With the advances in techniques of localization, numerous minimally invasive parathyroid surgery were developed including open minimal incision and endoscopic approaches. According to the research results and the experiences from Peking Union Medical College Hospital, the indication and preoperative preparation were discussed in this paper. Some suggestions were given for minimally invasive parathyroid surgery in China.
Beijing ; China ; Humans ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; Parathyroidectomy ; methods ; Preoperative Care

Hedgehog (Hh) signaling is critical for embryonic development and in differentiation,proliferation,and maintenance of multiple adult tissues.Deregulation of the Hh pathway is associated with Multiple pathological steps of PDAC(Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma).A prominent desmoplastic stromal reaction is the pathological hallmark of PDAC,it contributes to the formation of the hypovascular and hypoxic microenvironment of PDAC.And Hedgehog signaling is one of the most crucial pathways that maintains and activates the stroma.Clinical trials of Hedgehog signaling inhibitors in treatment of PDAC has been conducted,but results have been disappointing.Recently,to undercover the reason of the failure of clinical trial,more work has been done to uncovering the underlying role of stroma in PDAC.

Multicellular spheroid (MCS) can simulate many aspects of the in vivo physiological and pathological conditions in many aspects,better reflect the in-vivo behavior of cells in tumors.So it's increasingly accepted as a valuable tool for evaluating the efficacy of therapeutic intervention including chemotherapy,radiotherapy,immunotherapy and combined therapy.Various spheroid co-culture approaches have been presented to study heterologous cells interaction in solid tumors.The present review briefly introduces the methodology and applications of MCS with focus on the up-to-date information.

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most malignant cancer of all neoplasm.85% cases are not suitable for surgery when at first counsultation to doctors.The effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy are not satisfactory either.With the advancement of the study of molecular biology,the research of the molecular targeted drugs such as EGFR inhibitor and VEGF inhibitor,become one of the hot spots.This article reviews progress in the research of molecule-targeted therapy.

Objective To retrospectively analyze the factors associated with the occurrence of occupation exposure in 75 medical workers,and to explore the effective intervention countermeasures.Methods The occurrence situation of the whole staff occupation exposure from January 2012 to December 2013 was retrospectively analyzed.Results In 75 medical personnel of occupation expo-sure,the nursing staff had the highest occurrence rate of occupation exposure,accounting for 81.33%,followed by doctors,account-ing for 13.33%;The major departments with the occupation exposure occurrence were the oncology,hematology and nephrology, accouting for 17.33%,followed by the general surgery(14.67%)and neurology(13.33%);the main links of occupation exposure were the used items settling after operating,accounting for 37.67%,followed by withdrawal of infusion needle,accounting for 37. 33%;the main instruments of occupation exposure were the injection needle(37.67%),followed by the infusion needdle(37.33%);top three of the occupation exposure source were unidentified source,negative pathogen and hepatitis B(48%,36%,12%);75 cases of occupation exposure did not develop infection after the timely wound treatment,preventive medication and regular follow-up. Conclusion Perfecting the occupation exposure management system,establishing and perfecting the occupation safety protection system,strengthening the training,increasing the overall occupation safety awareness,improving the nursing manpower shortage and standardizing the operation process are the effective measures and means for reducing the medical staff occupation exposure.

Pancreatic cancer is a highly malignant tumor.It is of great importance to improve the effectiveness of treatment by studying the mechanisms which lead to invasion and metastasis in pancreatic cancer.In some malignant tumors,tumor associated macrophage (TAM) plays an important role in tumor progression and invasion.TAM also plays an important role in pancreatic cancer which consists mainly of stromal elements.Research into the mechanisms for occurrence and development of pancreatic cancer,the role played by TAM as well as TAM transformation between the different phenotypes may bring a breakthrough in the treatment of pancreatic cancer.

Objective To discuss the sedative and hypnotic effect of Jiaotai Pills on insomnia in PCPA rat model .Methods The PCPA ( PCPA acid) rats insomnia model was established, and the rats were divided into the model group, high, middle and low dosage of Jiaotai Pills group, and diazepam positive control group.The high performance liquid detective method was adopted to observe the effect of Jiaotai Pills on rat insomnia and hypothalamus neurotransmitters 5-HT and GABA.Results Compared with the model group, there existed significant difference in the insomnia state of rats and the central neurotransmitters 5 -HT in the high and middle dosages of Jiaotai Pill group and diazepam group.However, in the comparison of the high and middle dosages of Jiaotai Pill group and the model group, there was no significant difference in GABA in the central nervous system .Conclusion Jiaotai Pills has sedative and hypnotic efficacy.Its mechanism may be related to the effects of central neurotransmitter 5 -HT.Its relationship with GABA in the central nervous system is not obvious.The research has significant influence on the further development of Jiaotai Pills.

12E7 Antigen ; Actins ; metabolism ; Antigens, CD ; metabolism ; Antigens, CD34 ; metabolism ; Cell Adhesion Molecules ; metabolism ; Child ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Heart Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Heart Ventricles ; pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Neurilemmoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Neurofibroma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Solitary Fibrous Tumors ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Vimentin ; metabolism

Objective: To clone the cDNA of human sPLA2-IIA,construct the engineered Escherischia coli expressing human sPLA2-IIA and identify the expressed human sPLA2-IIA. Methods: Total RNAs were purified from human fetal spleen. The cDNA of human sPLA2-IIA was cloned by RT-PCR and inserted into plasmid pET32a(+) between NcoI and EcoRI sites for expressing the recombinant human sPLA2-IIA in Escherischia coli BL21(DE3). The recombinants were screened by SDS-PAGE. The engineered Escherischia coli expressing trxA-human sPLA2-IIA fusion protein was established. The expressed human sPLA2-IIA exists in the form of inclusion body and accounts for about 25% of the total proteins of Escherischia coli BL21(DE3). Conclusion: the engineered E. coli methods are suitable for preparing plenty of human sPLA2-IIA which has laid base for the large-scale expression,purification and basic studies of human sPLA2-IIA.

Objective To investigate the strategy of diagnosis and treatment for non-functional parathyroid cysts.Methods The clinical data of non-functional parathyroid cysts patients undergoing resection between Jan.1991 and Jan.2013 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were retrospectively analyzed.Results Non-functional parathyroid cysts were confirmed by intra-operation exploration and post-operation pathology in 22 patients.Ultrasound scan revealed cervical cystic lesions in all patients before operations,and concomitant lesions in thyroid were found in 10 patients.The serum calcium and phosphate level were in normal range in all patients.Local excisions were performed in 11 cases for isolated cyst.Subtotal thyroidectomy were performed in 10 cases for concomitant nodular goiter or close anatomy association cyst and thyroid.Radical resection of thyroid and cervical lymph node dissection were performed in one patient for concomitant thyroid carcinoma.No operation related complications was recorded in these series.No relapse presented in these patients after more than 7 months of follow-up.Conclusion Non-functional parathyroid cysts should be considered in the differential diagnosis of cervical mass even though it rarely occurs.Surgical resection was one promising treatment for non-functional parathyroid cysts.