Abdominal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Actins ; metabolism ; Angiomyolipoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Desmin ; metabolism ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Leiomyosarcoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Liposarcoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasms, Multiple Primary ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Retroperitoneal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; S100 Proteins ; metabolism

Animals ; Apoptosis ; Extremities ; blood supply ; Intestine, Small ; cytology ; pathology ; Ischemic Preconditioning ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Reperfusion Injury ; pathology

AIM:To compare the refractive errors measured by the VISX WaveScan, OPD - Scan Ⅲ and the subjective refraction.
METHODS: Seventy - six patients ( 152 eyes ) were recruited from January 2013 to December 2013. All patients were measured with subjective refraction by the phoropter (NIDEK, RT-5100), objective refraction by the WaveScan ( AMO Company, USA) , OPD-ScanⅢ ( Nidek Technologies, Japan). The sphere, cylinder, axis of the three methods were compared and analyzed.
RESULTS: The sphere measured by WaveScan was lower than that by subjective refraction, the difference was 0. 13±0. 30D (t=3. 753, P<0. 001). For cylinder, the difference was 0. 13±0. 43D (t=3. 664, P<0. 001). There was no significance for sphere, cylinder, and spherical equivalent between OPD - Scan Ⅲ and subjective refraction (P>0. 05). The value of the difference between WaveScan and subjective refraction was 5. 87o±6. 19o for the axis and the difference between OPD-Scan Ⅲ and subjective refraction was 3. 82o±3. 95o. There was statistic significance (t=2. 817, P=0. 006).
CONCLUSION: For sphere and cylinder, WaveScan generated some deviation relative to subjective refraction. The Nidek OPD-ScanⅢ gives more accurate measures of objective refraction when compared with subjective refraction.

Objective To investigate the combined effects of fluoride and aluminum intoxication on bones and their possible mechanisms.Methods Kunming mice were divided into nine groups according to the factorial experiment design.Different dose of fluoride(NaF,0,50,150 mg/L)and/or aluminum(AlCl3,0,200,600 mg/L)was administered to each group in drinking water.After 24 weeks,the degree of mottled teeth and the histomorphometric parameters,such as the bone trabecula and osteoid areas,the number of osteoblasts and osteoclasts,and pathologic changes in femur were observed.Results Aluminum could also caused mottled teeth(in degree 4).The mottled teeth in the combined groups were more serious than those in fluoride or aluminum alone group.The interaction between fluoride and aluminum existed in the changes of bone trabecula and osteoid areas(F=2.963,3.688,P＜0.05),and not existed in changes of the number of osteoblasts and osteoclasts(F=2.347,0.888,P＞0.05).In high fluoride group,the trabecula and osteoid areas were(50 675.47±22 916.34),(10 733.97 ±3015.55)μm2,but it increased to(75 988.64±13 797.21),(16 402.88±4605.83)μm2 when combined with high aluminum(P＜0.05),and the group of high fluoride +low aluminum increased to(69 277.16±19 837.51),(18 564.79±6362.47)μm2 (P＜0.05),so aluminum antagonized the effects induced by fluoride;the area of bone trabecula of group of high aluminum was(60 718.43 ±17 574.37)μm2,but it increased[(75 988.64±13 797.21),(82 474.94±15 466.66)μm2]when combined with high or low fluoride(P＜0.05),and the combined effects showed a similarity to those in high aluminum group.The prominent osteoporosis with increased osteoid and cartilage tissues,and decreased amount of bony matrix and minerals were the main histopathological changes in the bone.Conclusions Both high aluminum and fluoride intoxication can result in mottled teeth,their combined effects are more serious than the individual effect.The prominent injury of combined fluoride and aluminum intoxication is osteomalacia and osteoporosis.

