The paper analyzes different expressions of indirectly associated strong-weak connection in the process of biomedical literature knowledge discovery,defines the effect and function of strong-weak connection on literature knowledge discovery,and indicates that the accuracy rate of the discovery of potential connection through strong connection is obviously higher than the accuracy rate obtained through weak connection,and strong connection can serve as an important factor for improving the application effect of literature knowledge discovery.

Objective To summarize the clinical experience of diagnosis and treatment of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of pancreas(SPTP),and to work out the diagnosis and treatment process which matches the conditions of China.Methods The clinical data of consecutive 50 patients with SPTP who had been admitted to our hospital from January 2001 to March 2007 were retrospectively analyzed.Of all patients,3 were male and 47 female.Their median age Was 24 years(13-60 years).Preoperative imaging examination revealed typical findings and tumor markers were negative.SPIP of 23 cases were located in the head of pancreas,3 in the neck of pancreas,2 in the uncinate process of pancreas.3 in the body of pancreas,18 in the tail of pancreas,and the location of SPTP of 1 case was uncertain.Forty-eight patients underwent the operation of SPTP resection,1 of exploratory laparotomy and 1 of CT-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy of metastatic lesions.Results Forty-nine out of 50 patients were diagnosed"pancreatic mass"preoperatively.Eighteen of the 32 patients with intact tumor capsule and 11 of the 16 patients without intact tumor capsule underwent operation without pathological examination.Thirty-two patients were followed up for 3-55 months,and no metastasis or invasion of the SPTP was observed.Conclusions Yong females are in the high risk group of SPTP.CT is the most valuable preoperative imaging test.Complete surgical resection is the first choice treatment with good prognosis.Resection of the head of pancreas with the preservation of duodenum and resection of body and tail of pancreas+splenectomy are the commou modalities used for the treatment of SPTP.The intactness of the tumor capsule is an important factor in making surgical plan and deciding the necessity of intraoperative frozen section pathological examination.The most common postoperative complication of SPTP resection is pancreatic fistula.

Objective To explore influence of thoracic duct ligation on lipid metabolism after esophagectomy. Methods Seventy-four patients with esophageal cancer received esophagectomy were divided into two groups by their thoracic duct ligation, 39 in ligation group and 35 in non-ligation group. All the patients were fed with nutrients through nasal-duodenal tube placed during operation from the 1 st day to the 8th day after surgery, and started taking liquid diet on the 6th day. Blood specimens were collected from the patients on the 1st day after admission, the 9th day, one month and three months after surgery,respectively for biochemical analysis,including determinations of total cholesterol(TC),triglyeeride(TG),high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol ( HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol ( LDL-C) . Databetween the two groups were compared with statistical analysis. Results No significant difference in plasma levels of TC, TG and HDI.-C was found between the two groups at varied time points. Plasma level of LDL-C in the ligation group significantly decreased on the 9th day after surgery, as compared with that in the nonligation group ( P ＜ 0. 05), and went down to the lowest level one month after surgery. Conclusions Chylomicron was blocked to enter blood stream and production of LDL-C decreased by thoracic duct ligation,which affect lipid absorption and metabolism leading to poor early nutrition in patients with esophagealsurgery due to slower establishment of collateral circulation.

Objective To analyze the correlationship of ACE I/D gene polymerphisms with the anti-hypertensive efficacy of irbesartan among essential hypertension (EH) patients in Yunnan han people.Methods One hundred EH patients hypertension were treated with irbesartan 150mg once daily for 4 weeks,and anti-hypertensive efficacy were monitored during the treatment.Results There was a significant difference between anti-hypertensive efficacy of irbesartan among different genotype groups,DD group ＞ID group ＞Ⅱ group (P ＜ 0.05) Conclusions There is different therapy responsiveness in diffenent genotypes.ACE I/D polymorphism may be an important hereditary factor that impacts the efficacy of irbesartan.

Objective To explore the effects of smoking and alcohol drinking on arsenic metabolism of people exposed to different concentrations of arsenic in drinking water.Methods Residents in Shanxi exposed to different concentrations of arsenic in drinking water and age ≥ 18 years old adults were chosen as the subjects for this study in 2008,the subjects were divided into three groups according to the concentrations of arsenic in drinking water: high-arsenic exposure group (more than 0.05 mg/L),low-arsenic exposure group (between 0.01 and 0.05 mg/L) and control group(less than 0.01 mg/L),excluded recently had eaten seafood and had poisoning symptoms of chronic arsenic in drinking water in the crowd.Smoking and alcohol drinking habits were investigated by questionnaire.Arsenic species in the urine samples were detected with hydride generation atomic absorption spectroscopy.Total arsenic(tAs) was the sum of iAs％,MMA％ and DMA％.iAs％,MMA％ and DMA％ were calculated as iAs/tAs,MMA/tAs and DMA/tAs,respectively.The first methylation ratio(FMR) and the secondary methylation ratio(SMR) were calculated as (MMA + DMA)/tAs and DMA/(MMA + DMA),respectively.Results Three hundred and ninety-five adults were chosen in this study.In the high exposure group the alcohol drinking and smoking subjects had higher MMA％(16.24％) but lower SMR(82.19％ ) than the non-drinking and non-smoking subjects (12.16％ and 86.13％,respectively).The differences of both MMA％ and SMR were significant(P ＜ 0.05 ).No significant difference was observed between the non-smoking/non-drinking subjects and the smoking or the drinking subjects(all P ＞ 0.05 ).In the low exposure group there were higher MMA％( 13.86％,13.99％) lower DMA％(72.87％,77.76％)and lower SMR (83.48％,83.90％ ) in those with smoking or drinking/smoking compared with the non-drinking and non-smoking subjects (11.83％,80.35％ and 86.54％,respectively,all P ＜0.05 ).No significant difference was observed between drinkers and non-drinking/non-smoking subjects(P ＞ 0.05).In the control group there were a higher MMA％( 17.27％,17.06％) lower DMA％ (73.89％,72.29％) and lower SMR (81.48％,82.58％ ) in those with smoking or drinking/smoking compared with the non-drinking and nonsmoking subjects( 11.52％,79.68％ and 87.19％,respectively,all P ＜ 0.05).No significant difference was observed between drinkers and the non-drinking/non-smoking subjects (all P ＞ 0.05).ConclusionThe arsenic methylation capacity of people with drinking and smoking is poorer than that of non-drinking and non-smoking subjects after arsenic exposure.

