ObjectiveTo explore the diagnostic methods and surgery pattern at the first time of spontaneous perforation of congenital choledochal cyst.MethodsEleven cases(4 male,7 female) with spontaneous perforation of congenital choledochal cyst were 6 months to 5 years old,and their average course of disease were 4 days.Gustily abdominal distension,abdominal pain,crying and fever were present in all cases.Jaundice(7 cases) and emesis(5 cases) appeared.All cases were detected with physical sign of peritonitis by physical examination.Choledochal cysts were confirmed by CT or B ultrasound in 8 cases.All cases accepted abdominal paracentesis and biliary ascites was drawn.Three different operative procedures were performed:choledochocyst excision & Roux-Y choledocho-jejunostomy(2 cases),choledochotomy with T-tube drainage(3 cases),and cholecystostomy(6 cases).Nine children receiving external drainage operation accepted a second operation to rebuild biliary tract(choledochocyst excision & Roux-Y choledochoje-junostomy) after 3 to 6 months.ResultsAll cases had got satisfactory therapeutic efficacy without any grave complication such as fistula of anastomotic stoma,infection of biliary tract or obstruction of biliary tract.During operation,perforations were located in the juncture of choledochus and cystic duct in 5 children and were not found in the other 6 children.In the second operation,the cases receiving cholecystostomy had less peritoneal adhesion,anatomic structure changes,haemorrhage[(30-50) mL vs(100-200) mL] and operation time[(2.5-3.0) h vs(3.5-5.0) h] than those receiving choledochotomy with T-tube drainage,and did not appear inadequate drainage for cystic duct obstruction.ConclusionsFor children with more organ inflammatory edema and adherence and in a bad overall condition,the first-time operation of cholecystostomy is more reasonable.

Objective To explore the long-term efficacy of botulinum toxin type A injections on facial beauty and its long-term safety.Methods A total of 33 beauty-seekers with botulinum toxin type A treatment for more than five years were reviewed as observation group,using digital muscle palpation meter (Myoton PRO) for the determination of the orbicularis oculi muscle and masseter muscle tension (F),the muscle characteristic parameters,such as muscle hardness (S) using a homemade facial questionnaire test for satisfactory rate of beauty from both beauty-seekers and physicians.At sametime,33 normal adults that never accepted botulinum toxin injection with matched age and gender were collected as control group.The same-sex indicators were dtermined and compared with using statistic analysis t test.Results The pairwised parameters of the same sex and site were comparied between the two groups;average F and S values in the observation group were lower than those of the control group,but no statistically significant difference were observed between the two groups (P＞0.05);in the observation group,average appearance age was 7.3 years younger than the control group,and the facial shape improved significantly.Conclusions Long-term and repeated application of botulinum toxin A is able to remove crow's feet and decrease the masseter and so the injection is safe with high satisfaction to beauty-seekers.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of caffeine citrate and aminophylline in the treatment of primary apnea in premature infants.

METHODSThe clinical data of 125 premature infants with primary apnea from March 2013 to March 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the therapeutic strategy, the patients were divided into caffeine citrate group (n=65) and aminophylline group (n=60). The overall response rates and adverse reaction rates in the two groups were compared.

RESULTSThe overall response rate in the caffeine citrate group was 86% (56 cases), which was significantly higher than that in the aminophylline group (72%, 43 cases) (P<0.05). The adverse reactions in the caffeine citrate group included tachycardia (1 case), restlessness (5 cases), feeding intolerance (7 cases), electrolyte disturbance (2 cases), and high blood glucose (5 cases), the incidence of which was significantly lower than that in the aminophylline group (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSCaffeine citrate is more effective and causes fewer adverse reactions than aminophylline in the treatment of primary apnea in premature infants.

