Objective: To observe the effects of blueberry and nuclear expression of transcription factor-кb (NF-кb) p65 in an experimental rat model of liver fibrosis. Methods: Forty-five Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into isotonic saline control group (A); model group (B); blueberry juice prevention group (C, 15 g/kg); dan-shao-hua-xian capsule prevention group (D, 1 g/kg); and blueberry juice + dan-shao-hua-xian capsule prevention group (E). Rat liver fibrosis model was established by covalent compound carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄). Each prevention group was given the corresponding dose of blueberry juice or (and) dan-shao-hua-xian capsule, and the rats were sacrificed after 8 weeks. The degree of liver fibrosis was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin stain. A liver tissue of NF-κBp65 was detected by immunohistochemical method. The NF-κBp65 protein expression of liver tissue and transforming growth factor (TGF) β1 was detected by Western blot. Data of multiple groups were compared by one-way analysis of variance, and rank sum test. Results: Immunohistochemistry detected that TGFβ1 protein was mainly expressed in mesenchymal origin of hepatic stellate cells. The expression level of group A (3.75 ± 1.67) was low, while those of group B (9.00 ± 2.07), C (7.33 ± 1.00), D (6.00 ± 1.51), and E (3.5 ± 1.41) were high. However, the expression level of TGF-β1 protein in hepatic tissues of group B was significantly higher than that of group C, D and E [group E: 3.5 ± 1.41, F = 18.350, P < 0.05]. In addition, group D was higher than group E (P < 0.05). The expression of NF- kappa Bp65 protein was very complex, and the expression patterns in different groups were different (Statistical calculation of experimental data were based on expression of liver cells). Compared with group B (4.37 ± 2.13), the relative expression levels of NF-κBp65 protein in-group A (0.46 ± 0.25), group C (2.76 ± 1.01), group D (2.13 ± 1.51), group E (1.88 ± 0.99) were significantly decreased (F = 27.490, P < 0.05), and the expression trend was consistent with TGFβ1 protein. Western blot detected NF-κBp65 protein in liver tissues of rats. Compared with group A, levels in groups B, C, D and E were significantly increased (F = 96.983, P < 0.05), and groups C, D and E were significantly lower. The E group was significantly lower than the C group (F = 96.983, P < 0.05), and the degree of hepatic fibrosis was lower in each prevention group than in the B group (T = 24.1, P < 0.05). Conclusion Blueberries have preventive effect on CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats, and its preventive mechanism may inhibit the expression and activation of NF-κBp65 in hepatocytes, thereby reducing TGFβ1- mediated production or activation.

Objective To study the infection status and the molecular characteristics of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from diarrheal patients in Shenzhen, in 2007 to 2008 and to provide evidence for the prevention and control of diarrheal diseases caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Methods More than 80 fecal specimens from four sentinel surveillance hospitals were collected and cultured each month. A total of 361 isolates of Vibrio parahaemolyticus were sero-typed and examined by real-time PCR for the presence of two major virulence genes, tdh and trh. Of 361 strains, 60 O3: K6 strains isolated from six suspected outbreaks in August, 2007 and in September, 2008 were typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Results 4384 stool samples were detected in four sentinel surveillance hospitals and with 361 Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains isolated that belonged to 28 serotypes. Serotype O3:K6, O4:K8 and O1:KUT accounted for 67.90%, 7.50% and 6.10%, respectively. Of 361 strains, 337 strains belonged to tdh + trh- , 11 strains were tdh-trh- and 13 strains were tdh + trh +. The most prevalent serotype which caused diarrheal diseases was tdh + trh-in Shenzhen. The 60 isolates were discriminated into twenty different PFGE patterns, which belonged to three clones. Among the 60 isolates, most of the PFGE patterns of isolates from the suspected outbreak locations were identical and some strains isolated from different year were different. Conclusion Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates in Shenzhen were dominated by O3:K6 strains. Most of these isolates carried tdh gene and few carried trh gene. Meanwhile, the identical patterns of isolates from 6 suspected outbreaks locations demonstrated that Vibrio parahaemolyticus outbreaks occurred in July 2007 and in September 2008 in Shenzhen. However, the dominated strains' PFGE patterns were different each year, indicating that the sources of Vibrio parahaemolyticus had a multiplex nature and the multiplex sources such as water, sea food and pickled products should be integrated monitored. Laboratory based surveillance of diarrheal diseases could contribute in establishing early warning system for the better prevention and control of diarrheal diseases.

OBJECTIVEReal-time RT-PCR, cell culture and embryonated eggs culture for influenza detection were compared by analyzing the data of influenza surveillance in Shenzhen in second half of 2009.

METHODS1092 clinical samples (throat swabs) collected during second half of 2009 were tested by real-time RT-PCR, cell culture and embryonated eggs culture, and the results were analyzed by statistical methods.

