Acute Disease ; Asthma ; drug therapy ; Bronchodilator Agents ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Male ; Theophylline ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome

BACKGROUND: The effect of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) during traumatic brain injury (TBI) and whether it can modulate secondary injury has not been reported previously. The present study evaluated the potential protective effects of ventricular infusion of PACAP in a rat model of TBI. METHODS: Male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 treatment groups (n=6, each): sham-operated, vehicle (normal saline)+TBI, and PACAP+TBI. Normal saline or PACAP (1g/5L) was administered intracerebroventricularly 20 minutes before TBI. Right parietal cortical contusion was produced via a weight-dropping method. Brains were extracted 24 hours after trauma. Histological changes in brains were examined by HE staining. The numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in blood and the spleen were detected via flow cytometry. RESULTS: In injured brain regions, edema, hemorrhage, inflammatory cell infiltration, and swollen and degenerated neurons were observed under a light microscope, and the neurons were disorderly arrayed in the hippocampi. Compared to the sham group, average CD4+ CD8– lymphocyte counts in blood and the spleen were significantly decreased in rats that received TBI+vehicle, and CD4– CD8+ were increased. In rats administered PACAP prior to TBI, damage was attenuated as evidenced by significantly increased CD4+, and decreased CD8+, T lymphocytes in blood and the spleen. CONCLUSION: Pretreatment with PACAP may protect against TBI by influencing periphery T cellular immune function.

This study is to investigate the effect of ibudilast on apoptosis of airway eosinophil in asthmatic guinea pigs and its mechanism. Experimental asthma model of guinea pigs was induced with ovalbumin (OVA). Differential count in BALF was examined. The apoptosis of eosinophils (EOS) was labeled with TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) technique. Fas mRNA expression of EOS was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The quantification of GM-CSF and IL-5 in BALF was conducted with ELISA. After treatment of ibudilast, the number of EOS and the quantification of GM-CSF and IL-5 decreased significantly. The number of apoptotic cells as well as Fas mRNA expression of EOS obviously increased. The results indicated that anti-asthma mechanisms of ibudilast can antagonize asthma through decreasing the number of EOS, inducing apoptosis of EOS, enhancing Fas mRNA expression of EOS and reducing the content of GM-CSF and IL-5.
Animals ; Anti-Asthmatic Agents ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Asthma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; Eosinophils ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Female ; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor ; metabolism ; Guinea Pigs ; Interleukin-5 ; metabolism ; Male ; Pyridines ; pharmacology ; fas Receptor ; metabolism

Strict regulation of HIV-1 PR function is critical for efficient production of mature viral particles. During viral protein expression and viral assembly, HIV-1 PR located within Gag-Pol precursor must be inactive to prevent premature cytoplasmic processing of the viral Gag and Gag-Pol precursors. Premature activation of HIV-1 precursors leads to major defects in viral assembly and production of viral particles. A cell-level premature activation of HIV-1 precursors assay using bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) was established. Three thousand compounds were screened to evaluate this assay. The results showed that the assay is sensitive, specific and stable (Z' factor is 0.905).

The HIV-1 Rev protein facilitates nuclear export of unspliced and singly spliced viral transcripts containing RRE RNA through the CRM1 export pathway. Inhibition of Rev-mediated RNA nuclear export can arrest HIV-1 transcriptional process, which clearly, reveals a target for anti-HIV drug development. In this work, a cell-based assay has been established for screening anti-HIV compounds targeting the Rev-mediated RNA nuclear export. This assay utilized a codon-optimized green fluorescent protein (GFP) as reporter gene, which expression is in a Rev-dependent manner. Any compound that inhibits the Rev-mediated RNA nuclear export is identified by reducing emission of GFP. The Z' score of this model is 0.8220. Three thousands compounds were screened and the positive rate was 9.3% with a cutoff at 50% inhibition. IMB7C7, one of the positive compounds, efficiently inhibits viral production from HIV-1 infected cells.

Objective To investigate the interpersonal disturbances and its related factors among college students.Methods The field questionnaire survey was conducted among 730 college students with stratified-cluster sampling method in Zhengzhou University.The self-administered anonymous survey instruments included the Interpersonal Relationships Integrated Diagnosis Questionnaire,Parental Bonding Instrument questionnaire,Self-Rating Anxiety Scale and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.Results ①Detection rate of interpersonal relationship disturbance was 47.8％ in 730 college students.Severe interpersonal disturbances accounted for 16.3％.The most serious problem was communication and making friends disturbance which accounted for 58.5％ of the total.②)There were statistical differences of conversation scores ((2.15± 1.66),(2.53± 1.83),(2.22± 1.79)) among different major college students (medical,engineering,liberal arts) (P＜0.05).A statistical difference was found in making friends((2.76±1.89),(3.18± 1.92)) and getting along with opposite gender ((2.23 ± 1.82),(1.81 ± 1.66)) between male and female (P＜ 0.05).There were significant differences of conversation ((2.58 ± 1.84),(2.02 ± 1.65)),making friends ((3.28 ± 1.93),(2.78 ±1.88)) and getting along with opposite gender ((2.16± 1.75),(1.77± 1.69)) between grade one and three students(P＜0.05).③The interpersonal disturbances were significantly related to parental bonding styles,anxiety and sleep quality.④The results of logistic regression showed that anxiety was the main risk factor (B =1.42,OR=4.4,95％ CI =1.74-9.86,P＜0.01) and maternal parenting style and sleep quality were protective factors(P＜0.01)of interpersonal disturbances.Conclusion The interpersonal disturbance,which are severe and affected by multiple factors in college students,should be paid attention by school,society and family to improve their learning and growing environment in order to promote their physical and mental health.

