Abstract: Objective To understand the distribution and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria of bloodstream infection in Fujian Province, and to provide reference for clinical rational drug use. Methods Bacteria identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test were carried out on the isolated strains of blood culture samples in 31 medical institutions in Fujian Province according to the unified plan. The data were statistically analyzed by WHONET 5.6 software according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) drug sensitivity executive standard in 2021. Results After removing the duplicate strains, 10 356 strains of bacteria were collected, including 3 668 strains of Gram-positive bacteria (35.4%) and 6 688 strains of Gram-negative bacteria (64.6%). The top 5 bacteria are Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, coagulase negative Staphylococcus, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In this study, the detection rate of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was 24.5%, and the detection rate of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus aureus (MRCNS) was 76.8%. Vancomycin, teicoplanin and linezolid resistant staphylococci were not found. The detection rate of penicillin resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae was 3.2%. Vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium were 0.8% and 1.1% respectively. The resistance rate of Escherichia coli to carbapenems was 0.8%, and the resistance rate to levofloxacin was 41.9%; the resistance rate of Klebsiella pneumoniae to carbapenems was 15.0%. The resistance rate of Acinetobacter baumannii to carbapenems was 45.1%; the detection rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was only 14.2%, and it maintained a high sensitivity to most drugs. Conclusions Most bloodstream infections in Fujian Province are caused by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus. The drug resistance of some strains is not optimistic, so we should continue to strengthen the clinical application management of antibiotics and use them correctly and reasonably. Keywords: Bloodstream infection; bacteria; antibiotics; drug resistance monitoring

Objective To explore the value of 18F-FDG PET/CT on the assessment of chemotherapy response in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Methods 18F-FDG PET/CT was performed before and after 4 cycles of chemotherapy( R-CHOP or CHOP protocol) in 53 patients with DLBCL. The patients were divided into 3 groups: complete response group, partial response group and no response group. The therapeutic response was assessed by comparing post-treatment 18F-FDG PET/CT with pre-treatment PET/CT. Complete remission (CR) rate at the end of chemotherapy was calculated. χ2 test was performed with software SPSS 13.0. Results CR rates of complete response group, partially response group and no response group were 88.5% (23/26), 73.3% (11/15) and 8.3% (1/12), respectively (χ2=23.548, P=0.000). CR rates of the complete and partially response groups were significantly higher than those of no response group (χ2=22.656, P=0.000; χ2=11.407, P=0.001). Conclusion 18F-FDG PET/CT may be useful for the assessment of chemotherapy response in DLBCL.

A new steroidal ester, beta-rosaterol palmitate (1) along with ten known compounds, uvaol(2), 3-epi-ursolic acid (3), 2alpha, 3beta, 24-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid (4), 2alpha, 3alpha, 24-trihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid (5), 2alpha, 3alpha, 24-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid (6), 2alpha, 3alpha, 24-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid-28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester (7), (Z)-9-hexadecenoic acid (8), octacosyl alcohol (9), beta-sitosterol (10) and beta-daucosterol (11), has been isolated from the stems and leaves of Vitex trifolia. Their structures were elucidated using a combination of 1D and 2D NMR techniques (COSY, HMQC, and HMBC)and HR-ESI-MS analyses. Compounds 2-7 were isolated from this plant for the first time.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Molecular Structure ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; Vitex ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo investigate the protective effects of Jiedu Tongluo injection on cerebral edema induced by focal lesion of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion, the hydrous content of brain and the expressions of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), E-selectin and MMP-9 in rats.

METHODThe model of brain middle cerebral artery ischemia/reperfusion was established by the thread approach. After 24 hours of reperfusion, cerebral edema formation was determined by the hydrous content of brain. The permeability of blood brain barrier was evaluated based on the leakage of Evans blue. Enzyme-linked immunoadsordent assay (ELISA)was used to examine the expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E-selectin. The expression of MMP-9 was measured by immunohistochemistry.

RESULTJDTL, in the dose of 2 mL x kg(-1) and 4 mL x kg(-1), relieved cerebral edema (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), reduced the expressions of ICAM-1, VCAM-land E-selectin and decreased MMP-9 activity (P < 0. 05, P < 0.01) in model rats.

CONCLUSIONJiedu Tongluo injection has a protective effect on rat brain from cerebral edema induced by the injury of focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. The mechanism is related to that Jiedu Tongluo injection can reduce the expressions of ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and E-selectin and inhibit of MMP-9 activation in rat brain.

Animals ; Blood-Brain Barrier ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Brain Edema ; etiology ; metabolism ; prevention & control ; Brain Ischemia ; complications ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; E-Selectin ; metabolism ; Evans Blue ; metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic ; drug effects ; Injections ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ; metabolism ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; metabolism ; Permeability ; drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reperfusion Injury ; complications ; Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 ; metabolism

The overexpression of doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1) is closely related to the occurrence and development of various malignant tumors. Discovery of novel anti-tumor agents targeting DCLK1 represents a hot spot in this field. So far, several DCLK1 small molecule inhibitors with excellent anti-tumor activity in vitro and in vivo have been designed and synthesized, which is expected to provide a new strategy for tumor therapy. This article reviews the research progress in the discovery, structure type, structural optimization, biological activity and mechanism of action of DCLK1 small molecule inhibitors, and provides research basis for the development of new anti-tumor small molecule inhibitors targeting DCLK1.

