Objective To examine the neural basis of item memory and source memory with fMRI approach.Methods Eight male and eight female healthy fight-handed native Chinese speakers were involved in this study.The item memory and source memory task were conducted with 504 highly frequent Chinese double-character words in the Block-designed experiment.Participants underwent such a double- round procedure as fMRI scanning following study.The fMRI data collected from a GE 1.5T MRI system were analyzed to generate corresponding activation maps for females and males respectively(P20)using statistical parametric mapping software(SPM).Results For females,item memory task activated the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(BA6,the number of activated voxel clusters was 62 or 11 in the left and the right,respectively),source memory more activated the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(BA6/46,the number was 59).For males,item memory activated the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(BA6/46,the number was 64),source memory activated the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(BA6,9 and 40 in the left and the right).Conclusion On the neural basis of item or source memory,there exists dissociation,which is that right dorsolateral prefrontal areas are more activated by item memory while left dorsolateral prefrontal areas by source memory.For the difference of gender,it is suggested that left dorsolateral prefrontal areas(BA6/46)are more activated in females while right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(BA6/46)more in males.

To obtain the caries experience and, plaque accumulation severity and pit and fissure morphology in first permanent molars in 7-8 children in Wuhan, as a reasonable prediction of caries risk and preventive attention in the future, a convenient sample of five primary schools in the vicinity of the Wuhan University School and Hospital of Stomatology was drawn. Two calibrated examiners orally examined all present grade 2 children in the classroom, using standard caries plaque and tooth morphology criteria. Dental caries was scored at enamel (D(2)) and dentine (D(3)) for tooth and surface level. Independent variables were age, gender and school. Data analysis used analysis of variance and t-test. The sample comprised 1 043 7- and 8-year-olds. The prevalence of dental caries in permanent dentition was 8.7% and in primary dentition, 68.7%. Mean Decayed, Missing, Filled Teeth/S (DMFT/S) scores were 0.11 and 0.14, respectively. Mean dmft/s scores were 2.8 and 5.0. The d-component constituted 75% of the d(3)mft index, while enamel carious lesions constituted 36% of the total number of carious lesions (d(2,3)-component). Prevalence of medium and deep pits and fissures was 84.6%. Prevalence of medium and severe plaque accumulation was 67.4%. Prevalence of dental caries in the deciduous and permanent dentitions of 7- to 8-year-old children was high. Deep pits and fissures in high caries risk children should be sealed.
Child ; China ; epidemiology ; DMF Index ; Dental Caries ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Dental Enamel ; pathology ; Dental Fissures ; pathology ; Dental Plaque Index ; Dentin ; pathology ; Dentition, Permanent ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Molar ; pathology ; Prevalence ; Tooth, Deciduous

Objective To explore the application value of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment for refractoriness pneumonia in children.Methods Sixty-two cases of refractoriness pneumonia who had not been cured with normal anti-infective therapy for 2 weeks in Guiyang Children′s Hospital from Jun.2005 to Jun.2009 were selected.Fiberopic bronchoscopy Olympus BF-3C30 or BF-P40 examination was applied after routine local infiltration anesthesia to diagnose and local treat refractoriness pneumonia in 62 children.Results There were 27 cases(43%) of simple inflammation,20 cases(32%) of foreign bodies with concurrent infection,7 cases(11%) of dndobronchial tuberculosis,4 cases(6%) of dysplasia with concurrent infection,2 cases(3%) of bronchiectasis,and 2 cases(3%) of pulmonary hemosiderosis,among them,dysplasia were diagnosed on children under 1 year old,foreign bodies with infection on 1-3 years old,and tuberculosis and bronchiectasis on school age.Eleven cases(40%) of simple inflammation were identified various pathogen by bronchoalveolar la-vage fluid culture,mycoplasma PCR test and bronchial brushing and microscopic examination.Forty-seven cases of bronchi obstruction and stenosis caused by inflammation were irrigated and treated by drug and achieved satisfactory,among them,15 cases(79%) of pulmonary atelectasis were recovered with the treatment of fiberoptic bronchoscopy within 2 weeks,14 cases(70%) of foreign bodies were succeed in taking choked thing from bronchus with fiberoptic bronchoscopy.Conclusion The fiberoptic bronchoscopy play an important role in the etiological diagnosis and therapy of refractoriness pneumonia in children.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged

The paper is to establish an UPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of 19 components in Microctis Folium from different production areas. The 50% methanol was used as extraction solvent. The Agilent ZORBAX SB C18 (150 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.8 μm) column was used; mobile phase was acetonitrile - 0.1% acetic acid with gradient elution, flow rate was 0.3 mL·min^-1, colume temperature was 30 ℃, and the injection volume was 2 μL; electrospray ionizaton source was used and detected in negative ion mode. The results showed that the established UPLC-MS/MS method could well separate the 19 components, and the methodological investigation results of 19 components were good. By means of orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), 28 batches of Microctis Folium samples from different production areas can be divided into three categories, Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan are each classified into one category, and 10 signature compounds which affecting the quality differences of different production areas were screened out. The established method is accurate, reliable, sensitive and reproducible. It can provide a basis for the establishment of the quality standard of Microctis Folium, as well as for safety and quality research.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the feasibility of multi-slice spiral CT (MSCT) for cholangiopancreatography without cholangio-contrast.

