Clinically,peripheral nerve injury is common,treatment is still a clinical problem.Because of the peripheral nerve's particular dissection and the function,repair of its damage is a complex process,meticulous microsurgical technique can be used to restore nerve continuity,but the restoration of nerve function is still not satisfactory.Recently,the domestic and foreign scholars has made effort and achieved some success,particularly,the allograft nerve transplant has applied in clinical.

BACKGROUND: Deproteinized bone has three diamensions frame profitting bone cells to adhere to, new capillaries and interstitial cells to enter, osteoblasts to differentiate and extracellular matrix to synthesize. Calcium phosphate cement (CPC) is a new in-ceramic bone cement that can degradate, which has plasticity, no heat production, invariably mechanics intension and porosity.OBJECTIVE: To explore the ability of CPC attaching with human vascular endothelial growth factor (rhVEGF) and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) in promoting deproteinized osteoarticular allograft to repair osteoarticular defect.DESIGN: Randomly control observation.SETTING: Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University.MATERIALS: A total of 42 adult hybridization dogs of both genders and weighing (10±0.5) kg were provided by Animal Center of Chongqing Medical University. RhVEGF was provided by Beijing Boaosen Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; rhBMP-2 by Guangzhou Dahui Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; CPC by Shanghai Ruibang Biotechnology Co., Ltd.METHODS: The experiment was carried out in the Laboratory of Orthopaedics (Municipal Laboratory), Clinical College,Chongqing Medical University from March to September 2006. A total of 36 adult dogs were randomly divided into three groups with 12 in each group, including group A: CPC/rhVEGF/rhBMP-2/deproteinized femoral inferior extremity (DPB)osteoarticular allograft; group B: rhVEGF/rhBMP-2/DPB osteoarticular allograft; group C: simple DPB osteoarticular allograft. The experimental dogs were cut off femur by wire saw from articular surface with 30 mm, then fixed the grafts to broken ends of fractured femur with cross Kirschner wires, drawn down the proximad periosteum and sutured it. At the 4th, 8th, 12th and 16th weeks after operation, the effects were partly assessed by X-ray film examination, histologic examination as well as immunohistochemistry analysis of VEGF and BMP-2, vas capillare analysis by vaso-filling with ink, radionuclide bone imaging examination (ECT) and vitodynamic tests.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: At the 4th, 8th, 12th and 16th weeks after operation, the effects were partly assessed by X-ray film examination, histologic examination as well as immunohistochemistry analysis of VEGF and BMP-2, vas capillare analysis by vaso-filling with ink, radionuclide bone imaging examination (ECT) and vitodynamic tests.RESULTS: All 36 rats were involved in the final results. ① From 4th to 16th week after operation, the callus formation in group A was better than that of group B and group C by x-ray film examination. ② Image analysis system displayed that the value of area integration of optical density in group A was obviously higher than that in group B and C about VEGF at the 8th, 12th and 16th weeks, and BMP-2 at the 4th, 8th, 12th and 16th weeks. The difference had statistical significance (P＜ 0.01). ③ The new vessels of grafts in group A were more than those in group B and C, part of those inclined to mature. The difference had statistical significance (P ＜ 0.01). ④ The blood flow of operation side was higher than that of uninjured side after operation, but that in group A was significantly higher than that in group B and C. The difference had statistical significance (P＜ 0.01). ⑤ At the 16th week, the result in group A was significantly higher than that in group B and C (P＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION: The recombinant deproteinized osteoarticular materials have fairly strong ability of new bone formation and vasculogenesis, and can early achieve bone healing, repairing osteoarticular defect and become autologous tissue at last.

Objective: To screen the active fraction with anti-inflammatory effect of Hosta plantaginea and study the chemical constituents of the active fraction. Methods: Different polar fractions were prepared by extraction with organic solvents. Their anti-inflammatory effects were evaluated by mice models treated by acetic acid-induced celiac capillary permeability and cotton pellets-induced granuloma. The constituents of active fraction were purified by chromatographic methods and identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data. Results: The ethyl acetate fraction could significantly inhibit the reinforce of celiac capillary permeability and the cotton pellets granuloma. Ten compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction and identified as docosanol (1), β-sitosterol (2), stigmasterol (3), (25R)-2α,3β-dihydroxy- 5α-spirostane-9(11)-en-12-one (4), daucosterol (5), (25R)-2α, 3β-dihydroxy-5α-spirostane-9(11)-en-12-one-3-O-{O-β-D- glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)] -O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-galactopyranoside} (6), kaempferol 3-O-(2″-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-β-D-rutinoside (7), kaempferol 3-O-β-D-rutinoside-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (8), (25R)-2α,3β,12β-trihydroxy-5α-spirostane 3-O-{O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-galactopyranoside} (9), and (25R)-2β, 3β-dihydroxy-5α-spirostane 3-O-{O-β-D- glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-galactopyranoside} (10). Conclusion: The ethyl acetate extract was the anti-inflammatory fraction of H, plantaginea. Compounds 1-10 were isolated from H. plantaginea for the first time, and compound 10 is a new natural product.

