Objective To compare the neurotoxic effects of intratheeal ropivacaine and bupivacaine on the spinal cord in rats.Methods Female SD rats weighing 240-330 g were used in this study.Catheters(PE 10 tubing)were inserted through an incision in the cisternal membrane and advanced caudad until the tip of the catheter reached the lumbar spinal level according to the technique described by Yaksh and Rudy.Fifty-four successfully catheterized rats were randomly assigned tO one of 3 groups(n=18 each):group Ⅰ received normal saline 30μlIT(NS);groupⅡ received 2%bupivacaine 20μl IT(BU)and group Ⅲ 2.7%ropivacaine 20μl IT (RO).Degree of motor block was assessed and scored(0=no block,2=inability to flex the hind limb)before (T1,baseline)and at 10,20,30,60 and 120 min(T2-6)after IT injection.On the 4th day after IT injection specimens were obtained from lumbar spinal cord for microscopic examination.Results The motor block score was significantly higher in group BU and RO than in group NS(P＜0.05),and the tissue damage was severe in group BU and RO.The motor block scores were significantly higher at T2 than at T3-6 in beth group BU and RO(P＜0.05).There Was no significant difference in motor block score at T2 between groups BU and RO but the motor block scores were significantly lower at T3-5 in group RO than in group BU(P＜0.05).The tissue damage was Severer in group RO than in group BU(P＜0.05).Conclusion Intrathecal 2.7% ropivacaine is more toxic to the spinal cord than intrathecal 2%bupivacaine in rats.

0.05),but there were significant differences on the side-effects such as itch of skin,nausea and vomiting between two groups (P

To investigate risk factors and efficacy of reoperation for neovascular glaucoma ( NVG) secondary to vitrectomy in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).
●METHODS:Seven cases (7 eyes) from October, 2009 to December, 2012 were analyzed retrospectively. All the patients had NVG after the primary vitrectomy for PDR and were performed secondary vitrectomy combined with laser photocoagulation .
●RESULTS: The mean intraocular pressure ( lOP) was (11. 21±4. 22)mmHg before primary surgery. The number of laser spots ranged from 622 to 1124 during the first vitrectomy. Cataract extraction was performed in all 7 cases and intraocular lens was implanted in 5 cases. The mean lOP was (10. 11± 3. 62) mmHg during 2mo after the primary surgery. During follow- up, all the patients had significantly progressive intraocular inflammation. Vitreous hemorrhage was not absorbed completely in 2 cases and recurrent vitreous hemorrhage occurred in the other 5 cases. Five cases had poor glycemic control and the other 2 cases had bad blood pressure control. NVG occurred in all 7cases. The mean lOP was (41. 13 ± 7. 76) mmHg before the secondary surgery. After the secondary surgery, the lOP were under control in 5 cases. For the other 2 cases, the lOP was controlled in one case by transscleral cyclophotocoagulation, another one was lost in follow-up with uncontrolled lOP.
●CONCLUSlON: Primary vitrectomy combined with lens extraction, insufficient laser speckle, unabsorbed and recurrent vitreous hemorrhage, intraocular inflammation and systemic condition may be the risk factors associated with the occurrent of NVG after vitrectomy in PDR. Secondary vitrectomy combined with sufficient retinal photocoagulation is efficiency for NVG after vitrectomy for the PDR.

Annealing of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by the hydrogen flame in air was investigated in this study. Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the products. The peak width of Raman spectra decreased with the increase in the annealing time. The CNTs were not stable in the hydrogen flame and the etching rate of the CNTs by hydrogen flame was very high. The hydrogen flame annealing had some effects on improving the crystallinity of CNTs.

Annealing of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by the hydrogen flame in air was investigated in this study. Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the products. The peak width of Raman spectra decreased with the increase in the annealing time. The CNTs were not stable in the hydrogen flame and the etching rate of the CNTs by hydrogen flame was very high. The hydrogen flame annealing had some effects on improving the crystallinity of CNTs.

