OBJECTIVE:To improve the system of management and maintenance for the purification air-conditioning system in PIVAS,and to further strengthen the management of cleaning environment. METHODS:The cleanness monitoring project of purifi-cation air-conditioning system in PIVAS of our hospital was introduced in terms of temperature and humidity record,pressure differ-ence record,airborne particles detection,settling microbe monitoring report. And the monitoring results were analyzed. RESULTS:The temperature and humidity,pressure difference of clean area in PIVAS of our hospital are both in line with the standard of Phar-macy Intravenous Admixture Quality Management Specification (2010 edition),i.e. temperature at 18-26 ℃,relative humidity of 40%-65%;negative pressure difference between antibiotics,hazardous drug dispensing area and second dressing room are 5-10 Pa. The number of airborne particles (average static particle/m3) at various cleanness degrees in clean area are all in line with the standard of GMP(2010 edition),i.e. maximal allowable number of airborne particles(≥0.5 μm)were 3 520/m3(100 degree);352 000/m3 (10 000 degree);3 520 000/m3 (100 000 degree). The percentage of qualified static settling microbe detection reach 100%in clean area,which is in line with the standard of Settling Microbe Detection Method in Clean Room(Area) of Pharmaceu-tical Industry,i.e. criteria for settling microbe(90 mm)CFU/0.5 h≤1(100 degree);≤3(10 000 degree);≤10(100 000 degree). The percentage of qualified dynamic settling microbe detection is in low level,especially those of dispensing room and secondary dressing room only reaches 80%. CONCLUSIONS:It’s important for effective hospital infection control in PIVAS,the quality im-provement of intravenous injection,the safety guarantee of drug use in patients to further improve standard operation procedure of purification air-conditioning system management and maintenance,and manage and maintain the purification air-conditioning sys-tem completely and scientifically.

Objective To explore the role of endogenous and exogenous β-glucuronidase( β-G) in the development of primary common duct stones.Method Using modified Fishman method to test the activities of the endogenous and exogenous β -G in 35 patients with primary common duct stones(experimental group) and 11 patients with cystic polypus (control group) respectively.Results The activities of endogenous β -G in the bile of experimental group and control group were (7859.1 ± 738.5 ),(2174.9 ± 348.4 ) U/L(P ＜0.01).While the activities of exogenous β-G in experimental group and control group were (6786.1 ±544.3),(1504.7 ±655.7) U/L (P ＜0.01).In experimental group,there were significant statistical differences in the activities of the exogenous β -G in the sample obtained on the day of operation and 7 days after operation from 13 cases with the acute inflammation [(8935.7 ± 845.9),(2176.1 ± 956.7) U/L]and from 22 cases with the chronic inflammation [(5137.2 ±540.7),(1838.8 ±733.3) U/L],and there were significant higher in the activities of the exogenous β -G in the sample obtained on the day of operation from the acute inflammation compared to those from the chronic inflammation (P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions There is obvious correlation between either endogenous or exogenous β -G with primary common duct stones.And the endogenous β -G might be one of the fundamental cause in the development of primary common duct stones.

Objective To analyze retrospectively the clinical characteristics, pathogeny and therapy of traumatic interhemispheric subdural hematoma (ISH). Methods 31 ISH cases admitted since 1996 were reviewed and analyzed retrospectively concerning the clinical characteristics and therapies. Typically,ISH manifested itself with hemiplegia or monoplegia in the contralateral lower limb, called the falx syndrome, and unconsciousness was infrequent at the initial stage of the head injury. The pathogeny of ISH involved cracks of the bridging vein, hematomas in the interhemispheric small arteries and veins and probably coagulation dysfunction or anticoagulant therapy. Results In all 31 patients, 29 were cured and 2 died ofmultisystem organ failure (MSOF) and cerebral hernia respectively. The follow-up revealed that 6 cured patients developed interhemispheric subdural effusion. Conclusion CT scanning showing the interhemispheric hematoma exceeds 20 mL, or the interhemispheric hematoma is thicker than 1 cm can be referential to the diagnosis of ISH. For the ISH treatment, surgery and conservative management are suggested based on the functional disturbance or the stability of the disease. Patients with progressive neurologic deterioration should be operated without delay.