Objective To investigate the relationship between low-grade albuminuria and unfavourable cardiac geometric adaptations and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in non-treated essential hypertensive(EH ) patients. Methods Three hundred and one patients of EH were divided into three groups acording to morning urine albumin concentration ( MU AC ): normoalbuminuria (NAU) group ( 107 cases,MUAC ＜ 10 mg/L) ;low-gradealbuminuria (LGAU) group ( 127 cases, MUAC 10-30 mg/L); microalbuminuria (MAU) group (67 cases, MUAC ＞ 30 mg/L). The blood pressure,body height and weight was measured for all the patients. The serum creatinine (SCr),blood urea nitrogen (BUN), uric acid (UA),fasting plasma glucose (FBG), plasma glucose 2 hours after oral glucose load (2hPG), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were detected by automatic biochemical analyzer.Echocardiogram exarmination was performed to detect left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular end-diastolic posterior wall thickness (LVPWT) and interventricular septum thickness at end-diastole (IVST). Color Doppler ultrasound was used to measure indicators of left ventricular diastolic function, including peak E velocity of mitral diastolic flow (E) and peak A velocity of mitral diastolic flow ( A ), calculated E/A, measured the deceleration time of peak E ( DT ), and isovolumic relaxation time (IV RT ).Left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and relative wall thickness(RWT) were calculated by formula, and LVMI,RWT,left ventricular configuration diastolic dysfunction was compared. Results The level of MUAC had positive relationship with LVMI (r = 0.43 ,P ＜ 0.01 ). Compared with that in NAU group, IVST, LVPWT,RWT, LVMI increased (P ＜ 0.01 ), the ratio of left ventricular normal configuration decreased (P ＜ 0.01 ), the incidence of concentric reconstitution, concentric hypertrophy increased (P ＜ 0.05 ), A increased (P ＜ 0.05 ),and E/A decreased (P ＜ 0.01 ) in LGAU group. The total incidence of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction was 28.6%(86/301 ),12.1%(13/107),33.9%(43/127) and 44.8%(30/67)in NAU group,LGAU group and MAU group. The incidencerates of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in LGAU group and MAU group were higher than that in NAU group (P ＜ 0.01 ). Conclusion LGAU is positively related to incidence of unfavourable cardiac geometric adaptations and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in EH patients.

Objective To investigate the result of detethering operation for the hydrops of upper urinary tract caused by tethered cord syndrome (TCS). Methods A retrospective study was carried out on 20 cases of TCS treated by detethering operation. The main parameters were compared pre-and postoperation on postvoiding residual volume, kidney and ureter of B-ultrasonograph and renal function of serum biochemicals. Results The postvoiding volume resumed normal in 5 cases,decreased in 10 cases.The effective rate was 83%.The hydronephrosis was obviously improved in 6 cases,mild in 7 cases and unchanged in 7 cases.The rate of improvement was 65%.The hydroureterosis was markedly effective in 7 cases,partial in 4 cases,unchanged in 7 cases.The rate of effect was 61%.Renocortical thickness was evident increase in 5 cases,alleviate increase in 2 cases and unchanged in 13 cases.The rate of increase was 35%.2 cases of moderate uremia was transformed to mild and 4 cases of mild uremia was changed to normal. Conclusions The detethering operation is rational and effective for hydrops of upper urinary tract and uremia caused by TCS.