METHODSTen patients without any digestion system diseases and 24 patients with suspected pancreatic malignancy received the 16-slice spiral CT multi-phased contrast-enhanced scanning. The images of patients without any digestion system diseases and cancer-suffered patients were curved reformatted (CR) technique to perform the structure of pancreatic duct, common bile duct, and ampulla. The cholangiopancreatical systems of the cancer suffered patient were reconstructed through volume rendering technique (VRT), minimum intensity projection (MinIP), and indirect minimum intensity projection (IMinIP). The results of patients without any digestion system diseases in curved multiplanar reconstruction were analyzed; meanwhile display rates of the pancreatic duct, common bile duct, and ampulla were evaluated.

RESULTSof the four different cholangiopancreatographies were compared.

RESULTSThe display rate of pancreatic duct in the CR images was 90.0 (9/10) with an average diameter of (2.63 +/- 0.51) mm. Sub-pancreatic duct could be seen in 88.9% (8/9) of them. The display rate of common bile duct in the CR images was 100% (10/10) with an average diameter of (7.45 +/- 1.12) mm. The display rate of ampulla was 60.0 (6/10), which was affected by the filling status of duodenum. The cholangiopancreatography using CR, VRT, MinIP, and IMinIP for patients with pancreatic cancer reveal the whole pancreatic and common bile duct, and the modality of distal obstructed bile duct. The result showed that IminIP got the best outcome (98.6%), while VRT got the worst (68.1%).

CONCLUSIONThe negative CT cholangiopancreatography is a simple and non-invasive examination. It reflects both the 3-dimensional cholangio-pancreatic anatomical structure and its adjacent condition. It has curtain clinical application values, especially for patients with obstructed duct system.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cholangiography ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pancreatic Ducts ; diagnostic imaging ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; Tomography, Spiral Computed

OBJECTIVETo establish and evaluate a new method for measurement of dental plaque by using cellular neural network-based image segmentation.

METHODSA total of 195 subjects were selected from community population. After dental plaque staining, oral digital picture of anterior teeth area was taken by an Olympus digital camera (C-7070 Wide Zoom). At the same time, the Turesky dental plaque indices of anterior teeth were evaluated. The image analysis was conducted by cellular neural network-based image segmentation.

RESULTSThe image cutting errors between two operators were very small. The Kappa value is 0.935. Pearson's correlation coefficient is 0.988 (P < 0.001). There was high correlative consistency between traditional dental plaque index and plaque percentage obtained by using image analysis. Pearson's correlation coefficient was 0.853 (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONSCellular neural network-based image segmentation is a new method feasible for evaluating dental plaque.

Dental Plaque ; diagnosis ; Dental Plaque Index ; Female ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Male ; Neural Networks (Computer) ; Photography, Dental

OBJECTIVETo induce primary chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells into dendritic cells (DCs).

METHODSBone marrow mononuclear cells (MNCs) were isolated from 13 CML patients and peripheral blood MNCs from 5 healthy donors. The isolated MNCs were co-cultured with rhGM-CSF 1,000 U/ml, rhIL- 4,500 U/ml and TNF-alpha 50 U/ml for 10 days. The morphological features were observed by Wright's staining,inverted microscope and electron microscope. CD(80), CD(86), CD(83), CD(1a) and HLA-DR expression were assayed by flow cytometry, cytogenetic analysis was performed by fluorescence in-situ hybridization(FISH). The concentration of IL-12 was measured by ELISA and the function of antigen presenting was tested by mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR).

RESULTAfter being cultured with cytokines, the typical dendritic appearance with delicate membrane projections was observed. The CD(80), CD(86), CD(83), CD(1a) and HLA-DR markers and capacity of stimulating allogeneic T cells were upregulated significantly. FISH confirmed that the DCs were generated from leukemic origin and CML DCs could secrete higher level of IL-12 than CML MNCs. There were no differences in morphology and immunophenotype expression between DCs derived from CML and those from normal individuals. However, DCs from CML patients displayed weaker activity than that of normal individuals when tested in MLR.

CONCLUSIONCML cells could be induced into leukemia-DCs by co-culture with cytokines.

Bone Marrow Cells ; immunology ; pathology ; Cell Differentiation ; Dendritic Cells ; cytology ; immunology ; Humans ; Interleukin-12 ; metabolism ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive ; immunology ; pathology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

Aorta ; pathology ; surgery ; Aortopulmonary Septal Defect ; therapy ; Balloon Occlusion ; methods ; Catheterization, Swan-Ganz ; methods ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Pulmonary Artery ; pathology ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the analgesic effect of Corydalis yanhusuo on trigeminal neuropathic pain.in a rat model.

METHODRat model of trigeminal neuralgia pain were established by inducing chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the infraorbital branch of the trigeminal nerve (ION). The effect of Corydalis yanhusuo, a traditional Chinese medicine, in ameliorating the pain was tested. Western blotting was performed to investigate the change of cannabinoid CB1 receptors in the Vc the injury of the infraorbital branch of the trigeminal nerve (ION-CCI). CB1 receptor antagonist AM 251 was applied to observe its effect on the analgesic effect of Yanhusuo.

RESULTAdministration of dl-THP (2 mg/kg) intraperitoneally increased the response threshold and the cut-off threshold to the mechanical stimulation in ION-CCI rat models. ION-CCI induced an upregulation of cannabinoid CB1 receptors within the ipsilateral of Vc. The effect of Yanhusuo was antagonized by the application of AM 251.

CONCLUSIONThe analgesic effect of Yanhusuo involves the participation of CB1 receptors, suggesting that Yanhusuo may offer a useful therapeutic approach for trigeminal neuropathic pain.

Analgesics, Non-Narcotic ; therapeutic use ; Animals ; Corydalis ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Phytotherapy ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 ; drug effects ; Trigeminal Nerve Diseases ; drug therapy ; etiology