OBJECTIVETo evaluate and compare the efficiency and safety of laparoscopic surgery (LS) and open surgery (OS) in the treatment of colorectal carcinoma.

METHODSRandomized controlled trials on laparoscopic surgery and open surgery for colorectal carcinoma from January 2000 to October 2010 were searched in the databases of EMbase, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Sciencedirect, Springer, VIP, CNKI, CBMdisc. The methodological quality was assessed according to the standard of Cochrane systematic review. For homogeneous studies, RevMan5.0 software was used for meta-analysis.

RESULTSA total of 13 RCTs involving 4603 patients were included in this study, and among those 6 were multi-center randomized controlled trials. The meta-analysis showed that: the operation time of the LS group was longer than that of the OS group (WMD = 38.91, 95%CI: 33.89 - 43.93, P < 0.001), the blood loss (WMD = -138.14, 95%CI: -195.79 - -80.50, P < 0.001) and the length of hospital stay (WMD = 2.91, 95%CI: -4.65 - -1.17, P = 0.001) of the LS group was less than those in OS group. There was no significant differences between the two groups in the number of dissected lymph nodes (WMD = -0.62, 95%CI: -1.47 - 0.23, P = 0.150). There was no significant differences between the two groups in terms of the postoperative complications (30 days) (RR = 0.78, 95%CI: 0.59 - 1.01, P = 0.06). There was no significant differences between the two groups in 3-year overall survival (RR = 1.00, 95%CI: 0.96 - 1.04, P = 0.970). There was no significant differences between the two groups in 5-year overall survival (RR = 1.03, 95%CI: 0.99 - 1.08, P = 0.140). There was no significant differences between the two groups in 5-year overall recurrence (RR = 0.89, 95%CI: 0.74 - 1.07, P = 0.200).

CONCLUSIONSLaparoscopic surgery for colorectal carcinoma is a safe and effective therapy as open surgery in the short term or long term outcomes. It could be an acceptable alternative to open surgery for colorectal carcinoma.

Colorectal Neoplasms ; surgery ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Treatment Outcome

BACKGROUNDThalidomide is reviving for its antiangiogenic effect on corneal neovascularization models. Recently, it has been employed in tumor research in several types of solid carcinomas. However, its effect on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not yet been clarified.

METHODSA total of 48 nude mice bearing human HCC with a high metastatic potential were randomly divided into 4 groups. Thalidomide (200 mg/kg), paclitaxel (13 mg/kg), or their combination, which was dissolved in 0.5% sodium carboxyl methyl cellulose (CMC) suspension, was intraperitoneally injected in each group since the second day of the establishment of animal model. The group simply administered with 0.5% CMC was set as placebo-control. The mice were sacrificed on the 30th day, for the measurement of tumor size, weight and metastasis in the lungs. The levels of CD34 and endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA in tumor tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry and semiquantitative RT-PCR, respectively, and microvessel density (MVD) was evaluated.

RESULTSNo statistical difference was found in tumor weight and volume between the thalidomide group and control (P>0.05). Paclitaxel showed a growth-inhibiting effect on tumors (P<0.05). The value of MVD and VEGF mRNA and metastases to the lungs in each group were lower than those in the placebo-control group (P<0.05); such difference in the combination group was statistically significant (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSPaclitaxel, but not thalidomide, has significant growth inhibitory effect on tumors, but both significantly inhibit angiogenesis and metastasis of human HCC in nude mice, such effects of paclitaxel can be amplified by thalidomide.

Animals ; Antigens, CD34 ; analysis ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental ; blood supply ; drug therapy ; Lung Neoplasms ; secondary ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; drug therapy ; Paclitaxel ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Thalidomide ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Transplantation, Heterologous

OBJECTIVETo investigate the protective effect of ischemic postconditioning (IPC) against hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury.

METHODSTwenty-four normal male Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group, ischemia-reperfusion group (IR) and IPC group, and in the latter two groups, the rats were subjected to acute hepatic ischemia-reperfusion. IPC was achieved by several brief pre-reperfusion and withdrawn before persistent reperfusion. The concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and activity of several antioxidant enzymes in the hepatic tissue were measured. The cell apoptosis was detected by TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) and the expression of Bcl-2 protein measured by immunohistochemistry. The mitochondrial ultrastructural and morphological changes of the hepatic cells were observed by electron microscopy.

RESULTSCompared with IR group, IPC group showed significantly reduced concentration of MDA and the hepatocellular apoptotic index (P<0.05) with markedly enhanced activity of the antioxidant enzymes and Bcl-2 protein expression (P<0.05).The mitochondrial ultrastructural damage was also relieved obviously in IPC group.

