Objective To investigate the effect of dihydromyricetin(DMY)on myocardial oxidative damage in exhaustive exercise mice.Methods C57BL/6 mice were divided into control group,model group,positive control group and low,medium and high dose experimental groups and with 10 mice in each group.Mice in control group and model group were intragastricated with distilled water;20,40 and 80 mg·kg-1 dihydromyricetin were given by gavage in low,medium and high dose experimental groups,while mice in positive control group were intragastricated with 100 mg·kg-1 Vitamin C once a day for 4 weeks.After administration,superoxide dismutase(SOD),malondialdehyde(MDA)and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)were detected by the kit.The expression of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2(Nrf2)and heme oxygenase-1(HO-1)protein were detected by Western blot.Results SOD levels in control group,model group and low,medium,high dose experimental groups and positive control group were(57.81±6.92),(26.85±2.74),(33.68±4.52),(39.74±3.95),(48.97±4.26)and(39.22±3.54)U·mg-1;MDA were(4.72±0.36),(10.48±1.68),(8.75±0.82),(6.43±0.71),(5.11±0.48)and(6.36±0.64)nmol·mg-1;LDH were(268.71±23.94),(726.58±81.26),(621.32±47.59),(479.12±50.24),(337.91±34.99)and(486.15±50.98)U·L-1;Nrf2 protein expression were 0.75±0.06,0.19±0.02,0.30±0.04,0.47±0.05,0.63±0.06 and 0.49±0.06;the protein expression of HO-1 were 0.83±0.08,0.27±0.05,0.39±0.04,0.52±0.03,0.77±0.07 and 0.55±0.06,respectively.There were statistically significant differences between control group and model group(all P＜0.05);there were statistically significant differences in the above indexes between model group and positive control group,low dose experimental group,medium dose experimental group,high dose experimental group(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Dihydromyricetin can delay myocardial oxidative injury in exhaustive exercise mice,which may be related to Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.

Objective To investigate the effects of verbascoside on oxygen consumption and mitochondrial enzyme activities in skeletal muscle of rats with intense exercise.Methods Fifty SD rats were randomly divided into control group,model group,experimental-L,-M,-H groups.Exercise training was performed in all groups except the control group.The control group and model group were given 2 mL of 0.9％NaCl,the experimental-L,-M,-H groups was given 20,40,80 mg·kg-1·d-1 verbascoside.The activities of Na+/K+-ATP and Ca2+/Mg2+-ATP were detected by kit.Protein expressions of optic atrophy 1(Opa1),mitochondrial fusion(Mfn)1 and Mfn2 were detected by Western blot.Results The Na+/K+-ATP of experimental-L,-M,-H groups,model group and blank group were(2.74±0.44),(3.50±0.38),(4.39±0.41),(2.13±0.32)and(5.75±0.42)U·mg-1;Ca2+/Mg2+-ATP were(4.01±0.32),(4.82±0.79),(6.57±0.70),(3.51±0.35)and(8.92±1.14)U·mg-1;Opa-1 were 0.40±0.05,0.52±0.04,0.69±0.09,0.25±0.06 and 0.78±0.11;Mfn1 were 0.47±0.06,0.59±0.07,0.74±0.08,0.32±0.05 and 0.89±0.12;Mfn2 were 0.51±0.07,0.65±0.06,0.83±0.06,0.35±0.06 and 1.02±0.13,respectively.There was statistical significance between control group and model group(all P＜0.05);there were statistically significant differences in the above indexes between the experimental-L,-M,-H groups and the model group(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Verminoside can improve the oxygen consumption and mitochondrial enzyme activity of skeletal muscle and increase the antioxidant capacity of rats with intense exercise.