Objective To compare the diagnostic value of high frequency ultrasound,mammography and breast blood-oxygen function imaging system in diagnosis of breast masses.Methods The images of 89 breast masses by high frequency ultrasound,mammography and breast blood-oxygen function imaging system were reviewed.The study compared the sensibilities and specificities of the three methods in the masses and analyzed their cause of missed diagnosis.Results The sensitivity of the diagnosis of breast cancer by high frequency ultrasound,mammography and breast blood-oxygen function imaging system were 80.00％,70.00％ and 50.00％,respectively.The specificity of the diagnosis of breast cancer by them were 94.94％,98.73％ and 97.47％,respectively.There were sigmfiacant differences in diagnosis of breast benign lesion among the high frequency ultrasound,mammography and breast blood-oxygen function imaging system.The sensitivity of high frequency ultrasound in detecting fibroadenoma of breast was 98.11％ higher than the other methods.Mammography was insensitive to the benign breast lesions,but its specificity was high.Conclusions High frequency ultrasound,mammography and breast blood-oxygen function imaging system are the highly effective diagnostic tool for breast cancer,but the diagnostic value of mammography and breast blood-oxygen in breast fibroadenoma and in cystic disease of breast aren' t high.Breast blood-oxygen function imaging system can enhance the accuracy of the diagnosis of mammary inflammation.

Objective Using CT perfusion (CTP) technique,to investigate the graft perfusion changes in patients with hepatic artery stenosis (HAS) with or without ischemic-type biliary lesions (ITBL) after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT).Methods Thirteen recipients with HAS received CTP scan of the liver,including 8 with ITBL and 5 without ITBL.For all patients,the diagnosis of HAS was made by CTA,and the diagnosis of ITBL by percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography.CT perfusion indices were obtained,including hepatic artery perfusion (HAP),portal vein perfusion (PVP),total liver perfusion (TLP) and hepatic perfusion index (HPI).Results Of the 13 patients with HAS,mean HAP in patients with and without ITBL was 59.8 and 35.1 ml·min-1 ·100 ml-1 (P =0.021,two-tailed paired Student t test) ; mean PVP was 125.4 and 166.2 ml·min-1·100 m1-1 (P =0.016) ; mean TLP was 185.2 and 201.3 ml· min-1 · 100 ml-1 (P =0.306) ; and mean HPI was 33.6 and 18.2 (P =0.005),respectively.Conclusion Using CTP technique,liver perfusion changes were reflected by measuring CTP indices noninvasively.Compared to those without ITBL in this study,HAP and HPI in patients with ITBL were higher and PVP was lower,which may be contributed to biliary inflammation.

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L ) and lipoprotein associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2 ) in the assessment of coronary artery severity and risk classification in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS).Methods Of the 9 6 patients with coronary heart disease diagnosed by coronary angiography,2 8 patients had stable angina pectoris (SAP),38 patients unstable angina pectoris (UAP)and 30 patients acute non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI).Another 30 patients with non-coronary heart disease (NC)served as controls.The sCD40L and Lp-PLA2 levels were determined by enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA)method.The Gensini score was used to assess the severity of coronary artery and analyze the correlation with sCD40L and Lp-PLA2.The correlation of sCD40L and Lp-PLA2 with GRACE risk score was analyzed too.Results ① sCD40L was significantly higher in NSTEMI and UAP groups than in SAP and NC groups (P<0 .0 5 ),but there was no significant difference between NSTEMI and UAP groups (P>0 .0 5 )or SAP and NC groups (P>0 .0 5 ).Lp-PLA2 was significantly higher in NSTEMI group than in UAP,SAP and NC groups (P<0.05).Lp-PLA2 was significantly higher in UAP group than in SAP and NC groups (P<0.05).② We found that sCD40L had obvious correlation with Lp-PLA2 (r=0.284, P<0.01),Gensini score (r=0.213,P<0.05),and GRACE (r=0.224,P<0.05).Lp-PLA2 was significantly correlated with Gensini score (r=0.270,P<0.05),and GRACE (r=0.323,P<0.01).③ Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that Lp-PLA2 was independently associated with NSTE-ACS (P<0.05).Conclusion The sCD40L and Lp-PLA2 which were significantly elevated in NSTE-ACS are correlated with the severity of coronary artery disease.The two indexes indicate the instability of atherosclerotic plaque;thus they can be used as predictors of risk assessment in coronary heart disease.

Objective To detect the levels of CD31+/CD42b- and CD144+ endothelial microparticles (EMPs)in plasma,and analyze the relationship with carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT)and the risk factors of atherosclerosis.Methods Totally 122 outpatients and inpatients in our hospital were selected,and carotid artery ultrasound examination was performed.The results were divided into a thickening group (62 cases)and a control group (60 cases).Flow cytometry was used to detect the levels of CD31+/CD42b- and CD144+ EMPs in the blood to analyze the relationship between the level of endothelial cells and CIMT,and to investigate the relationship between the level of plasma EMPs and the risk factors of atherosclerosis.Results Compared with the control group,the levels of EMPs of CD31+/CD42b- and CD144+ were significantly higher.In the correlation analysis, plasma CD31+/CD42b- and CD144+EMPs levels were positively correlated with CIMT;in multi-factor Logistic regression analysis,CD31+/CD42b- EMPs levels were correlated positively with age,TC and Cys C;plasma CD144+ EMPs levels were correlated with UA and BMI.Conclusion The levels of CD31+/CD42b-,CD144+EMPs in plasma were correlated with CIMT,guiding early prevention of cardiovascular diseases.