CONCLUSIONIPC can reduce the hepatocellular apoptosis after reperfusion and offers protection against hepatic IR injury.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; Ischemic Postconditioning ; methods ; Liver ; blood supply ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Mitochondria, Liver ; ultrastructure ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Reperfusion Injury ; prevention & control

Background Thalidomide is reviving for its antiangiogenic effect on corneal neovascularization models. Recently, it has been employed in tumor research in several types of solid carcinomas. However, its effect on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not yet been clarified. Methods A total of 48 nude mice bearing human HCC with a high metastatic potential were randomly divided into 4 groups. Thalidomide (200 mg/kg), paclitaxel (13 mg/kg), or their combination, which was dissolved in 0.5% sodium carboxyl methyl cellulose (CMC) suspension, was intraperitoneally injected in each group since the second day of the establishment of animal model. The group simply administered with 0.5% CMC was set as placebo-control. The mice were sacrificed on the 30th day, for the measurement of tumor size, weight and metastasis in the lungs. The levels of CD34 and endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA in tumor tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry and semiquantitative RT-PCR, respectively, and microvessel density (MVD) was evaluated. Results No statistical difference was found in tumor weight and volume between the thalidomide group and control (P>0.05). Paclitaxel showed a growth-inhibiting effect on tumors (P<0.05). The value of MVD and VEGF mRNA and metastases to the lungs in each group were lower than those in the placebo-control group (P<0.05); such difference in the combination group was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusions Paclitaxel, but not thalidomide, has significant growth inhibitory effect on tumors, but both significantly inhibit angiogenesis and metastasis of human HCC in nude mice, such effects of paclitaxel can be amplified by thalidomide.

Objective To look into effect of health failure mode and effects analysis in reducing the risk of errors in intravenous infusion of inpatients in HIS system.Methods HFMEA was used to assess the procedure of intravenous infusion of inpatients in HIS system,in order to analyze the failure mode and the causes of potential risks.Risk priority number (RPN) was calculated and effective precautionary measures were formulated and implemented.Results After the intervention,the incidence rate of errors in medication had been reduced from 5.13‰ to 1.69‰,and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =208.50,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions HFMEA is effective in reducing the events of errors in intravenous infusion of inpatients in HIS system,so as to guarantee the safety of the clinical medication of inpatients.

Superoxide dismutase, catalase and hemoglobin were purified simultaneously from the same batch of bovine erythrocyte lysate. The process involves an initial anion exchange chromatography, followed by a hydrophobic interaction chromatography and gel filtration chromatography. 0.75% polyethylene glycol 600 was added as a purification chaperon before the anion exchange chromatography. The hemoglobin fraction passed through the ion exchange column without being retained. The superoxide dismutase and catalase were adsorbed by the column and were eluted separately during elution. The two eluted fractions containing crude superboxide dismutase and catalase were further purified with hydrophobic interaction chromatography and gel filtration chromatography in sequence. The specific activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase were 15932u/mg and 65918u/mg, respectively. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and gel filtration chromatography were used to analyze the purity of the proteins. The purity of superoxide dismutase, catalase and hemoglobin were 77.6%, 81.9% and 99.9%, respectively. The total recoveries for superoxide dismutase, catalase and hemoglobin were 47.4%, 29.6% and 88.7%, respectively.
Animals ; Catalase ; isolation & purification ; Cattle ; Chromatography, Ion Exchange ; Erythrocytes ; chemistry ; Glucosides ; chemistry ; Hemoglobins ; isolation & purification ; Polyethylene Glycols ; chemistry ; Superoxide Dismutase ; isolation & purification

The aim of the study is to establish a new method of quality evaluation and validate its feasibilities by the simultaneous quantitative assay of four lignanoids in Schisandra chinensis. A new quality evaluation method, quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker (QAMS), was established and validated with Schisandra chinensis. Four main lignanoids, schisandrin, schisantherin A, deoxyschizandrin and gamma-schizandrin, were selected as analytes and schisandrin as internal reference substance to evaluate the quality. Their contents in 13 different batches of samples, collected from different bathes, were determined by both external standard method and QAMS. The method was evaluated by comparison of the quantitative results between external standard method and QAMS. No significant differences were found in the quantitative results of four lignanoids in 13 batches of S. chinensis determined by external standard method and QAMS. QAMS is feasible for determination of four lignanoids simultaneously when some authentic standard substances were unavailable, and the developed method can be used for quality control of S. chinensis.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Cyclooctanes ; analysis ; Dioxoles ; analysis ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Fruit ; chemistry ; Lignans ; analysis ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Polycyclic Compounds ; analysis ; Quality Control ; Schisandra ; chemistry

OBJECTIVESTo investigate the effect of short interfering RNA targeting MAT 2A on growth and apoptosis of hepatoma cells.