Objective To observe the relationship between serum and monocyte-derivedmacrophages secreted adipocyte fatty acid binding protein(A-FABP), adiponectin(or A-FABP/adiponectin ratio)and coronary artery disease. Methods Three hundred and forty subjects underwent coronary angiography(CAG)were classified into CAD group(n = 211)and non-CAD group(n = 129)according to the CAG results. The severity of coronary artery stenosis was assessed by the numbers of involved coronary artery branches and the sum of the Gensini scores. Fasting venous blood was collected from all subjects and peripheral monocytes were isolated from 20 subjects(10 selected from each group with age-, gender-, and BMI-matched). Peripheral blood monocytes were obtained and stimulated into macrophages with PMA, cell culture supernatant was collected. The concentration of serum/supernatant A-FABP and adiponectin levels were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results(1)A-FABP levels tendend to be higher in CAD patients compared to non-CAD subjects[18. 3(13.2,22. 8)μg/L vs. 16. 4(13.5,20. 4)μg/L,P = 0. 088]. The concentration of adiponectin in CAD group was significantly lower than those in non-CAD group[13.9(9.8,17.1)mg/L vs. 19.7(14.5,27.6)mg/L,P ＜0.05].(2)The A-FABP levels increased and the adiponectin levels decreased as the number of stenotic vessels increased. Gensini scores were positively correlated with serum A-FABP(r = 0. 120, P = 0.043)and inversely correlated with adiponectin(r = - 0. 405, P = 0. 007).(3)The difference in A-FABP/adiponectin ratio was moreprominent between subjects with CAD and subjects without CAD[(1.51 ±0. 79)μg/mg vs.(0. 89 ±0. 30)μg/mg, P ＜ 0. 01]and there was a stronger positive correlation of Gensini score to A-FABP/adiponectin ratio(r =0. 531, P =0. 000).(4)Monocyte-derived-macrophages from patients with CAD had higher A-FABP/adiponectin ratio than that in patients without CAD[(0. 51 ± 0. 19)μg/mg vs.(0. 36 ± 0. 11)μg/mg, P ＜ 0. 05]. Conclusions Increased levels of serum A-FABP and reduced levels of adiponectin in CAD patients serves as a novel biomarker for the severity of the coronary stenosis. A-FABP/adiponectin ratio is superior to A-FABP or adiponectin alone on predicting CAD risks.

Decompression, Surgical ; Gout ; Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; Spinal Stenosis

Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mercury ; urine ; Middle Aged ; Reference Values ; Spectrophotometry, Atomic

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether heroin can directly induce apoptosis in primary cultured cortical neurons of rat's brain. METHODS: Cultured primary neurons cultures were obtained from cerebral cortex of embryo rats. After 7 days, the cells were incubated with different concentrations of heroin (purity-80%) for 24 hours. The neuronal survival was assessed by cell viability counting with fluorescent diacetate (FDA) staining. The morphological and biochemical changes were observed with Hoechst 33258 fluorescent staining and then analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis, respectively. RESULTS: After treatment with different concentrations of heroin, the neurons showed a decreased survival rate in a dose dependent manner, and there was a significant difference in the survival rate between the heroin group and the control group (P < 0.05). When exposed to different concentrations of heroin, neurons exhibited the morphological and biochemical features of apoptosis, including cell shrinkage, neurite degeneration, network disappearance, condensation and aggregation of nuclear chromatin, and the formation of DNA ladders. With the increase of heroin concentration of rat's brain more apoptotic bodies were seen. CONCLUSION Heroin can directly induce apoptosis in primary cultured cortical neurons in rat's brain.
Animals ; Apoptosis/drug effects* ; Cell Nucleus/pathology* ; Cell Survival/drug effects* ; Cells, Cultured ; Cerebral Cortex/pathology* ; DNA Fragmentation/drug effects* ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Electrophoresis, Agar Gel/methods* ; Female ; Heroin/pharmacology* ; Male ; Neurons/pathology* ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Staining and Labeling