Objective To explore the interaction characters of fluoride and aluminum by analyzing the changes of bone metabolism in mice. Methods Kunming mice were randomly divided into nine groups according to the factorial experiment, design of two factors and three levels. The animals in different groups were fed with various doses of fluoride(NaF, 0,50,150 mg/L) and/or aluminum(AlCl3, 0,200,600 mg/L) in drinking water for 24 weeks. Serum calcium, phosphor, magnesium, alkaline phosphatase, osteoealine, parathyroid, and urinary calcium and phosphor were tested. Results We found interaetians of fluoride and aluminum with serum calcium, osteoealine and urine calcium(F=17.370,4.399,9.448, P<0.01), but not with serum phosphor, magnesium, alkaline phosphatase, parathyroid or urinary phospbor(F=0.416,0.415,1.921,1.362, 1.630, P 0.05). The serum levels of calcium and osteoealine in high fluoride group were (1.13±0.27)mmol/L and (6.56±5.74)μg/L, respectively, which were lower than in the control group[ (1.82±0.37)mmol/L and (23.45±15.40)laeJL, respectively], but the levels were elevated to (1.76±0.36)mmol/L and (10.57±4.28)μg/L when high fluoride was combined with low aluminum, and further elevated to (2.10±0.51)mmol/L and (15.73±3.15)μg/L when high fluoride was combined with high aluminum. The urinary calcium level in low fluoride group [ (6.24±2.61)retool/retool Cr] was higher than that in the control group[ (3.12±2.04)retool/retool Cr], but it was decreased in low fluoride and aluminum groups[ (0.81±0.44), (1.23± 0.41)mmol/mmoi Cr, respectively]. On the other hand, the levels of serum ealeium and osteocaline in high aluminum group were (1.07±0.68)mmol/L and (7.21±5.22)μg/L, elevated to (1.47±0.18)mmol/L and (10.98±4.35) μg/L when low fluoride was combined wth high aluminum, and further elevated to (2.10±0.51)mmol/L and (15.73± 3.15)μg/L when high fluoride was.combined with high aluminum, respectively, and the combined effects showed the same trend of higher aluminum. Conclusions Aluminum antagonized fluoride-induced effects, whereas fluoride aggravated the effects caused by aluminum in this experimental conditions. The biomarkers of bone formation and mineralization were suppressed in the combined groups, so the combined effects could interfere with the course of bone turnover by inhabiting bone formation and mineralization, leading to the disorder of bone metabolism eventually.

The role of autophagy is known to be highly complex and context-dependent, and may be characterized as both tumor suppression and tumor promotion in some tumors, such as breast cancer and prostate cancer. This review outlines recent advances in the studies of the involvement of autophagy in the development, progression and treatment of prostate cancer, focusing on autophagy modulation during androgen deprivation, with a special discussion on the regulatory effect of androgens on the autophagy of prostate cancer cells. A critical evaluation and analysis of the studies suggests that autophagy inhibition combined with androgen deprivation therapy is a promising approach to the treatment of prostate cancer.
Autophagy ; Humans ; Male ; Prostatic Neoplasms

OBJECTIVETo compare the efficacy on vertebrobasilar insufficiency (VBI) between auricular acupuncture therapy and oral administration of medicine.

METHODSSixty patients of VBI were randomized into an auricular acupuncture therapy group and a medicine group, 30 cases in each one. In the auricular acupuncture group, acupuncture was applied bilaterally to gan (CO12) and jiejie (HX8) on the ears and needles were retained for 15 min. After needle withdrawal, the vaccariae semen were fixed with plaster at naogan (AT3, 4i), zhen (AT3), jing (AH12), shen (CO10) and pi (CO13) on the ears. In the medicine group, flunarizine hydrochloride capsules (Sibelium), 5mg were prescribed for oral administration, once every night. The treatment lasted continuously for 2 weeks (14 days) in the two groups. In 2 weeks, the clinical efficacy was assessed and the transcranial doppler (TCD) examination was performed.

RESULTSAfter treatment, the symptom scores were all apparently reduced in the patients of the two groups (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). Compared with the medicine group, the reduced score was much more obvious in the auricular acupuncture group (P < 0.05), indicating the significant difference. After treatment, with TCD examination, the blood velocity was increased to different degrees in the patients of low velocity type in the auricular acupuncture group and the medicine group; that was reduced to different degrees in the patients of high velocity type in the auricular acupuncture group and the medicine group. All of them were different significantly as compared with those before treatment (all P < 0.05). But the difference was not significant between the two groups (both P > 0.05). In comparison of clinical efficacy between the two groups, the effective rate was 93.3% (28/30) in the acupuncture group and better than 76.7% (23/30) in the medicine group, indicating the significant difference in comparison (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe auricular acupuncture therapy achieves the definite efficacy on VBI and the efficacy is better than flunarizine hydrochloride capsules.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture, Ear ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome ; Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency ; therapy