METHODSThe four siRNA against MAT 2A gene were transcript synthesized intracelluarly by expressed templates of plasmid vector pSilence-2.1-U6. We inserted the target sequence of MAT 2A gene into the upstream of the reporter gene in order to construct the recombinant plasmid vector plucA-MAT 2A. The recombinant plasmid and siRNA-producing plasmid were co-transfected into 293 T cells using this construct via lipofectamine methods. The inhibition effect was detected by measuring luciferase activity in the cell lysate to screen the effective siRNA, and then, the effective siRNA was transfected into Bel-7402 cells. The effect of siRNA treatment on the MAT 2A mRNA level and the MAT activity of hepatoma cells were measured. In order to study the effect of short interfering RNA targeting MAT 2A on growth and apoptosis of hepatoma cells, the tumor cell killing rate was analyzed by MTT method and the rate of apoptosis of hepatoma cells was evaluated by flow cytometry.

RESULTSThe two siRNA among the four siRNA displayed inhibitory effect on the lucifermase expression with the inhibitory rates of 81% and 89% respectively. The expression of MAT 2A mRNA in Bel-7402 cells was specifically inhibited and the MAT activity in Bel-7402 cells was decreased. Furthermore, silencing of the MAT 2A gene by RNAi significantly inhibited hepatoma cell growth and led to induction of apoptosis.

CONCLUSIONRNA interference-mediated silencing of MAT 2A gene attenuates growth and induces apoptosis of hepatoma cells; MAT 2A is an ideal target of gene-specific therapy for liver cancer.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; physiology ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Gene Silencing ; Genetic Therapy ; Liver Neoplasms ; pathology ; Methionine Adenosyltransferase ; genetics ; RNA Interference ; Rats

AIMTo study the dissolution rate of solid pharmaceutical preparation on-line, a multiple channel fiber-optic chemical sensor based on fluorescence multiple quenching (FOCSMQ) without filtering and sampling was made.

METHODSUsing the multiple channel FOCSMQ linked with computer, the dissolution rates of ofloxacin tablets, metronidazole tablets and nitrofurantoin tablets were monitored continuously on-line. The instrument can give the sample data, display the real time curve and calculate the T1/2 and td automatically. A computer was used to select the best function from five common fitting models to fit the dissolution curve.

RESULTSThe average recoveries of the FOCSMQ method were 97.4%-104.4%, 97.4%-103.8% and 96.6%-102.1%. The RSDs (n = 6) of within-day and between-day were less than 5%. The parameters of the dissolution and all results of measurement using the instrument have no significant difference compared with the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (ChP) (2000) method and the United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) (23) method (P > 0.05). It does not need sampling and dilution, and never contaminate sample. It can shorten time of the experiment.

CONCLUSIONThe method is simple, rapid and reliable.

Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; instrumentation ; Fiber Optic Technology ; methods ; Metronidazole ; chemistry ; Nitrofurantoin ; chemistry ; Ofloxacin ; chemistry ; Optical Fibers ; Solubility ; Tablets ; chemistry ; Transducers

OBJECTIVETo study the cell biological mechanism of sodium selenite improving insulin sensitivity in pubertal rats with insulin resistance.

METHODSThe content of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) was examined by anion resin chromatography, and mRNA levels of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunits (PI3Kp85 alpha) and Se-P were detected by RT-PCR in hepatocyte isolated from pubertal rats with insulin resistance.

RESULTSThe mRNA levels of Se-P and PI3Kp85 alpha and content of IP3 in isolated hepatocyte decreased in pubertal male rats with insulin resistance. The above indices increased and reached normal level in rats supplied with selenium. The response to insulin stimulation in isolated hepatocyte in rats with selenium supply was similar to that in the control group, and both groups had higher response than those with high-fat diet. Alone when inhibited by wortmannin, the concentration of IP3 increased slightly in rats with selenium supply, but still was lower than that in the control group.

CONCLUSIONSThese results indicate that the effect of selenium improving insulin sensitivity may be related to phosphatidylinositol PI3K signalling pathway. The effect of regulation of IP3 by selenium is not as effective as that by insulin, which may explain the difference of effect between selenium and insulin.

Animals ; Cell Separation ; Hepatocytes ; cytology ; metabolism ; Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate ; analysis ; Insulin ; pharmacology ; Insulin Resistance ; Male ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; analysis ; Proteins ; analysis ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Selenoproteins ; Signal Transduction ; Sodium Selenite ; pharmacology