Objective To explore the safety and efficiency of holmium laser percutaneous nephrolithotomy in the treatment of upper ureteral calcui.Methods A retrospective analysis was made on 132 cases of upper ureteral calcui treated by holmium laser percutaneous nephrolithotomy.After retrograde placement of the ureteral catheter,a track from the skin surface into the middle renal calyx was established under the guidance of a C-arm fluoroscopy.Then a ureteroscope was passed to introduce a holmium laser lithotriptor.Stones were broken up and a nephrostomy tube was placed in the incision to carry fluid from the kidney.Results Holmium laser percutaneous nephrolithotomy was completed on one session in all the 132 cases(155 sides),including 116 cases of single-tract nephrolithotomy and 16 cases of double-tract nephrolithotomy.The stone-free rate was 95.5%(148/155).The duration of operation was 30~320 min(mean,108 min).The intraoperative blood loss was 50~200 ml(mean,100 ml).No blood transfusion was required and no postoperative hemorrhage happened.No analgesics were needed after operation.The nephrostomy tube was left for 3~8 d(4.6 d).The length of postoperative hospital stay was 5~11 d(mean,7.4 d).Follow-up observations in the 132 cases for 1~6 months(mean,3 months) showed complete relief of symptoms.B-ultrasonography showed a mean of renal pelvis separation of 15 mm,which had decreased by 9~28 mm postoperatively.Conclusions Holmium laser percutaneous nephrolithotomy is safe and effective in the treatment of upper ureteral calcui.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficiency of laparoscopic operation for the treatment of ureteropelvic junction obstruction(UPJO).Methods A total of 19 patients with UPJO underwent laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty.The operation was performed under general anesthesia.The patients were maintained in a lateral decubitus on unaffected side.After the establishment of pneumoperitoneum,3~4 trocars were introduced at proper sites.During the operation,the lateral peritoneum was opened and the ureteropelvic junction obstruction was dissociated and dissected.The end-to-end anastomosis of the renal pelvis and ureter was conducted and a double-J stent was placed in the ureter.Results All the operations were performed successfully.The operation time was 110~240 min(mean,150 min),the blood loss was 50~100 ml(mean,80 ml),and the postoperative hospitalization time,6~10 d(mean,7.8 d).No severe complications occurred.Follow-up assessment with intravenous urography for 3~15 months(mean,6 months) in 14 patients showed no ureteral stricture.Conclusions Laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty is an effective and safe procedure in the treatment of UPJO.It can replace the open surgery.

Objective To investigate the correlation of nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) with metabolic syndrome(MS). Methods A total of 240 subjects living in rural areas of Ningxia were enrolled in this study and divided into two groups :MS group (n= 120 ) and healthy control group (n= 120 ). The relationship of NF‐κB with MS was evaluated by t‐test ,partial correlation and conditional logistic regression analysis. Results Whole blood NF‐κB protein level was significantly lower in MS group than in control group [(352.31 ± 307.35) vs (441.00 ± 345.10) ng/L ,P<0.05]. Whole blood NF‐κB protein level was significantly lower in male ,Han nationality ,and 45~55 years old patients of MS group than in control group (P<0.05). Partial correlation analysis showed that NF‐κB was associated with BMI (β=-0.146 ,P=0.025) .Conditional logistic regression analysis showed that whole blood NF‐κB protein was a protective factor for MS (OR=0.91 ,95% CI:0.72~0.98 ,P<0.05). Conclusion The blood NF‐κB level is associated with MS.

Purpose　The aim is to increase stability and to s olve the problem of splitting of human serum γ-globulin products.Methods 　Fibrinolysin and profibrinolysin in the human serum γ-globulin p roducts were absorbed with L-lysine-Sepharose 4B.Results　Compared with the unabsorbed products, the splitting degree of the absorbed pr oducts decreased obviously.Conclusion　In manufacture of human serum γ-globulin products,absorbing fibrinolysin and profibrinolysin with L -lysine-Sepharose 4B may increase stability of the product.It was an effecti ve method to improve the quality of product.

