significantly different(all P >0.05).After treatment,PaO2 in control group and trial group were (73.01 ±4.62)mmHg and(84.92 ±5.34)mmHg respectively,SaO2 were (75.81 ±4.28)% and(90.86 ±5.94)%respectively,ALB were (32.62±4.41 )g/L and(43.95 ±5.03)g/L respectively,LDH were(416.53 ±30.77)U/L and(331 .58±20.86)U/L respectively,levels of PaO2 and SaO2 in trial group were both higher than control group , difference in ALB and LDH between two groups of patients after treatment were both statistically significant(both P <0.05).The total effective rate of trial group was 89.58% (n=43),which was higher than 69.39%(n=34)in control group (χ2 =6.04,P =0.014).Conclusion Clindamycin combined with compound sulfamethoxazole tablets has good therapeutic effect on AIDS and PCP,which is worthy of clinical popularization and application.

Objective;To explore the regulative effect of perceived social support between personality and mental health.Methods;With Perceived Social Support Scale,NEO Five Factor Inventory and General Health Questionnaire-GHQ 20,1800 college students from 9 Hunan colleges and universities were inverstigated.Results;①Significant positive correlation existed between the factors of GHQ-20 and NEO-N,while significant negative correlation between the factors of GHQ-20 and NEO-E,NEO-C and all factors of perceived social support;perceived social support and its factors had significant negative correlation with NEO-N,while significant positive correlation with NEO-E and NEO-C.②There was significant interaction effects between perceived social support and personality existing in mental health.Conclusion;Students' perceived social support play a regulative role between personality and mental health.

Objective To investigate the regulatory effects of IFN-γon Treg cells from HIV/AIDS patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for one year.Methods Thirty HIV/A1DS patients whose CD4+T cells were below 350/μ1 were recruited for HAART therapy.Blood samples were collected at the time points of 0,24,48 weeks after HAART.PBMCs were isolated and randomly divided into two culture groups.One group was cultured directly in medium and another group was co-cultured with IFN-γ (40 pg/ml).The supernatants and cells were separated after 5 days of culture for analysis.The concentrations of IL-12 and CD4+CD25+Foxp3 Treg cells were measured by ELISA and flow cytometry,respectively.Results The levels of IL-12 in the supernatants from the culture without IFN-γ at time points of 0,24,48 weeks after HAART were lower than those from the co-cultured group [(37.02±12.76) vs (41.79± 15.02),t=2.336,P=0.03; (41.76±17.01) vs (47.2±14.26),t=2.702,P=0.014; (48.01± 11.84) vs (53.44± 11.30),t =3.14,P =0.003].The percentages of CD4+ CD25 + Foxp3 Treg cells in CD4+ T cells from the direct-cultured group were higher than those from the co-cultured group at the three time points [(10.41±1.10)％ vs (2.40±1.11)％,t=13.89,P=0.000; (8.33±2.03)％ vs (1.99± 0.86)％,t=12.93,P=0.000; (5.65±1.55)％ vs (1.32±0.73)％,t=10.61,P=0.000].Moreover,the results within the same group at the time points of 0,24,48 weeks upon HAART were also significantly different.Conclusion With the interference of HAART,IL-12 levels were increased,while CD4+CD25+ Foxp3 Treg cells were decreased in patients with HIV/AIDS.IFN-γ plays an important role in this process.

Background:The prevalence rate of diabetes mellitus ( DM ) associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease ( GERD)is increasing recently,and the relationship between DM and GERD has become a research hotspot. Aims:To study clinical features and influential factors of therapeutic efficacy of reflux esophagitis( RE)in elderly patients with type 2 DM(T2DM). Methods:Two hundred elderly patients with RE diagnosed by gastroscopy from March 2011 to October 2013 were enrolled,and divided into T2DM associated with RE( T2DM)group and RE group. The clinical features, endoscopic findings and therapeutic efficacy of the two groups were analyzed,and the influences of DM course and control of blood glucose on efficacy of RE were also analyzed. Results:The main manifestations of RE were extraesophageal symptoms,typical esophageal symptoms were less common. The overall efficacy rate decreased with the increase of endoscopic grade of RE,however,extraesophageal symptoms improved significantly. With the prolonging of DM course,the endoscopic grade of RE was increased,and the control of blood glucose was worse. The overall therapeutic efficacy was significantly reduced with the prolonging of DM course in patients with well controlled blood glucose. Conclusions:Extraesophageal symptoms are common,endoscopic grade of RE is worse and blood glucose is difficult to control in elderly T2DM patients associated with RE. DM course and status of blood glucose control have influences on the therapeutic efficacy of RE.

Objective To explore the effects and mechanism of bexarotene in combination with tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) on apoptosis of leukemic cell line KG1a. Methods KG1a cells at logarithmic growth phase were obtained, and were divided into TRAIL group, bexarotene group, 300 ng/mL TRAIL in combination with bexarotene group and 2.0 μmol/L bexaroten in combination with TRAIL group. Cell apoptosis rate was detected in each group by flow cytometry. Flow cytometry was also employed to determine the apoptosis rates of KG1a cells after treatment with bexarotene and TRAIL in different sequences. The expression of Fas associated death domain-like IL-1 beta converting enzyme inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) was detected by Western blotting. Results There was no significant difference in cell apoptosis rates between TRAIL group and bexarotene group of each concentration (except for bexarotene 2.0 μmol/L) (P > 0.05). The cell apoptosis rates of 300 ng/mL TRAIL in combination with bexarotene group and 2.0 μmol/L bexaroten in combination with TRAIL group were significantly higher than those in TRAIL group and bexarotene group of each corresponding concentration (P <0.01). Sequential analysis revealed that bexarotene could reverse the resistance of KG1a cells to TRAIL (P < 0.001). Compared with single use of 2.0 μmol/L bexarotene or 300 ng/mL TRAIL, combination use could significantly down-regulated the expression of c-FLIP (P < 0.05). Conclusion Bexarotene can significantly enhance the apoptosis of KG1a cells induced by TRAIL, which may be attributed to the down-regulation of c-FLIP expression.