OBJECTIVE: To explore the application value of serum total IgE, tryptase and chymase in the identification of death caused by drug anaphylactic shock. METHODS: The general information from 235 cases of non-drug anaphylactic shock and 32 cases of drug anaphylactic shock were analyzed. The serum IgE level had been detected in the cases. Ten cases caused by coronary disease and 10 cases caused by sudden manhood death syndrome were selected from non-drug anaphylactic shock cases for the control group. Expressions of tryptase and chymase in the lung and heart were detected using immunohistochemistry method. The number and IOD of positive mast cells were counted. RESULTS: In the drug anaphylactic shock group, the IgE value of 18 samples (56.25%) was significantly higher than the normal upper limit of 120 IU/mL. In the non-drug anaphylactic shock group, the IgE value of 67 samples (28.51%) was higher than 120 IU/mL. The expressions of tryptase and chymase were significantly increased in lung and myocardial tissue in drug anaphylactic shock group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Tryptase and chymase are more superior than that of the serum total IgE in the diagnosis of death caused by drug anaphylactic shock, and are more suitable in forensic practice.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Anaphylaxis/pathology* ; Autopsy ; Case-Control Studies ; Cause of Death ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Chymases/metabolism* ; Death, Sudden, Cardiac/pathology* ; Drug Hypersensitivity ; Female ; Forensic Pathology ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E/blood* ; Immunohistochemistry ; Infant ; Lung/pathology* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardium/pathology* ; Tryptases/metabolism* ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the different expressions of endothelin-1 ET-1) in prostate cancer (PCa) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) tissues and their clinical significance.

METHODSA total of 36 BPH and 44 PCa specimens were examined for the expression of ET-1 by immunohistochemical technique (Elivision plus method). The staining intensity for ET-1 was assessed by light microscopy on a scale from "-" to "+ + +".

RESULTSPositive immunoreactivity was found in BPH and PCa, with a positive rate of 100%. Positive staining was located mostly in the cytoplasm of glandular epithelia and smooth muscle cells of both BPH and PCa and was noted in all stroma vascular endothelial cells. These were no significant differences in the intensity of positive staining for ET-1 between the groups of BPH and PCa (P > 0.05), bone metastasis (BM) and non-BM (P > 0.05), and highly and moderately differentiated PCa (P > 0.05), but the staining intensity for ET-1 was significantly higher in the poorly than in the highly and moderately differentiated PCa (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONET-1 has a high expression and the localization is the same in both BPH and PCa. It is involved in the development and progression of BPH and PCa.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Endothelin-1 ; biosynthesis ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prostate ; metabolism ; pathology ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; metabolism ; pathology ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology

OBJECTIVE: To explore the mechanism that how human enterovirus 71 (EV71) invades the brainstem and how intercellular adhesion molecules-1 (ICAM-1) participates by analyzing the expression and distribution of human EV71, and ICAM-1 in brainstem of infants with brain stem encephalitis. METHODS: Twenty-two brainstem of infants with brain stem encephalitis were collected as the experimental group and 10 brainstems of fatal congenital heart disease were selected as the control group. The sections with perivascular cuffings were selected to observe EV71-VP1 expression by immunohistochemistry method and ICAM-1 expression was detected for the sections with EV71-VP1 positive expression. The staining image analysis and statistics analysis were performed. The experiment and control groups were compared. RESULTS: (1) EV71-VP1 positive cells in the experimental group were mainly astrocytes in brainstem with [dark]-brown particles, and the control group was negative. (2) ICAM-1 positive cells showed [dark]-brown. The expression in inflammatory cells (around blood vessels of brain stem and in glial nodules) and gliocytes increased. The results showed statistical difference comparing with control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The brainstem encephalitis can be used to diagnose fatal EV71 infection in infants. EV71 can invade the brainstem via hematogenous route. ICAM-1 may play an important role in the pathogenic process.
Astrocytes/pathology* ; Brain Stem/virology* ; Case-Control Studies ; Encephalitis, Viral/virology* ; Enterovirus A, Human/metabolism* ; Female ; Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease/virology* ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Infant ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/metabolism* ; Male