Objective To explore the causes and treatment of repeated vulvovaginitis in girlhood in order to improve its prevention and treatment.Methods Fifty-one girls with repeated vulvovaginitis(age≤10 years)admitted to The Second Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from Jan.1990 to Nov.2004 were reviewed retrospectively.Results We found 28 girls(55%)suffering from non-specific vulvovaginitis and 14 ones(27%)suffering from posterior recto-vaginal fistula with in 51 patients.Five girls(10%)were smitten with vulval ulcer and 3 ones(6%)had been were found with vaginal foreign bodies.One girl(2%) was smitten with adhesion of labia minora.The vaginal discharges taken from 21 girls were cultured. Seventeen cases found bacteria.The positive rate of bacteria culture in the 21 cases reached 81%,in which, E.coli accounted for 5 cases(24%),staphylococcus and streptococcus accounted for 3 cases(14%) respectively.Patients suffered from non-specific vulvovaginitis and vulval ulcer accepted external lotion, antibiotic ointment or combining with antibiotics.Patients suffered from posterior recto-vaginal fistula accepted fistulectomy.Three girls who found vaginal foreign bodies took out of foreign bodies by hysteroscopo.Fifty-one girls all were cured after appropriate therapy.Conclusions Vulvovaginitis is the most common gynecologic diagnosis in girlhood.The principal cause of repeated invasion is non-specific vulvovaginitis and the secondly one is posterior recto-vaginal fistula.It need overhaul during the diagnosis.It is very availability to use hysteroscopy and do bacteria culture+antibiotic sensitivity test for repeated pediatric vulvovaginitis.

Objective To investigate histopathological changes and expression of integrin ?1 of sternomastoid muscle,and probe the mechanism and significance during disease process in congenital muscular torticollis(CMT).Methods Histopathological changes of sternomastoid muscle section stained with HE and Gomori silver staining were observed and the expression of integrein ?1 with immunohistochemistry was detected,and the expressive quantity and distribution with image analysis system was quantitive analyzed.Results 1.With light microscopy observation,the results showed that the fibrous degeneration of sternomastoid muscle could be summed up 2 kinds: A category displayed the myocytes atrophyed,and there were lots of connective tissue hyperplasy around myocytes,and the direction of fibrous arrangement was disordered,meanwhile there were lots of vessels and nervers hyperplasy,and eventually the myocytes shrank back and disappeared.B category displayed that the structure of cross striation or sarcomere disappeared or changed,and myocytes could maintained the outline and the sarcolemma were integrated,and then fibrous pathological changes of myocyte took place,and there were lots of fibroblast-like that had much more enations between fiber bundles.With Gomori silver staining,the major changes of fibrotic sternomastoid muscle showed that there were lots of collagenous fibers hyperplasy.The arrangements of collagenous fibers were disordered in A category and were well-arranged in B ca-tegory.2.With immunohistochemistry,the results showed the expression of integrin ?1 was weak positive in normal control group(125.7?5.167).In diseased groups,the results showed 3 different extents:the expression of integrin ?1 displayed stronger positive in A category myocytes(30.15?6.543),and the level of expression was significantly different from normal controls(P0.05).Conclusions The fibrous pathological changes of sternomastoid muscle are a complicated and gradually process,which may has different mode,and ingetrin ?1 may participated the process of pathological changes.

Objective: To investigate the effect of anti-aging gene Klotho on the proliferation and differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Methods: Rat BMSCs overexpressing secreted Klotho (sKL) were cultured and constructed in vitro. MTT assay was used to detect the cell proliferation. Western blotting was used to measure the expression of sKL in the cells and medium of three groups. As markers of aging, P53 and P21 in three cells were also detected. BMSCs were induced to osteogenic differentiation by osteogenic induction medium, the result of differentiation was observed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining; BMSCs were induced to adipogenic differentiation by adipogenic induction medium, the result of differentiation was identified by oil red 0 staining. Results: Western blotting showed that the expression of sKL increased significantly in the sKL group (P<0.05), in addition, the expression of P53 and P21 decreased significantly in the sKL group (P<0.05). MTT assay indicated that there was no significant differences about absorbance value between sKL group and control group(P>0.05). The ability of osteogenic differentiation and adipogenic differentiation was significantly stronger than that of the control group(P<0.05). Conclusion: sKL effectively enhances the anti-aging ability of BMSCs, meanwhile it also promotes osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Besides, this study also suggests that Klotho may have no effect on the proliferation of BMSCs.