Aminophylline ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Apnea ; drug therapy ; Caffeine ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Citrates ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Male ; Retrospective Studies

Objective To design the small interference RNA (siRNA) specific to human CCL20 gene by RNA interfering technique, construct its recombinant lentiviral expression vectors, and identify these vectors by DNA sequencing. Methods According to Tuschl’s principle, the siRNA was designed and converted into cDNA of shRNA (small hairpin RNA) of siRNA for CCL20 gene. The cDNA was synthesized and inserted into plasmid pHSER-dsRNA-GFP-SIN which was linearized by restriction endonucleases SpeⅠ and SalⅠ. The recombinant plasmid was transformed into competent E. coli. DH5? cells. The positive recombinant colony was selected by ampicillin medium agar and identified by DNA sequencing. Results Two recombinant lentiviral plasmids of siRNA specific to CCL20 gene were constructed successfully. Their DNA sequence analysis completely coincided with their designed sequences. Conclusion Lentiviral vector-based siRNA expression plasmids against CCL20 gene have been successfully constructed and identified. They will be further used for interfering CCL20 mRNA transcription and lay the foundation for CCL20 gene modified human keratinocyte stem cells.

Objective The detection of malignant lymphoma with invasion in liver and spleen using PET/CT has not been well documented in the literature. This study aimed to investigate the usefulness of PET/CT in this regard and to compare it with plain CT. Methods Forty-one pathologically confirmed malignant lymphoma patients with liver and spleen invasion were recruited into this study. Among all patients, there were 38 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), 2 Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) and 1 gastric mucosa associated lymphoma. PET/CT imaging was recorded 1h after injection of 296～444 MBq 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG). Results (1) There were 30(30/41) patients with liver invasion, including hepatic nodules, mass and portal nodes. The mass was large to invade surrounding liver parenchyma. (2) There were 23(23/41) patients with spleen invasion. The spleen was enlarged and demonstrated diffused hyper-metabolism. (3) Other invasion included: lung (n=13), cortical bone and marrow (n=12), stomach (n=9), pleural (n=6), and subcutaneous soft tissue (n=5) and so on. Conclusion PET/CT could accurately diagnose the invasion in liver and spleen of malignant lymphoma, which was of potential role on the diagnosis and staging of lymphoma.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the infection rate and genotypes of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) by examining bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from children with community acquired pneumonia (CAP).

METHODSPolymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for detecting MP in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from 220 children hospitalized with CAP, and the accuracy was confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR. Positive samples were digested with HaeⅡ and Hae Ⅲ and compared with standard strain to analyze the genotypes of MP from positive samples. The accuracy of genotyping was confirmed by sequencing the amplified products of some randomly selected positive samples.

RESULTSThe positive rate of MP in 220 samples was 55.0% (121/220). MP infection occurred mostly in preschool and school-age children (63.5%, 101/159), and the lowest positive rate was seen in children aged under 6 months (20%, 1/5). The positive rate showed no significant differences between sexes and between seasons. Sixty randomly selected MP-positive samples showed a genotype of P1 type 1 after restriction digestion, which was further confirmed by sequencing of 4 samples.

CONCLUSIONSMP is one of the main pathogens of pneumonia in children, and the MP infection rate is significantly correlated with age. The dominant genotype of MP in children is P1 type 1.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Genotype ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Mycoplasma pneumoniae ; classification ; genetics ; Phylogeny ; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma ; microbiology ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Seasons

Aneurysm, False ; etiology ; surgery ; Blood Loss, Surgical ; Carcinoma ; Carotid Arteries ; Carotid Artery Diseases ; etiology ; surgery ; Humans ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; radiotherapy ; Rupture