Objective To explore the activated brain region of acute epilepsy in cat model induced by pentylenetetrazol(FFZ)with manganese enhanced-functional MR imaging(ME-fMRI),and evaluate the application of ME-fMRI on localization of the activated brain.Methods Forty cats were divided into 4 groups by random number table method as epileptic A and B groups as well as control A and B groups. Cats of epileptic groups were injected with PTZ(55 mg/kg)intramuscularly,and those of control groups were injected with the saline at same dose.The behavior change in the epileptic and control group A was observed and electroencephalogram(EEG)was also undertaken.Cats of epileptic and control group B were performed ME-fMRI,and the percentage of the enhanced signal intensity was then calculated.Results After injection with PTZ(55 mg/kg)intramuscularly,epileptic seizure was all evoked,and then EEG recording showed spike-wave and polyspike-wave complexes.The neocortex of cats of epileptic group B was diffusely phanero-enhanced on ME-fMRI.The percent enhancement of signal intensity in cortex of frontal lobe,parietal lobe and occipital lobe was(34.6?5.7)% and that in cortex of temporal lobe with(22.9? 6.5)%,whereas those of control group B with(14.9?4.5)% and(11.6?3.2)% respectively.And there was significant difference between the above different localization of the brain in the two groups (t=-10.43,-5.46 respectively,P

AIMTo reconstruct of a tissue engineering skin in vitro for the study of the use of drug percutaneous penetration and metabolism.

METHODSDermal fibroblasts were embedded in collagen type I. HaCaT cells were seeded on the top of the gel. The skin was generated through air-liquid interface culture. Effects of various culture media on tissues morphology were investigated. Sections of the cultured skin were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and examined under microscope. Permeation and metabolism of ketoprofen and its isopropyl ester through the cultured skin were investigated.

RESULTSHaCaT cells initially developed a multilayer epithelium at the air-liquid interface, but it showed a parakeratotic stratum corneum. Vitamin C enhanced cell proliferation obviously. Vitamin D3 promoted cell differentiation. And estradiol showed little effect on the tissue engineering skin. Ketoprofen isopropyl ester was hydrolyzed into ketoprofen when penetrated through the cultured skin, which resembled in the skin cell homogenates metabolism.

CONCLUSIONCultured at the air-liquid interface, HaCaT cells developed a parakeratotic mutilayer epithelium. Enzyme activity was reserved. This cultured skin could serve as an appropriate model for drug percutaneous metabolism and skin irritation.

Administration, Cutaneous ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; pharmacokinetics ; Esters ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; HeLa Cells ; cytology ; Humans ; Ketoprofen ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Skin Absorption ; Skin, Artificial ; Tissue Engineering ; methods

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the application of traditional cytomorphology, telomerase activity analysis and immunocytochemistry in cytopathologic diagnosis of pleural effusion and bronchoalveolar lavage samples.

METHODSA total of 123 agar-paraffin double-embedded pleural effusion and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples were enrolled into study. The cytomorphologic features were reviewed and correlated with immunocytochemical findings and telomerase activity.

RESULTSTelomerase activity was detected in 53 specimens using the real-time telomeric repeat amplification protocol. Amongst the cases studied, 39 samples (31.7%) contained overtly malignant cells while 20 cases (16.0%) were equivocal by conventional cytology. After verification by immunocytochemistry and clinical follow-up data, the diagnostic accuracy of telomerase activity and cytology was 87.0% and 82.1%, respectively. The sensitivity (97.6%) and specificity (100.0%) of cytology examination, when combined with telomerase activity analysis, were greater than those of cytology examination or telomerase activity analysis alone.