Objective To investigate the imaging feature of hippocampal sclerosis (HS), and evaluate the diagnostic value of double inversion recovery (DIR) sequence at 3.0 T MR for its diagnosis. Methods Twelve patients with unilateral HS proven by pathology and 12 healthy volunteers were enrolled. All patients received DIR, fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) and T2 TSE sequences scans on oblique coronal plane vertical to the hippocampal axis on a 3.0 T MR scanner. Regions of interest (ROI) were set respectively in ipsilateral and contralateral hippocampi hippocampi in patients with HS, and the bilateral hippocampi in healthy volunteneers were placed respectively. Signal to noise ratio (SNR), contrast to noise ratio (CNR), ratio of signal intensity (RSI) and asymmetry index (AI) of each ROI in all hippocampi were calculated and compared among the three sequences. Statistical analysis was performed with one-way ANOVA. Results On DIR images, ipsilateral hippocampal lesions demonstrated extremely high signal intensity. Relative signal intensity of ipsilateral hippocampal lesions, contralateral hippocampi and the hippocampi in control groups healthy volunteneers were 1.50±0.05, 1.26±0.03, 1.18±0.05 (F=172.609,P=0.000), respectively. SNR of ipsilateral hippocampal lesions on DIR, FLAIR and T2 TSE sequences were 84.13±16.62, 50.90±12.38, 63.25±15.46 (F=15.185,P=0.000), respectively. CNR of hippocampus were 13.72±3.73, 6.67±3.02, 7.33±3.65 (F=14.985,P=0.000), respectively.In HS patients, RSI and AI of the ipsilateral hippocampal lesions and contralateral hippocampi among the three sequences did not show statistically significant difference(P=0.078). Conclusions HS manifests extremely high signal intensity on DIR images. On DIR images, the SNR and CNR of HS were higher than those on conventional MR sequences which provide valuable information for the diagnosis of HS.

Objective To explore the dispassed reason of Anhui provincial health senior titles evaluation.Methods The senior professional titles of the year 2009-2011 assessment results which were announced by the office of personnel titles of Anhui Provincial Health Department and the recorded results of the jury assessment were analyzed.Results In Anhui Province from 2009 to 2011 for three years,a total of 4 523 people participated in the senior title review by staff 3 039 people,by the proportion of 67.2％.2009,2010,2011 pass rate was 69.14％,66.85％,65.89％,respectively.1 484 people did not pass,and the rate was 32.8％.The main reason was the lack of reporting by professional and technical proficiency,non-standard format of application materials,assessment reporting material falsification.Conclusion Increasing the professional title appraisal policy propaganda,assessment focus which should be focused,the RAE quantitative score standards of health senior professional title,the establishment of a senior title of the series of health reporting assessment information system can improve this conditions.

Snake antivenomimmunoglobulins are considered to be the most efficient drugs in snake envenomings. Most snake antivenomimmunoglobulins all over the world are still prepared by fragmentation of polyclonal antibodies isolated from hyper-immunized horse serum till now. In this review, we retrospect the history of snake antivenomimmunoglobulins, analysis the present situation and pay the close attention on the key technological links in the process of research and manufacturing, such as properties of IgG and its fragments, selection and preparation of immunogen, optimization of immunization schedule and protein isolation and purification, which can be available for the reference in the research and development of snake antivenom.
Animals ; Antivenins ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; pharmacology ; Snake Bites ; drug therapy ; Snakes

Objective To summarize professor Lu Zhizheng's clinical experience in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis,in order to better guide clinic. [Method]By analyzing professor Lu Zhizheng's treatment of two patients with rheumatoid arthritis of the medical record data, it summarized from the aspects of etiology and pathogenesis,syndrome differentiation and treatment.[Result]Professor Lu argued that invigorating spleen to remove dampness should be throughout the course of the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.Two patients can reduce joint swel ing and pain,improve the appetite gradual y,and the symptoms were relieved obviously by replenishing qi and reconciling ying,adjusting ying and wei.[Conclusion]Professor Lu Zhizheng's Chinese medicine treatment of rheumatoid arthritis has significant curative effect,it is worthy of reference study.

Objective To introduce a method to aid dental treatment for autistic children; midazolam oral sedation. Methods 10 autistic children who can not be managed under normal dental procedures were administrated oral midazolam (0.5mg/kg) before treatment. Once they were adequately sedated, dental treatment was carried out in outpatient. During the whole course, their finger oxygen saturation and heart rate were inspected. Painless methods were also applied. The duration of each treatment was controlled within 30min. When the procedure ended, the autistic children were inspected until recovery from sedation and then discharged with their parents. Results 10 children aged 4～10y totally underwent 17 visits to complete all dental treatment. The average ages were (6.00?1.89)y, body weight was (28.10?9.36) kg and Houpt scales were (4.71?0.77). They were all successfully sedated and managed and no severe complications were found. Conclusion The oral midazolam sedation showed satisfactory effects on this group of autistic children while studies of large samples are needed to draw a definite conclusion.