RESULTSThe positive rate were 54.21%, 27.11% and 16.21% using real-time RT-PCR, cell culture and embryonated eggs culture, and the sensitive were 100%, 50% and 29.9%. The lowest dilutions of virus detected by real-time RT-PCR were 10(-2) TCID50/ml.

CONCLUSIONThe sensitive of real-time RT-PCR was higher than culture and the specificity was also very high. It was more suitable for emergency detect. The sensitive of cell culture for H3N2 subtype was higher, and sensitive of embryonated eggs culture for type B was higher.

Animals ; Chick Embryo ; Humans ; Orthomyxoviridae ; isolation & purification ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Virus Cultivation ; methods

OBJECTIVESTo investigate the effects of astilbin on the expressions of TNF alpha and IL-10 during liver warm ischemia-reperfusion injury.

METHODSC57BL/ 6 mice were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 8): sham-operated group (Sham), model control group(I/R), low dosage of astilbin treatment group (10 mg/kg) and high dosage of astilbin (40 mg/kg) treatment group. The treatment group mice were intraperitoneally injected with 10 or 40 mg/kg astilbin 24 hours and one hour before Ischemia, the hepatic ischemia-reperfusion model were thus established. After jn90 of min ischemia and 6 h reperfusion of the partial hepatic lobe, the expressions of TNF alpha and IL-10 in liver tissues collected from the experimental groups were detected by Western blot and semiquantitative RT-PCR.

RESULTSThe expression of TNF alpha protein in liver tissues gradually decreased in treatment groups (low and high dosages of astilbin treatment groups) as compared to the I/R model control group. Similar results were observed in the mRNA expressions of these genes as determined by semiquantitative RT-PCR (P less than 0.05 for low dosage group; P less than 0.01 for high dosage group). Compared with the I/R model control group, the expression of IL-10 was increased in both treatment groups (low dosage group P less than 0.05; large dosage group P less than 0.01).

CONCLUSIONTreatment with astilbin decreases TNF alpha expression but induces IL-10 expression in liver during warm ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Animals ; Flavonols ; pharmacology ; Interleukin-10 ; metabolism ; Liver ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Reperfusion Injury ; etiology ; metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism ; Warm Ischemia

From the perspective of information technology,the paper designes and implementes the queuing & calling system in the complex environment of specialized hospitals according to actual circumstances and characteristics of out-patient and examination areas,and introduces the architecture,operating process,comparison of effects before and after the optimization,specific application of the system.After launched and used,the system can improve the order in various areas and enhance the satisfaction of both doctors and patients.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the status of the clinical agency of detection, management, and health insurance for hypertensive patients in urban and rural communities of five provinces in China in 2010, in order to provide fundamental data for implementation and evaluation of community health management of hypertensive patients in basic public health service.

METHODSFrom Jiangsu, Shandong, Hebei, Sichuan and Gansu provinces, cities and districts (counties) were selected according to economic development level and 10 survey sites were finally determined. In each survey site, 3-4 communities or townships were selected by cluster sampling methods in 2010. A total of 8326 eligible hypertensive patients (4363 in urban and 3963 in rural) were included. The urban-rural difference of clinical agency and health insurance was compared for hypertensive patients.

RESULTSIn urban areas, 43.74% (1867/4268) hypertensive patients were first diagnosed at hospitals of district level or above, 25.07% (1070/4268) at community health service centers (CHSC), and 20.20% (862/4268) at community health service stations (CHSS), respectively; 30.72% (1274/4147) and 31.11% (1290/4147) patients chose CHSC and CHSS for their follow-up visiting, respectively; 60.23% (3073/5102) antihypertensive medication was obtained from pharmacies. In rural areas, 54.58% (2133/3908) hypertensive patients were first diagnosed at village clinics, 22.36% (874/3908) at township hospitals, and 18.86% (737/3908) at hospitals of county level or above; 70.49% (2695/3823) patients chose village clinics for their follow-up visiting; 46.23% (2116/4577) antihypertensive medication was obtained from village clinics, and 36.29% (1661/4577) from pharmacies. The main reasons for choosing clinical agency for both urban and rural patients were convenience (45.79%, 6276/13 706) and low cost (11.78%, 1614/13 706). The proportions of reimbursements for hospitalization expenses and total medical expenses for hypertensive patients in urban in the past year were 66.67% and 34.78%, respectively, which were much higher than those in rural (35.71% and 9.50%) (Z value was -12.13 and -17.56, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONCommunity-based hypertension detection and routine blood pressure measurement during clinical visiting should be further strengthened to improve early diagnosis of hypertension. The development of community-based clinical agency should be able to provide convenient and low cost health service for hypertensive patients to improve treatment, follow-up and control of hypertension.

Adult ; Aged ; China ; Cities ; Community Health Services ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Insurance, Health ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Public Health ; Rural Health Services ; Urban Health Services

OBJECTIVETo investigate the current situation of drug cost, hospitalization cost and direct medical expense in community health management of hypertensive patients, in order to lay foundation for evaluating whether the community health management in basic public health service has cost-effect in Health Economics.