CONCLUSIONSTelomerase activity analysis can be used as an adjunctive investigative tool in cytology assessment of pleural effusion and bronchoalveolar lavage samples. The diagnostic accuracy can be further improved with the application of immunocytochemistry on agar-paraffin double-embedded cell block tissues.

Breast Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; enzymology ; pathology ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; chemistry ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lung Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; enzymology ; pathology ; Pleural Effusion ; diagnosis ; enzymology ; pathology ; Pleural Effusion, Malignant ; diagnosis ; enzymology ; pathology ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Telomerase ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo detect 3-dimensional images of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor Nr1 (NMDAr1) polycolonal IgG affixed on mica in physiological environment.

METHODSThe images and data were obtained from a contact mode and commercial Si3N4 probed tip by using atomic force microscope (AFM).

RESULTSThe anti-NMDAr1 polycolonal IgG has a characteristic structure described as an ellipse spherical shape of 136.4 A x 62.8 A x 26.1 A. On the section of the ellipse edge there were two peaks about 13 nm in width.

CONCLUSIONSUsing AFM to investigate biomacromolecule can make us deeply understand the structure of IgG, which will instruct us to detect the membrane receptor protein as a labelling agent.

Adsorption ; Aluminum Silicates ; Gold Colloid ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; methods ; Immunoglobulin G ; chemistry ; Microscopy, Atomic Force ; methods ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate ; chemistry

In this paper the contents of rosmarinic acid, salvianolic acid B, crytotanshinone, tanshinone II(A) in samples of different original processed Salvia Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma were determined by HPLC. Different processing methods have varied influences on four active ingredients in Salvia Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma. Sun-drying reduced the content of crytotanshinone, tanshi-none II(A) and rosmarinic acid, integralsamples were better than those cut into segments. Oven dry method had great influence on water--soluble ingredients, high temperature (80-100 degrees C) could easily cause big loss of rosmarinic acid and salvianolic acid B. The role of traditional processing method "fahan: was complicated, the content of rosmarinic acid decreased, crytotanshinone and tanshinone II(A) increased, and salvianolic acid B showed no difference after "fahan". Drying in the shade and oven dry under low temperatrure (40-60 degrees C) were all effective to keep active ingredients of Salvia Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, and, there was no difference between integral samples and samples cut into segments. Therefore, considering comprehensively the content of active ingredients in Salvia Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, and processing costing etc., shade-drying or oven dry underlow temperature (40-60 degrees C) should be the most suitable original processing method.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Hot Temperature ; Quality Control ; Rhizome ; chemistry ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; chemistry ; Temperature

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the plasma membrane integrity and morphology of fresh and frozen goat spermatozoa.

METHODSThe ejaculates of three male goats were obtained by the artificial vagina method of collection and the rates of sperm abnormality and acrosome integrity were detected after freezing-thawing processing. The plasma membrane integrity of the fresh and frozen-thawed goat spermatozoa was evaluated with a combination of fluorescent probes, carboxyfluorescein diacetate and propidium iodide.

RESULTSThe freezing-thawing process significantly influenced the viability and integrity of the spermatozoa ([74.43 +/- 13.78]% vs. [46.25 +/- 2.69]%; [64.26 +/- 7.03]% vs. [6.27 +/- 2.90]%, P < 0.01). The results showed differences in acrosome integrity rate between the fresh and frozen samples ([80.77 +/- 10.70]% vs. [58.42 +/- 18.05]% , P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe freezing-thawing process significantly reduces sperm viability and acrosome integrity and seriously damages the plasma membrane integrity.

Animals ; Cell Membrane Structures ; Cryopreservation ; Goats ; Male ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Semen Preservation ; Sperm Motility ; Spermatozoa

Reactive oxygen species(ROS)plays an important role in physiological and pathological processes in cells. Different effects can be produced depending on the type and subcellular localization of ROS.Therefore,various fluorescent probes have been developed to quantify and localize ROS specifically.However,due to technical limitations,these probes have defects in specificity and stability.In this paper, we review existing cellular and mitochondrial ROS probes, and summarize their characteristics.