Objective:To investigate effects of short-term cigarette smoke exposure combined with poly(I:C)stimulation on lung immune response and interferon expression in mice.Methods:BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 4 groups:control group,smoke group,poly(I:C)group and smoke combined poly(I:C)group.Total cell number and cell classification count of bronchoalveo-lar lavage fluid(BALF)were detected,and cell morphology was observed under ordinary light.Cytokines,chemokines,interferon and interferon stimulating genes expressions in lung tissues were detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR.Results:Compared with control group,total cell count,macrophage count and neutrophil count in smoke combined poly(I:C)group were significantly increased(P<0.05),and macrophage count was higher than that in poly(I:C)group.Macrophages of airway lavage fluid of mice in smoke combined with poly(I:C)group were larger in size,round or irregular in shape,and had more vacuoles in cytoplasm.Com-pared with control group,mRNA expressions of neutrophil chemokine CXCL1(P<0.05),CXCL2(P<0.01)and lymphocyte chemo-kine CCL2(P<0.01)in lung tissues of mice in smoke combined with poly(I:C)group were increased.IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α mRNA expressions were significantly increased(P<0.01),IFN-β(P<0.01),IFN-γ(P<0.05),MX2(P<0.01)and IP-10(P<0.01)expre-ssions in lung tissues were significantly increased,and compared with poly(I:C)group,mRNA expressions of CXCL2(P<0.05),TNF-α(P<0.01)and IFN-β(P<0.05)in lung tissues of mice in smoke combined with poly(I:C)group were significantly increased.Conclusion:Cigarette smoke combined with poly(I:C)induces lung inflammation and expressions of interferon and interferon stimu-lating genes in mice.Cigarette exposure also increases poly(I:C)-induced acute lung inflammation and type Ⅰ interferon expression in mice.

OBJECTIVETo explore the functional effects of MAPK pathway in the pathogenesis of human osteosarcoma.

METHODSGene microarray (Human Genome U133A, Affymetrix) was used to screen the differential expression of genes involved in MAPK pathway between osteosarcoma cell lines and 3 osteoblastic cell lines. KEGG metabolic pathway analysis was performed among significantly increased or decreased genes using the MATLAB software. Immunohistochemical technique was used to detect the expressions of ERK1/2, JNK and p38 proteins among 48 osteosarcoma and benign 24 osteoblastic tumor samples.

RESULTSUsing an entrance limit of > or = 2.0, 18 differentially expressed MAPK pathway-related genes were selected (10 up-regulated, 8 down-regulated) to mapped to the MAPK pathway of KEGG which are all important node genes. The positive rates of ERK1/2, JNK and p38 proteins were 83.3% (40/48), 72.9% (35/48) and 85.4% (41/48) in osteosarcomas,and 12.5% (3/24), 8.3% (2/24) and 16.7% (4/24) in the control group, respectively. The positive rates and expression intensities were statistically different between the 2 groups (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONMAPK pathway plays an important role in the pathogenesis of osteosarcoma. ERK, JNK and p38 form an intercoordinating network and regulate the cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, invasion and migration in osteosarcoma.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Bone Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Child ; Female ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Humans ; JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 ; metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 ; metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; metabolism ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Osteoblastoma ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Osteosarcoma ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Signal Transduction ; Young Adult ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study the possible relationship between tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha-238G/A gene polymorphism and the susceptibility to intrauterine HBV infection.

METHODSTwo hundred and fifty-six children, including 130 infants born to HBsAg positive mothers were divided into two groups: forty-five children with intrauterine HBV infection (group I) and 85 children without intrauterine HBV infection (group II), with a control group of 126. TNF-alpha-238G/A gene polymorphism was examined in all 256 children, by means of real-time quantitative fluorescent PCR.

RESULTSA significant difference of TNF-alpha-238A allele frequency was found between group I and group II (x2=6.797, P=0.009), and between group I and the controls group (x2=0.047, P=0.002), but there was no significant difference between group II and the control groups (x2=0.047, p=0.828).

CONCLUSIONThis study found that genetic polymorphism of tumor necrosis factor-a was associated with intrauterine HBV infection

Adult ; Child ; Disease Susceptibility ; Female ; Hepatitis B ; transmission ; Humans ; Infant ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; Tumor Necrosis Factors ; genetics