BACKGROUND:Orthopedic lumbar disc herniation is a common and frequently-occurring disease which causes low back pain. Selection of surgical therapy and postoperation efficacy on lumbar disc herniation are hot focus in present study.
OBJECTIVE:To summarize current research and progress on surgical treatment of lumbar disc herniation. METHODS:The databases of PubMed and China National Knowledge Infrastructure were searched from January 1990 to January 2014 for articles on surgical treatment of lumbar disc herniation. Keywords were“Lumbar Herniated Disc;Surgical Therapy”in Chinese and English. Final y, 61 literatures were chosen.
RESULTS and CONCLUSION:There are a variety of surgical treatments for lumbar disc herniation at present, including traditional surgical procedures, lumbar fusion, percutaneous lumbar discectomy, percutaneous laser decompression, chemonucleolysis, artificial nucleus replacement, and artificial lumbar disc replacement. This study reviewed surgical methods, indication, efficacy and prognosis, and summarized the new progression of repair and therapy of lumbar disc herniation. Results found that posterior lumbar discectomy remains the most widely used and the most mature procedure, but this method has many complications and induces great trauma. Minimal y invasive treatment for lumbar disc herniation is considered to be the future direction for smal surgical trauma, less complications and fast recovery, but the surgical indications are narrow and the operation is relatively difficult, so this method stil needs more improvement and development. Lumbar disc replacement is a new treatment for lumbar disc herniation which has a good short-term postoperative fol ow-up, but the long-term prognosis stil has many problems and complications. Lumbar disc replacement needs more research and development in alternative materials and surgical approach, and should be widely applied after large-sample tests.

The anatomically and functionally complex nature of the temporomandibularjoint (TMJ) makes its reconstruction one of the most challenging tasks faced by surgeons who operate in the head and neck. TMJ prosthesis is one of the important techniques in the reconstruction of TMJ. The main indications for TMJ prosthesis include ankylosis, fractures of condylar that can't be fixed, trauma or tumor, end-stage TMJ disturbance, and TMJ dysplasia caused by Hallermann-Streiff syndrome. TMJ replacement aims to enhance the function of TMJ, alleviate pain, and prevent serious complications. TMJ prosthesis is advantageous in oral and maxillofacial surgery because it can imitate normal anatomic morphology and adhere to the host. Moreover, the use of other materials is no longer necessary and functional training can be started postoperatively at once, among others. Prosthetic materials have leading and promoting functions in the development of joint prosthesis. Good design, fit shape, and fixation are the necessary conditions for prosthesis to serve its function. Investigation of joint biomechanics is also necessary. With the rapid developments in material science, joint biomechanics, and other related subjects, TMJ prosthesis has been significantly improved in terms of its materials, design, fit shape, and fixation techniques. In addition, the development of TMJ prosthesis would expand its applications. This review intends to provide an overview about the progress and clinical application of TMJ prosthesis.
Ankylosis ; Arthroplasty, Replacement ; Humans ; Joint Prosthesis ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Temporomandibular Joint ; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders

Objective To explore the effect of intrahepatic injection of liposome-mediated VEGF plasmid on ischemia-reper-fusion liver injury and its mechanism. Methods Rabbits were randomly divided into normal group, ischemia-reperfusion group and recombinant VEGF therapy group( liposome-mediated transfer of VEGF plasmid into liver via portal vein 20 min before ischemia of liver). The model of liver ischemia-reperfusion injury was established. Liver function and the activity of SOD.XO in blood were determined at the 0,2nd,6th,12th,and 24th h after operation. RT-PCR technique was applied to detect the expression level of Fas mRNA in liver tissues of every group,and flow cytometry was used to measure cell apoptosis rate at the 6th h after operation. At the 24th h after operation,all rabbits were killed and liver tissues of ischemia were taken to make pathological sections for observing the morphology and microstructure under the light microscopy and electron microscopy. ResuJts The level of ALT in recombinant VEGF therapy group was markedly reduced as compared with ischemia-reperfusion group at the 6th,12th,and 24th h after operation( P<0. 05). The activity of SOD in recombinant VEGF therapy group was significantly higher than in ischemia-reperfusion group at the 6th, 12th,and 24th h after operation. The activity of XO in recombinant VEGF therapy group was significantly lower than that in ischemia-reperfusion group at the 6th,12th,and 24th h after operation(P< 0. 05 or P<0. 01). In addition,there was significant difference in the expression of Fas mRNA and cell apoptosis rate between recombinant VEGF therapy group and ischemia-reperfusion group(P<0. 01). The injury of hepatocytes in recombinant VEGF therapy group was significantly alleviated as compared with that in ischemia-reperfusion group under the light microscopy and e-lectron microscopy. Conclusion Liposome-mediated transfer of VEGF plasmid into liver before ischemia of liver can obviously protect hepatocytes by increasing anti-oxidative ability, decreasing the expression of Fas mRNA, and finally inhibiting hepato-cyte apoptosis.