Objective To investigate the clinical phenotype, genotype and ultrastructural features in a pedigree with autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis. Methods Patients were examined for clinical manifestation. PCR was carried out to amplify all the 15 exons and adjacent splice sites of TGM1 gene followed by bidirectional sequencing. Skin samples were taken by biopsy from the back of the proband, fixed in 3% glu-taraldehyde for transmission electron microscopy. Results The proband presented an intermediate clinical phenotype between lamellar ichthyosis (LI) and non-bullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma (NCIE), while his brother manifested as a collodion baby. A C551T heterozygous mutation which located in the third exon of TGM1 gene and resulted in a substitution of arginine by cysteine at codon 143 (R143C), was detected in the proband, his brother and father. Meanwhile, another heterozygous C-to-T transition at position 759 causing a substitution of serine by phenylalanine at codon 212 (S212F), was noted in the proband, his brother and mother. Electron microscopy revealed not only features of ichthyosis congenital type Ⅲ but also those of ichthyosis congenital type Ⅱ in lesions of the proband. Conclusions The patients in this pedigree carry compound heterozygous mutations, i.e. R143C, a hot missense mutation, as well as a de novo mutation S212F. The proband, who harbors mutations in the TGM1 gene, shows electron microscopic features characteristic not only of ichthyosis congenital type Ⅱ but also of ichthyosis congenital type Ⅲ.

Objective To retrospectively review the PET/CT imaging features of sarcoidosis and improve the diagnostic accuracy of this benign disease.Methods The PET/CT imaging characteristics and clinical data, including lesion size, distribution, standardized uptake value (SUV) and the ratio of misdiagnosis, of 11 sarcoidosis patients (5 confirmed pathologically and 6 clinically) were retrospectively analyzed.Results (1) Eleven patients had lymph node involvement:mediastinum and hilar lymphadenopathy in 11/11, supraclavicular fossa lymphadenopathy in 8/11, retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy in 8/11, pelvic cavity lymphadenopathy in 3/11.(2) Extrathoracic lesions were found in 7/11 with 4 lung involvement, 2 liver involvement, 1 parotid gland and temporalis involvement and 1 bilateral iliac and sacral bone involvement.(3) The size of the lesions ranged from 1.0 to 4.6 cm and the CT density ranged from 30 to 40 HU.The lesions in the lung are hypodense and in the liver are slightly hypo-or iso-dense.18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake of all lesions was definitely increased in 6 cases; 18F-FDG uptake of some lesions was moderately or definitely increased in 2 cases, and slightly increased uptake in 3 cases.(4) The PET/CT diagnosis was consistent with the final diagnosis in 6/11.The 5 cases of misdiagnosis were malignant lymphoma (4/11) and lung cancer ( 1/11 ).Conclusions Differentiation between sarcoidosis and lymphoma in patients presenting with hilar lynphadenopathy can be difficult.Whole-body PET/CT may be helpful in the differentiation of the two diseases.

Objective To study the activated status of insula during the performance of word generation task, and to explore the function of different part of insula with functional MRI (fMRI). Methods Twenty-eight subjects were recruited in this study (male 15, female 13), all of them underwent block-designed fMRI with word generation tasks and resting-state scan. SPM 5 and REST 1.3 were used to process the data. Bilateral anterior insula and posterior insula were selected as seeds to calculate the connectivity coefficiency with other voxels, and differences between the anterior and the posterior insula were compared. Results Bilateral anterior insula was significantly activated, while bilateral posterior insula was significantly deactivated. The functional connectivity areas with left anterior insula included right anterior insula, right posterior insula, supplementary motor area (SMA), left superior temporal gyrus, left middle frontal gyrus, left superior frontal gyrus, left inferior parietal lobe, middle cingulate gyrus, right striatum and right inferior frontal gyrus. The functional connectivity areas with left posterior insula included right posterior insula, left anterior insula, right superior temporal gyrus, middle cingulate gyrus, right precentral gyrus and right striatum. The functional connectivity areas with right anterior insula included SMA, left inferior frontal gyrus, right inferior parietal lobe, left inferior parietal lobe, left superior temporal gyrus, right precentral gyrus, right striatum, middle cingulate gyrus, left middle frontal gyrus, left striatum, right middle frontal gyrus, right inferior frontal gyrus and left transverse temporal gyrus. The functional connectivity areas with right posterior insula included right precentral gyrus, left superior temporal gyrus, left anterior insula, left posterior insula, right supramarginal gyrus and middle cingulate gyrus. Conclusion Anterior insula and posterior insula are functionally connected with different areas, and concerned with the language function in different manners. Left lateral anterior insula may play an important role in the language function.