METHODSA total of 8326 hypertensive patients from 10 survey pilots in 5 provinces were selected by cluster sampling methods, including 3967 patients who took part in community health management for over 1 year as management group and 4359 cases who have never taken part in community health management as control group. The essential information of research objects were collected by questionnaire; and the medical cost information in the last year (from November 2009 to November 2010) were collected retrospectively. The different annual medical treatment cost, hospitalization cost and direct medical expense in the two groups were compared and analyzed.

RESULTSThe average annual drug cost in hypertension was (621.50 ± 1337.78) yuan per patient; while the cost was (616.13 ± 1248.40) yuan in management group and (626.44 ± 1414.30) yuan in control group respectively. The average annual drug cost of hypertensive patients who took medicine therapy was (702.05 ± 1401.79) yuan per person, while the cost in the management group ((688.50 ± 1300.70) yuan) was much lower than it in control group ((714.64 ± 1489.60) yuan). The annual average drug cost in urban was (731.88 ± 1403.31) yuan per person, which was higher than it in rural as (407.44 ± 1171.44) yuan per person. The average hospitalized rate was 12.2% (1014/8326), and the average annual cost among the hospitalized patients was (9264.47 ± 18 088.49) yuan per person; while the cost was (7583.70 ± 13 267.00) yuan in management group, which was lower than it in control group as (11 028.00 ± 21 919.00) yuan. The average annual hospitalized cost in hypertension was (1064.87 ± 6804.83) yuan per person; while the cost was (936.73 ± 5284.90) yuan in management group, which was lower than it in control group as (1181.50 ± 7937.90) yuan. The average annual direct medical expense in hypertension was (2275.08 ± 8225.66) yuan per person; while the expense was (2165.10 ± 6564.60) yuan in management group and (2375.20 ± 9487.60) yuan in control group. The average annual direct medical expense in urban ((2801.06 ± 9428.54) yuan per person) was higher than it in rural ((1254.70 ± 4990.27) yuan per person).

CONCLUSIONThe community health or standardized management of hypertensive patients can reduce the average annual drug cost and hospitalization cost (around 26 yuan and 245 yuan separately); and thereby save the annual direct medical expense per capita in hypertension (around 210 yuan). In the reform and development of national medical health system, we should enhance and promote the standardized community health management of hypertensive patients.

Aged ; Community Health Services ; economics ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Drug Costs ; Female ; Health Care Costs ; statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Hypertension ; drug therapy ; economics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Public Health ; economics

Alcoholic Beverages ; adverse effects ; Animals ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; drug effects ; Immunohistochemistry ; Liver Neoplasms ; metabolism ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; metabolism

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the safety and efficacy of reinforced radiculoplasty in the treatment of symptomatic sacral Tarlov cysts (TCs). METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data and follow-up data of 71 patients with symptomatic sacral TCs who underwent reinforced radiculoplasty in the Neurosurgery Department of Peking University Third Hospital from June 2018 to March 2021. All the operations were performed under neuroelectrophysiological monitoring. Intraoperative cyst exploration, partial resection of the cyst wall, narrowing of the leak, nerve root sleeve radiculoplasty and artificial dural reinforcement were performed. The incidence of postoperative complications and new neurological dysfunction was analyzed. Visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to assess the changes of pain before and after surgery. The Japanese Orthopedics Association (JOA) low back pain score was used to evaluate the changes in nerve function before and after surgery. RESULTS: In the study, 71 patients had 101 TCs, 19 (18.8%) TCs originated from the left S1 nerve, 26 (25.7%) originated from the left S2 nerve, 3 (3.0%) originated from the left S3 nerve, 14 (13.9%) originated from the right S1 nerve, 33 (32.7%) originated from the right S2 nerve, 6 (5.9%) originated from the right S3 nerve, all the TCs underwent reinforced radiculoplasty. Deep infection (1 case), subcutaneous effusion (1 case), fat li-quefaction (1 case) and urinary tract infection (4 cases) were recorded postoperatively. The patients were followed up for 12-43 months (median, 26 months). Two cases had new urinary retention after operation, and the catheter was removed at the end of the first and second months respectively. One case had new fecal weakness, which improved after 3 months. Compared with preoperation, VAS decreased significantly at the last follow-up [median, 6 (4-9) vs. 1 (0-5), Z=-7.272, P < 0.001], JOA score increased significantly [median, 20 (16-25) vs. 27 (18-29), Z=-7.265, P < 0.001]. There were 18 cured cases (25.4%), 41 excellent cases (57.7%), 8 effective cases (11.3%), and 4 invalid cases (5.6%). The total efficiency was 94.4% (67/71). Two (1.98%) cysts recurred. CONCLUSION For patients with symptomatic sacral TCs, reinforced radiculoplasty can significantly improve the pain and nerve function, which is safe and reliable.
Humans ; Tarlov Cysts/epidemiology* ; Retrospective Studies ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/complications* ; Cysts/surgery* ; Pain