Objective To explore the role of Fas gene expression in pathogenesis of human colonic cancer tissue.Method Expression of Fas gene protein in benign and malignant colonic tissue was detected by using flow cytometry in forty patients.Results Expression rate of Fas in normal control mucosas was(12 17?3 68)%.The expression rate in colonic cancer tissue was lower than both normal control group and benign tissue.The expression rate in inflammatory tissue was higher than the normal mucosal tissue,and the expression rate was correlated with the tumor differentiation.Conclusions Fas-mediated apoptosis may play an important role in carcinogenesis of colonic tissue.

Objective To obsrve the effects of thalidomide on angiogenesis, growth and metastasis of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in nude mice. Methods The model bearing HCC was set up in 24 nude mice, and then the rats were randomly divided into therapy group and control group, each containing 12 animal. Thalidomide (200mg/kg/d) dissolved in 0.5% CMC suspension was administered intraperitoneally in the therapy group, and equivalent 0.5% CMC was administered in the control group. Mice were sacrificed at the 30th day after administration, the size and weight of tumors and metastatic condition in liver and lung were determined, levels of CD34 and VEGF mRNA in tumor tissues were detected by immunohistochemical and semi-quantitative RT-PCR, respectively, and microvessel density (MVD) in tumor tissues was also counted. Results MVD and VEGF mRNA level in therapy group were lower than those in control group (P

Objective To understand the difference of serological characteristic between alloantibodies,'simple'Rhspecific autoantibodies and autoantibodies mimicking alloantibodies by studies of a patient who produces alloantibodies and autoantibodies that to distinguish Serologically them in order to more appropriate RBC component transfusion administration would be performed for patients.Methods Several serological methods were performed to the patient's serum samples for identification of antibodies by using two antibody screening cell reagents from different manufacturers.Using adsorption of the patient's Rh antibodies in the presence of LISS with the antibody was similar to that of the antigen negative cell from a donor who had a ccDEE Rh type and O type,and to detect antibodies in the absorbed serum and the eluting solution.Results The patient had a ccDEE Rh type with a positive direct antiglobulin test (DAT).Serum antibodies were identified as IgM anti-C,anti-e and IgG anti-e;the possibility of anti-Ce antibody is not excluded.After absorption,serum antibodies were identified as IgM anti-C,anti-e and IgG anti-e;anti-Ce antibody is not excluded.The antibody in patient's RBC elution was identified as IgG anti-e antibody.Conclusion Alloantibody and mimicking alloantibody can be distinguished by comprehensive analysis of patient's Rh phenotype,DAT result and antibody specificity in the serum and absorbed serum and elution of RBC.The low affinity antibody can be better absorbed by adding low ionic liquid (LISS).

Androgen deprivation therapy can effectively suppress the progression of prostate cancer, but accumulating evidence for the relationship of testosterone with prostate cancer challenges the conventional wisdom. High levels of testosterone are not risk factors for prostate cancer, nor promote its development. On the contrary, a low testosterone level indicates a worse pathological stage. So far there has been no strong evidence to prove the role of testosterone in the occurrence and progression of prostate cancer. Therefore, the relationship between testosterone and prostate cancer is quite complicated and deserves further investigation.
Humans ; Male ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Testosterone

AIM: To investigate the effect of ginsenoside-Rg3 on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in retina with diabetic rats and its roles in preventing neovascularization in diabetes. METHODS: Sixty male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups randomly: negative control group, diabetic control group and ginsenoside-Rg3 treatment group (5mg/kg, 0.2mg/mL) followed by establishing diabetic model. The expression of VEGF and TNF-α were measured after 8 weeks. RESULTS: There were significant differences among negative control group, diabetic control group and ginsenoside-Rg3 treatment group in the expression of VEGF and TNF-α (F=129.363, 211.992; all the P<0.01). VEGF and TNF-α expression were significantly higher in diabetic control group and ginsenoside-Rg3 treatment group than that in negative control group (P<0.01), with a significant reduction in ginsenoside-Rg3 treatment group than that in diabetic control group (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Ginsenoside-Rg3 can down-regulate the expression of VEGF and TNF-α in retina, which may interfere in the development of diabetic retinopathy.

Purpose Placenta accreta is a rare but severe pregnancy complications, and imaging diagnosis is always difficult. This paper aims to analyze the MRI manifestations of placenta accreta, and explore its misdiagnosis reasons. Materials and Methods A retrospective study was carried out on the findings and classification of MRI plain scan and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) scan of 18 patients with placenta accreta confirmed surgically and pathologically. Results The prenatal MRI scan reported 15 patients of placenta accreta correctly (83.33%), and missed 3 (16.67%) among which 2 were with placenta accreta and the other 1 with placenta increta. The MRI of placenta accreta presented rather thin muscular layer, discontinuous junctional zone, and some unclear boundary of placenta and uterine wall; the signal of the placenta was heterogeneous, and we could see enlarged vessels of extremely low signal on T2 HASTE and high signal on TruFISP sequences, and low signal of thick intraplacental band; moreover, hematoma with high intensity on T1WI and low intensity on T2WI could be seen. DWI demonstrated uneven intensity and dark thicker intraplacenta bands in 2 cases. Conclusion As an important clinical auxiliary tool in diagnosing placenta increta, MRI has high accuracy in the diagnosis of placenta increta and placenta percreta; however, it has rather low accuracy in placenta accreta.

Anemia, Hemolytic ; chemically induced ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Paraquat ; poisoning ; Poisoning ; therapy ; Young Adult