The composition of intestinal microflora is closely related to the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer (CRC). Among them, Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) has been proved directly related to the recurrence, metastasis and chemotherapy resistance of CRC. Therefore, it is of great significance for the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer by the exploration potential anti-Fn drug targets and discovery small molecule drugs. However, no selective anti-Fn small molecule inhibitors have been reported so far as well as their anti-Fn thereby "anti-Fn further anticancer" mechanisms are unclear. Herein, this article reviews the potential therapeutic targets and small molecule ligands of Fn in order to provide a reference for the development of anti-Fn and anti-CRC small molecule drugs.

Acetylcholine and A23187, two acetylcholinergic agonists, were used to induce the stimulus-secretion coupling of the isolated rat adrenal medulla cells. Morphometry of numerical density and electron probe X-ray quantitative microanalysis were adopted to measure the alterations in the number and calcium content of chromaffin granules in adrenal medulla cells during the agonist treatment. Secretion of epinephrine was detected by the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). It was found that the Ca content of the isolated rat adrenal medulla chromaffin granules dropped significantly after a 10-min incubation with the agonists, whereas the number of chromaffin granule decreased slowly during the agonist treatment and the epinephrine concentration raised significantly after a 20-min incubation with the agonists. The decrease of granule Ca content occurred earlier than the increase of epinephrine concentration, suggesting that the calcium released from chromaffin granule may in part account for the induced cell secretion.

Objective To isolate and identify the adult neural stem cells from the parenchyma of spinal cord in adult mouse.Methods The parenchymal spinal cord from adult mouse was dissected and dissociated by mechanical trituration.The tissue suspension was cultured in serum-free DMEM/F12 medium supplemented with EGF and B27.The cell colonies generated from a single cell were screened by limited dilution and incubated with BrdU.The cell colonies were transferred into medium with serum to induce differentiation.The cells were identified with antibodies to Nestin,BrdU,MAP2 and GFAP by immunofluorescence staining.Results The cells were cultured for seven days to generate proliferative neurospheres.The majority of cells in these neurospheres expressed Nestin and were differentiated into MAP2-positive cells and GFAP-positive cells in medium containing with fetal bovine serum.Conclusion A significant number of neural stem cells are present in the parenchymal adult mouse spinal cord and can proliferate and also give rise to neurons and glia in vitro.

D ue to the negative autopsy and w ithout cardiac structural abnorm alities, unexpected sudden cardiac death (U SC D ) is alw ays a tough issue for forensic pathological expertise. U SC D m ay be asso-ciated w ith parts of fatal arrhythm ic diseases. T hese arrhythm ic diseases m ay be caused by disorders of cardiac ion channels or channel-related proteins. C aveolin can com bine w ith m ultiple m yocardial ion channel proteins through its scaffolding regions and plays an im portant role in m aintaining the depolar-ization and repolarization of cardiac action potential. W hen the structure and function of caveolin are af-fected by gene m utations or abnorm al protein expression, the functions of the regulated ion channels are correspondingly im paired, w hich leads to the occurrence of m ultiple channelopathies, arrhythm ia or even sudden cardiac death. It is im portant to study the effects of caveolin on the functions of ion channels for exploring the m echanism s of m alignant arrhythm ia and sudden cardiac death.

Objective To assess the value of 11 C-methionine (MET) PET/CT for the diagnosis of residual or recurrent glioma in comparison to 18 F-FDG PET/CT. Methods Forty-six patients suspected of residual or recurrent glioma underwent both 11 C-MET and 18 F-FDG PET/CT within 5-day interval. The glioma was considered as positive on PET/CT images based on ( 1 ) visual judgment of higher tracer uptake compared with the normal gray matter; (2) semiquantitative analysis of tumor to contralateral normal gray matter (T/G) and contralateral normal white matter (T/W) ratios. The diagnosis was confirmed by stereotsctic biopsy or radiological findings of MRI or CT and clinical follow-up ( ＞6 months). The Chi-square test and paired t test were used for statistical analysis. Results Residual or recurrent glioma was confirmed in 36 patients. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy of 11C-MET and 18F-FDG PET/CT were 94.4% (34/36) vs 47.2% (17/36), 90.0% (9/10) vs 100% (10/10), 93.5% (43/46) va 58.7% (27/46) (x2 =19. 429, 1. 053, 15. 294, P ＜0.001, ＞0.05, ＜0.001 ), respectively. The T/G and T/W ratios of residual/recurrent giloma by 11 C-MET were significantly higher than those by 18 F-FDG (T/G ratio: 1.68 ± 0.23 vs 1.13 ±0.51, t = 5. 877, P ＜ 0. 001; T/W ratio: 2.52 ± 0.28 vs 1.42 ± 0. 57, t = 10. 470, P ＜0. 001 ). Conclusion 11 C-MET PET/CT is more sensitive and accurate than 18 F-FDG PET/CT for the detection of residual or recurrent glioma.