Virus infection is a cause of respiratory tract infections and predisposes the patients to secondary bacterial infections. With the graying” of the population and the increase of organ transplantation, immunocompromised hosts (ICH) and the rate of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection as well as the emergence of such new pathogens as Hantavirus and Ebola virus in recent years, the morbidity of respiratory tract infections is growing high. There come the new challenges in the management of the respiratory tract infections. This paper is to introduce the application of antiviral drugs in the treatment of respiratory tract infections and discuss about the methodology of the administration of these drugs.

Objective To study the correlation between postoperative tumor recurrence and VEGF expression in preoperative biopsy specimens of early gastric carcinoma together with p53 gene abnormality and tumor cell proliferation. Methods Sixty-eight endoscopically biopsied specimens obtained preoperativelly from patients with early gastric carcinoma were studied immunohistochemically. Date was processed by computer image analysis system. Result The rate of VEGF positivity was significantly higher in patients (n=5) with postoperative tumor recurrence than in those (n=63) without (5/5 vs. 14/63, P

Objective To compare the inhibition effect of budesonide suspension and dexamethasone on the rats′ pneumonic anaphylacticitis and serum IL-5,and study the effect mechanism in treatment of asthma with glucocorticoids on systemic administration and with budesonide suspension.Methods Twenty-six health wistar rats were randomly divided into normal group,asthmatic group,budesonide suspension group and dexamethasone group.Asthma models were sensitized with egg albumin.Before sensitized,budesonide suspension group were administered inhalation of budesonide suspension,and dexamethasone group were administered abdominal injection of dexamethasone.The level of IL-5 was measured with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) reagent box,lung was eviscera-(ted after collecting) blood,pathological slice was made.Results The rats′ pathological changes of lung and bronchus were significant between asthma group and other groups,while there were no significant difference between budesonide suspension group and dexamethasone group,but both of two groups showed slight difference with normal group.Compared with normal group,the level of serum IL-5 in asthma group raised obviously,and there was significant difference(P0.05).Conclusions The treatment of inhalation of budesonide suspension can inhibit rats′ pneumonic anaphylacticitis,ameliorate rat anaphylactic asthma symptom.

Objective To isolate and culture the neural stem cells (NSCs) from the cerebral cortex of newborn rats, and investigate the cell-replace responses of the NSCs transplanted into the sibling rats with focal cerebral cortex ischemic lesion. Methods The serum-free medium DMEM/F12 (1∶1) containing basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF or FGF2) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) was used to culture the neural stem cell spheres. The NSCs were identified by detecting the neural stem cell marker nestin with enzyme immune assay and inducing neural stem cell spheres to differentiation. The NSCs which would be used in the transplantation experiment were labeled by BrdU incorporation when cultured in vitro. The focal ischemic models were made by opening the skulls and removing the cerebral menings of 4-day-old rats to stop the blood supply for the neopallium. The BrdU-labeled NSCs were transplanted into the cerebral lesion boundary zones of the focal ischemic sibling rat models. The experiment rats were divided into lesion-transplantation group, lesion-control group and sham-operation-control group. Recipients were killed and the brains were examined by detecting the BrdU-labeled cells with enzyme immunohistochemistry at 4,7,14,30 days postgrafting, indicating the grafts living and migration in the host. Results The neural stem cell spheres, which floated and grew in medium, expressed nestin, as well as gave rise to neurons and astrocytes, could be obtained through culturing the cells derived from the cerebral cortex of newborn rats in vitro for a week. In the transplantation of the NSCs, the grafts were easy to migrate along the boundary zones of the focal ischemic lesions, and promoted the restore of the tissue structures in the damaged areas, the damage recovered well through the cell-replace responses. The BrdU-labeled positive cells in the lesion areas were full of the visual fields under microscope, the greatest density of the positive cells were focused in the granular layer of the injured cerebral cortex and not found in remote sites from the lesion. The number of BrdU-labeled cells gradually decreased in the brains of the sham-operation-control rats, only a few positive cells were found when examined at 14 days postgrafting, significantly less than that in the lesion-transplantation rats. Conclusions NSCs exist in the cerebral cortex of newborn rats. The ischemia can promote proliferation and graft of NSCs. The grafted NSCs play an important role in the recovery of focal cerebral cortex ischemic lesion.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of albumin bound paclitaxel in patients with advanced cervical cancer, and to provide reference for clinical practice. Methods The hospital treated 47 cases of advanced cervical cancer patients as the observation object, from May 2015 to January 2017, the computer randomly divided into the control group and the experimental group by computer, the control group of 23 cases of advanced cervical cancer patients from time with paclitaxel chemotherapy, 24 cases of advanced cervical cancer patients were treated with albumin bound paclitaxel chemotherapy, observed patients with advanced cervical cancer after treatment of the two groups the maximum diameter of the tumor, relieve symptoms, efficacy, quality of life score, the incidence of adverse reactions were compared. Results The two groups of patients with advanced cervical cancer after treatment, there are significant differences in the observation index, statistical significance (P<0.05), in which the short-term efficacy of the experimental group is higher than the short-term efficacy of the control group by 31.52％. Conclusion For patients with advanced cervical cancer, the implementation of albumin binding paclitaxel chemotherapy can effectively improve the efficacy of the treatment of patients, high safety, worthy of clinical treatment.

