The patients with liver failure have a high risk of death.Liver transplant is known as the most curative therapy for those patients,but the transplant operations are often restricted because of the donor deficiency and high medical cost.Now artificial liver is still the best choice to treat the liver failure.In the article,the research progress on the replacement and the support therapy in the patients with liver failure is reviewed.

ObjectiveTo explore the application value of repaglinide combined with metformin in type 2 diabetes therapy.Methóds92 patients with type 2 diabetes were randomly divided into study group and control group.Two groups of patients were given repaglinide treatment,patients in study group given metformin treatment.The blood lipid,glucose metabolism,body weight change and clinical outcomes were compared belween the groups.ResultsCompared with the control group,study group the cure rate and total effective rate was significantly increased,as high as 58.7％ and 97.8％,the ineffective rate was significantly decreased,only 2.2％,there were significant differences ( x2 =2.64,3.59,3.59,P ＜ 0.05 ).The fasting and 2h postprandial blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin and other indicators of glucose metabolism in the study group were significantly decreased,there were also significant differences(P ＜ 0.05 ).The triglycerides and cholesterol and other lipid levels and body mass index in the study group were significantly decreased,there were significant differences ( P ＜ 0.05 ).ConclusionRepaglinide combined with metformin in type 2 diabetes treatment was remarkable for type 2 diabetes to further improve the clinical efficacy.

Objective To compare the effect of laparoscopic appendectomy and laparotomy surgery in the treatment of chronic appendicitis .Methods According to the different operation mode , 148 patients with chronic appendicitis were divided into the laparoscopic operation group (62 cases) and abdominal operation group (86 cases). The operation time ,bleeding volume ,the first time of anal exhaust ,hospitalization time and postoperative complications were observed.The patients were followed up for 6 months to 2 years,the postoperative abdominal adhesion and pain were observed .Results The bleeding volume ,the first time of anal exhaust ,hospital stay and hospitalization expenses in the laparoscopic operation group were significantly less than those in the abdominal operation group ( t=3.307, 2.682,2.703,2.830,all P<0.05).The operation time of the two groups had no statistical difference (t=0.506,P>0.05).After surgery,the number of patients with abdominal abscess ,intestinal obstruction,infection of incision had no statistically significant differences between the two groups (χ2 =1.132,1.305,1.287,all P>0.05).The number of patients with chronic pain in laparoscopic operation group was 6 (10.2%),which was significantly less than that in the control group (19 cases,22.6%) (χ2 =3.956,P<0.05).Conclusion The laparoscopic appendectomy has small trauma,quick recovery,that can be widely explored during resection of abdominal adhesion ,with low incidence rate of postoperative chronic pain ,better therapeutic effect .

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the highly cited papers in China Pharmacy so as to provide reference for drug research and application in China.METHODS: A bibliometric analysis was conducted to study the highly cited papers in China Pharmacy from 1990 to 2008 using Chinese Journal Full-Text Database(CJFD) and Chinese Science Citation Database(CSCD).RESULTS: Of all those papers,32 papers had a citation frequency of 30,being highly cited 2 to 6 years after their publication.349 papers had a citation frequency of 10,and their publishing time was mainly from 1996 to 2005.These highly-cited papers were mostly related to hospital pharmacy,followed by pharmacy administration and pharmaceutics as well as review articles.CONCLUSIONS: The focuses and hot topics of present pharmacy research in China Pharmacy were rational drug use,pharmaceutical care,the methodology and application of pharmacoeconomics etc.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the characteristics and regularity of ADR induced by gefitinib. METHODS:31 cases of ADR induced by gefitinib in 23 pieces of literatures collected from domestic medical academic periodicals during 2004～2008 were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS:Of total 31 cases of ADR,29.03% were occurred in 61～70 aged patients; lesion of skin and its appendants were caused by ADR in 8 cases (25.81%); 10 cases represented as digestive system injury (32.26%),6 cases as interstitial pneumonia (19.35%); 30 cases occurred during medication period,about 30% occurred within 10 days of medication; 3 patients were dead from interstitial pneumonia. CONCLUSION:It is necessary to pay attention to ADR induced by gefitinib in the clinic and strengthen clinical observation during medication in order to reduce the incidence of serious ADR.