Objective To test the hypothesis that even low-grade microalbuminuria(LGAU) could predict subclinical target organs damage in untreated essential hypertensive(EH) patients.Methods Three hundred and one patients with EH were classified into three groups according to morning urine albumin concentration(MUAC): normoalbuminuria(NAU) group(n=107,MUAC

Objective To determine the pathological mechanism of gastrolithiasis formation in vitro and the effects of pectinase on gastrolithiasis. Methods The test in vitro was divided randomly into two groups:(1) Haws and persimmons(25g respectively) were chewed and put into two clean containers filled with fresh gastric juice.(2) Wine containing 30% alcohol(50ml) was added to the container. Each group included 4 collections.All two groups were placed in 37℃ calorstat box to observe the course and time of gastrolith formation. After gastrolith formation, 2g pectinase was added to the container and observed the decomposition of pectinase to gastrolith and the time was recorded. The effects of pectinase on 54 patients with gastrolithiasis were also investigated. Results The mean time of haws juice coagulation and persimmons was 23 minutes and 25 minutes respectively in the group without wine; but in the group with wine, the mean time of haws juice coagulation and persimmons was 14 minutes and 19 minutes respectively. After adding pectinase, the mean time of clot initiated decomposition was about 17 minutes in both groups, but complete decomposition needed 34 minutes. All the 54 patients with gastrolithiasis who received pectinase were cured.The gastrolith disappeared 6 hours after taking pectinase confirmed by barium meal examination. Conclusions Haws and/or persimmons mixed with gastric juice could induce gastrolith formation. The effects of pectinase on patients with haws or persimmons gastrolithiasis are good, this therapeutic procedure is simple, and the gastrolith resolves quickly.Pectinase may be widely used in the treatment of gastrolithiasis.

ObjectiveTo investigate the correlation between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)of complement factor H (CFH) gene and exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) susceptibility.MethodsThis is a retrospective case control study. 136 exudative AMD patients (AMD group) and 140age and sex-matched normal subjects (control group) were enrolled in this study. The peripheral blood was collected,polymorphism genotypes and frequency of CFH Y402H(rs1061170),CFH-257C ＞ T (rs3753394) and CFH IVS15 (rs1329428)were measured by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and allelespecific restriction endonuclease digestion. The SHEsis software was performed on haplotype construction to analyze the frequency.ResultsThere are TT, TC, CC genotypes and T, C allele in CFH Y402H (rs1061170); CC, CT, TT genotypes and C, T allele in CFH-257C＞T (rs3753394); AA, AG, GG genotypes and A, G allele in CFH IVS15 (rs1329428). The differences of genotypes and allele frequency between 2 groups were statistically significant (P＜0. 05). The TC genotype in CFH Y402H, TT genotype in CFH-257C＞T (rs3753394) and GG genotype in CFH IVS15 (rs1329428) were associated with exudative AMD susceptibility (OR=4. 11,2. 55,3.11;P＜0.05). The T, C and G allele were the risk alleles (OR=3.14,1.72,1.79;P＜0. 05). The differences of frequency between TCG, CTG and CTA haplotype were statistically significant(X2 =10.53,6.60, 32.82;P＜0.05). ConclusionThere is correlation between SNPs of CFH gene and exudative AMD susceptibility.

Objective To explore the role of IEGs in the central neurotoxicity of mice induced by anatoxin-a ANTX-A. Methods 80 Kunming mice were divided into groups and treated with ANTX-A at 200, 50 and 12.5 ?g/kg respectively i.p. for one month, 0.9% sodium chloride solution was used as the control. The expression of c-fos and NGFI-A genes and CREB protein in mouse brain were determined by using RT-PCR and immunocytochemical methods. Results The expression of c-fos gene significantly increased in the females of 50, 200 ?g/kg groups and in the males of 200 ?g/kg group compared with the control group. The expression of C-FOS and CREB-1 protein was significantly higher in 200 ?g/kg group than that in the control group. In all ANTX-A treated groups, the expression of NGFI-A gene did not show a significant difference compared with the control. Conclusion c-fos and CREB-1 genes may play a role in the central neurotoxicity induced by anatoxin-a.

Objective To observe the clinical effect of recombinant bovine basic fibroblast growth factor gel combined with esberitox for recurrent oral ulcer.Methods Forty-six patients with recurrent oral ulcer were divided into treatment group of 22 patients and control group of 24 patients by random digits table method.The patients in treatment group were given recombinant bovine basic fibroblast growth factor gel and esberitox.The patients in control group were given the watermelon frost spray only.After treatment for 1 week,the curative effect was compared.Results The cure rate in treatment group was 90.9％ (20/22),which was significantly higher than that in control group (66.7％,16/24),and there was significant difference (P ＜0.05).The time of pain vanish,oral ulcer decrease,oral ulcer healing in treatment group were significantly shorter than those in control group,and there were significant differences (P ＜0.05).Conclusions Recombinant bovine basic fibroblast growth factor gel combined with esberitox for recurrent oral ulcer can promote ulcer healing,shorten the course of disease,and has no adverse reaction.It is worthy of applying in clinic.