Objective To explore the relationship between the diabetic retinopathy (DR) and the carotid artery intima-media thickness(IMT) in type 2 diabetic patients to reveal the relationship between macroangiopathy and microangiopathy in diabetic patients further. Methods One hundred and tweenty-three diabetic cases in patient chosen from 2008 to 2009 were divided into diabetic retinopathy group(DR) and non-diabetic retinopathy group(NDR) by fundus examination. The patients were asked about their disease history including durations, smoking and so on. Meanwhile the carotid artery IMT, systolic pressure (SBP), diastolic pressure (DBP), serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, glycosylated hemoglobin(HbAlc), body mass index(BMI) were measured of all the cases. The incidence of increased carotid artery IMT was cmpared with χ2 test, as well as the average IMT between the two groups, the influencing factors artery IMT was 50.98%(26/51) in DR group, and 33.33%(24/72) in NDR group, having a statistically significant showed the diabetic retinopathy risk factors were smoking(χ2=6.20, P<0.05), duration(t=-4.13, P<0.01). carotid artery IMT(t=-2.21, P<0.05), SBP(t=-2.37, P<0.05), and HDL-cholesterol(t=4.49, all P<0.01). 12.77, all P<0.01), carotid artery 1MT and smoking(χ2=6.05,4.15, all P<0.05). Conclusions Type 2 diabetic patients complicated with DR have a prominent increase in IMT thickening proportion and average IMT, which reveals the relationship between the DR and the IMT.

Objective To study the stability of micro-implant orthodontic anchorage(MA)with different pitch in the case of immediate loading.Method Employing 3D finite element analysis method,the stress and dis-placement distribution on the bone interface of MIA with different pitch(0.3 mm、0.5 mm、0.7 mm and 1.0 mm,respectively),which was 1.47 N loaded vertically in the major axis direction,were analyzed.Result The pitch affected the stress distribution significantly,because the maximum stress increased with the pitch decreasing and the impact of pitch on stress distribution on neck and central locations of MIA were different;to decrease the pitch could reduce the max displacement of the jaw,but the impact of pitch on displacement distribution of MIA was not significant.Condusions In the case of immediate loading.MIA with pitch 0.5 mm-0.7 mm is suggested to be selected as orthodontic anchorage in the clinic.

Objective Clutching internal fixtor(CIF)loose and the fixed part weakly heal up are often found in orthopedic clinic.In the present paper,biomechanics methods were used to try to explain and analyze these issues,providing a helpful suggestion for the application of CIF in clinic.Method Commerical finite element models(FEM)Program ANSYS was applied to set up the finite element models of orthopedic CIF and bone tissue to analyze and evaluate the biomechanical performances of the NiTi shape memory alloy CIF.Results There is an interaction force between embracing force of CIF and resistant force of bone tissue during the orthopedic clinical treatment.The embracing force along two semi-circular arms of CIF is increasing from the open position and reached the maximum value at the open symmetry position where the deformation of the bone occurred.Conclusion It is the key to choose the force loading position during the practical treatment,as the concentration force is the main force when there is an interactive force between the bone and the CIF.

Objective To study the stability of micro-implant orthodontic anchorage(MA)with different pitch in the case of immediate loading.Method Employing 3D finite element analysis method,the stress and dis-placement distribution on the bone interface of MIA with different pitch(0.3 mm、0.5 mm、0.7 mm and 1.0 mm,respectively),which was 1.47 N loaded vertically in the major axis direction,were analyzed.Result The pitch affected the stress distribution significantly,because the maximum stress increased with the pitch decreasing and the impact of pitch on stress distribution on neck and central locations of MIA were different;to decrease the pitch could reduce the max displacement of the jaw,but the impact of pitch on displacement distribution of MIA was not significant.Condusions In the case of immediate loading.MIA with pitch 0.5 mm-0.7 mm is suggested to be selected as orthodontic anchorage in the clinic.

Objective Clutching internal fixtor(CIF)loose and the fixed part weakly heal up are often found in orthopedic clinic.In the present paper,biomechanics methods were used to try to explain and analyze these issues,providing a helpful suggestion for the application of CIF in clinic.Method Commerical finite element models(FEM)Program ANSYS was applied to set up the finite element models of orthopedic CIF and bone tissue to analyze and evaluate the biomechanical performances of the NiTi shape memory alloy CIF.Results There is an interaction force between embracing force of CIF and resistant force of bone tissue during the orthopedic clinical treatment.The embracing force along two semi-circular arms of CIF is increasing from the open position and reached the maximum value at the open symmetry position where the deformation of the bone occurred.Conclusion It is the key to choose the force loading position during the practical treatment,as the concentration force is the main force when there is an interactive force between the bone and the CIF.