One hundred sixty-three cases with a mean age of 58 years (range 21 to 87) underwent nephron sparing surgery due to suspected renal tumors.Mean tumor size was 2.8 cm (range 1.0 to 4.0 cm).Frozen section analysis was routinely performed during surgery,positive tumor margins in frozen section analysis were found in 5 cases (3.1%),and immediate radical nephrectomy was followed.Among 158 cases,in which frozen section analysis showed negative margins,paraffin sections disclosed positive tumor margins in 6 cases (3.8%).Our results suggest that frozen section analysis during nephron sparing surgery has limited clinical significance and hence routine incorporation in urological practice should be reconsidered.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for simultaneous determination of spironolactone and erythromycin in Com-pound spironolactone gel. METHODS:HPLC was performed on the column of Thermo-Hypersil ODS2-C18 with mobile phase of 0.1 mol/L ammonium dihydrogen phosphate solution (pH was adjusted to 7.0 by triethylamine)-acetonitrile (60∶40,V/V) at flow rate of 1.0 ml/min,detection wavelength was 215 nm and 238 nm,column temperature was 30℃,and injection volume was 5 μl. RESULTS:The linear range was 0.251 6-5.032 μg/ml for spironolactone and 0.577 2-11.544 μg/ml(r=0.999 9) for erythromycin (r=0.999 9);RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were no more than 0.83%;average recoveries were 97.8%(RSD=0.74%,n=9)and 96.7%(RSD=2.60%,n=9),respectively. CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple,reproducible,ac-curate and reliable,and can be used for the quality control of Compound spironolactone gel.

Incidence of cancer is increasing year by year,diagnostic techniques are continually advanced,and the numbers of anti-cancer drugs are growing,but the efficacy has not been fundamentally improved.Surgery,chemotherapy and radiotherapy can only kill the part of mature tumor cells,but can not kill the cancer stem cells,and eventually leading to tumor recurrence.While acupuncture,qigong,psychology comprehensive treatment can inhibit tumor growth and reduce metastasis and recurrence,improve quality of life and prolong survival.We should update our recognition,to carry out the study on the treatment of tumor by TCM with large sample and multiple centers,to demonstrate its low toxicity,low costs and efficiency.

Objective To discuss the efficacy and safety of retroperitoneal laparoscopic ureterolithotomy in treatment of ureteral calculi.Methods All 33 cases with upper or midst ureter calculi were treated by laparoscopic ureterolithotomy,ESWL or URSL ineffective for 26 cases.The diameters of calculi ranged from 0.7 to 2.1 cm.Results All the operations were successful.The operation time was 30～120 min with a mean of 55 min.The intraoperative bleeding volume Was 40 ml (20～80 ml) on average no complication Was observed duing the follow-up of 6～12 months.All the hydronephrosis Was alleviated.Conclusion Laparoscopic ureterolithotomy is suitable for ureteral calculi treated unsuccesfully by open surgery.It is effective,safety and miniinvasive.

There is a close relationship between the Wnt signaling and neurogenesis/angiogenesis, which is significant in the regulation of the brain plasticity. Investigations on the mechanism of Wnt signaling in neurogenesis and angiogenesis are under way, and these investigations contribute to the recognition of the restoration and regeneration after the brain injury.

Most of the current experiments are obsolete and verified,the students are not interested in and the experiments are out of touch with the actual work.These are the common problems in the experiment teaching of occupational health and occupational medicine.By taking the students who majored in preventive medicine as the subjects,this study aimed to explore the effects of independent designed experiment teaching mode,which was based on dividing the groups before class,choosing the projects by students themselves,deciding the design of the program via the discussion of teacher and students and doing the experimental reports and sharing the experience.The results showed that,in the premise of the preliminary master of the theory and basic skills of occupational health and occupational medicine,carrying out independent designed experiments in the last three weeks of semester,to a certain extent,could arouse students' interest in learning,cultivate their abilities of independent thinking,practice,problem analysis and solution,and team cooperation.However,restricted by lack of teachers,inadequate equipment and high cost and other factors,this teaching mode is only suitable for small class.