In the 21st century,with the rapid economic development and increasing social aging levels in China,there is an increasingly urgent need to construct a correspondent cultural pattern of elderly hospice care.In this paper,the elderly hospice care cultural patterns are researched on spiritual care,the arts and aesthetics care,family ethics care and social care as well as religious concern,etc.

Effects of cutting the ventral trunk of abtominal vagus nerve of rats. and stimulating its central end on the somatostatin concentration in amygdala, hy-pothalamic nuclei and stomach were studied by radioimmunoassay.Following section of the vagus nerve, the somatostatin concentration of amygdaloid nuclei was not changed, that of lateral preoptic area, hyopthalamic ventromedial nuclei and paraventricular nuclei was reduced, and that of mucosal and muscular layers of antrum and corpus of stomach was also decreased, indicating the tonic influence of the vagus nerve impulses on hypothalamic and gastric somatostatin concentration. Electrical stimulation of the central end of the vagus nerve decreased the somatostatin concentration of medial, lateral and central amygdala, increased that of lateral preoptic area, hypothalamic ventromedial and paravcntricular nuclei, and also increased that of mucosal and muscular layers of gastric antrum, suggesting that somatostatin in amygdala and hypothalamic nuclei plays a role in central integration of visceral afferent information.

The effects of somatostatin and cysteamine injccted into the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH) on somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (SLI) concentration in the gastric antral mucosa and portal vein plasma as well as the gastric acid secretion were studied in anesthetized rats. The SLI concentration in the gastric antral mucosa and portal vein plasma and the gastric acid output were significantly increased one hour after injection of somatostatin (o. 5 ?g/0.5 ?l) into the VMH. Four hours later, the SLI concentration in the mucosa was still higher than the control level, while the SLI level in the plasma and the acid secretion were close to those of controls. On the contrary, the SLI concentration in the mucosa and plasma and the acid output were markedly decreased at four hours after injection of cysteamine (15?g/0.5?l) into the VMH. The present results suggest that both exogenous and endogenous somatostatin in the VMH have a facilitory action on the gastric somatostatin concentration and its release as well as on the gastric acid secretion, thus providing evidence for hypothalamic control of gastric somatostatin and acid secretion.

According to the basic principle of Marxist theory of knowledge,this paper demonstrates the function of error. It first examines the inevitability of making mistakes in cognition and the dual nature of error itself.Then it focuses on the new knowledge on error, and points out that error could help people to be in a state of vigilance easily. Error is pregnant with truth, and can stimulate the development truth. This paper indicates that error can be turned into our wealth as long as we adopt a scientific attitude towards it.

[Objective] To evaluate the diagnostic value of the recombinant antigen of 39 amino acid repeats encoded by a kinesin-like gene of Leishmania changasi (rK39) in serodiagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). [Methods] In Kashi, Xinjiang, 13 VL patients with splenomegaly and bone marrow aspirate culture positive were subjected to dipstick assay. A drop of whole blood or serum from patient was placed at the absorbing pad at the bottom of the dipstick.Flooding of the bottom protein with buffer allows serum proteins to migrate upwards, producing the positive band and Western blot analysis of rK39 subsequently performed with the sera collected. [Results] The end-point titers of antirK39 antibodies of these sera were determined by ELISA and found to fall within the range of 10-2 to 10-4, which were consistent with the intensity of their reaction with rK39 in dipstick assay. The positive sera could also recognize the specific rK39 band as analyzed by Western blot analysis. [Conclusion] The rK39 dipstick assay is more rapid, specific, sensitive and less invasive than the conventional methods of diagnosis for VL in the areas of low endemicity.