Adult ; Anemia, Hemolytic ; chemically induced ; Female ; Humans ; Pancreatitis ; chemically induced ; Pesticides ; poisoning

Objective To elucidate whether taking Ⅱ b/Ⅲ a receptor antagonist instead of oral antiplatelet drugs during perioperative in patients with drug-eluting stent implantation undergoing non-cardiac surgery would play a preventive role of stent thrombosis,without increasing surgical bleeding.Methods Six patients aged 60 -75 years old with drug-eluting stent implantation within 1 year taking dual antiplatelet drugs without any chest pain,and whose heart function classification for two (NYHA) were enrolled.They underwent surgical treatment due to ineffective conservative treatment of surgical disease,5 days before surgery intravenous infusion tirofiban 0.1 μg/( kg · min) micro pumps continuously instead of oral dual antiplatelet drugs,2 hours before surgery stop tirofiban and re-application of tirofiban 0.1 μg/( kg · rain) after surgery in the intensive care unit,and replacing tirofiban with oral dual antiplatelet as soon as possible according to the situation.Analyze cardiovascular events,especially stent thrombosis events and seriously bleeding,tirofiban adverse drug events during perioperative.Results Six patients have no perioperative malignant ischemic ventricular arrhythmia,angina,myocardial infarction,sudden cardiac death,no massive bleeding and adverse drug reactions.Conclusion Substitution of oral dual antiplatelet drugs for Ⅱ b/Ⅲ a receptor antagonists to prevent stent thrombosis treatment during perioperative in patients with drug-eluting stent implantation undergoing non=cardiac surgery may be feasible and safe,but needs to be further confirmed through large sample of randomly controlled trials.

Objective:To compare the models of guinea pig allergic rhinitis induced by different allergens. Methods: Ovalbumin (OVA), 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate (TDI) and alternariaalternata was respectively used as the allergens to establish the model of guinea pigs allergic rhinitis. The conformity of the models and human allergic rhinitis was studied through the behavioral indices, such as the times of nose itches, nasal discharge flow, histological properties and serum HA and IgE indices. Results:The times of sneezing and scratching nose, serum HA and IgE in OVA group was significantly different from those in the control group (P<0. 001 or P<0. 01). Conclusion:The models of allergic rhinitis induced by OVA are the same as allergic rhinitis in typical symptoms and pathological changes.

Objective To evaluate the curative effects and safty of contra-aperture dissection and skin bridge preservation in the treatment of low transphincteric perianal fistula.Methods Sixty subjects of low transphincteric perianal fistula were randomly divided into two groups.Thirty cases of treatment group were treated by contra-aperture dissection and skin bridge preservation,and 30 cases of control group were treated by anal fistulectomy.On the second,seventh and fourteenth day after operation,the postoperative pain,exudate and fever were recorded and scored.The curative time was observed.Anorectal dynamic changes were compared simultaneously to evaluate the curative effects and safety of contra-aperture dissection and skin bridge preservation.Results The scores of pain and exudate were significantly different between the treatment and the control group(P＜0.01).The wound-healing time was shorter in the treatment group than that in the control group((27.37±8.93) d vs.(32.73±9.45) d,P=0.000).There were significant differences in the anal resting pressure,anal maximal contraction pressure and active systolic pressure between the two groups (t =13.12,10.21,12.10;P＜0.01).There was no significant difference of total effect between the two groups(100％ and 93.3％;x2 =2.07,P＞0.05).Conclusion Contra-aperture dissection and skin bridge preservation can reduce postoperative pain,exudate and fever,shorten wound-healing time and protect anal functions in the treatment of low transphincteric perianal fistula.

Objective To investigate the role of vitamin D receptor (VDR) in the protection of bufalin on podocyte injury induced by adriamycin (ADR).Methods (1) In vitro:the toxic effect of different concentrations of bufalin (10-9,10-8,10-7,104 mol/L) on podocyte was evaluated by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) test;Annexin V-FITC and RT-PCR were utilized for podocyte apoptosis and VDR mRNA level respectively.Western blotting was used to analyze the protein expression of VDR and nephrin.SiRNA intervene was also applied to evaluate the role of VDR in bufalin's protective effect on podocyte injury induced by ADR.(2) In vitro:24 SD rats were randomly divided into three groups:control group,ADR group and ADR+bufalin group.TUNEL assay was applied to detect the apoptosis of podocytes in the kidney.Immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscope (TEM) were applied to analyze the expression of VDR and the ultrastructure of the glomerulus.Results Bufalin concentration lower than 10-7 mol/L had no toxicity on normal podocyte.Bufalin reduced the urinary protein excretion (P ＜ 0.05),alleviated the removal of podocyte foot processes and attenuated the changes in nephrin expression in the glomerulus of the adriamycin (ADR) rats (P ＜ 0.05).Bufalin notably inhibited the down-regulation of VDR in protein levels on the glomerulus of the ADR rats.Additionally,bufalin inhibited the down-regulation of VDR in both mRNA levels and protein levels (P ＜ 0.05),nephrin protein expression (P＜ 0.05),and apoptosis induced by ADR in cultured podocytes.Additionally,VDR specific siRNA intervene abolished the protective effect of bufalin in ADR-induced podocyte injury.Conclusion Bufalin can alleviate ADR-induced podocyte injury via enhancing VDR expression.