ObjectiveTo investigate the personnel structure,academic composition,psychological status,nursing behavior and management of the assistant nurses. MethodsThe age,educational structure,mental state and management of 110 assistant nurses were surveyed in our hospital from August 2008 to July 2011,and the results were analyzed. ResultsAmong 110 assistant nurses,24～26 year- old accounted for 60％,tertiary education accounted for 20.9％,working age mostly between 2～3 years.Depression,fear,worry,anxiety,regret,etc.were the most prominent state of mind of nurses. ConclusionsThe old and new with mentoring,early implementation of psychological interventions,maintenance of their self- esteem and strengthening the humanistic quality training can effectively stabilize psychological state of assistant nurses.The implementation of people- centered care management model not only can improve the overall professional quality of the nurses,but also can reach the ultimate goal of nurses,patients,hospitals tripartite benefit.

Objective To explore different intervention methods on the risk factors of cardiovascular disease for women with severe pre-eclampsia history.Methods 78 patients with a history of severe preeclampsia in the hospital from November 2006 to November 2008 were chosen as the research subject.They were divided into the observation group and the control group according to the adopted different methods of intervention with 39 patients in each group.The control group was taken with conventional interventions for obesity intervention,and the observation group was treated with standard behavior therapy (SBT).The improving situations of the related risk factors for cardiovascular disease after three months for the two groups were compared.The effect of different intervention methods on the risk factors of cardiovascular disease was evaluated for women with severe pre-eclampsia history.Results After the intervention,the cardiovascular risk factors (systolic blood pressure,body mass,waist circumference,fasting glucose,total cholesterol/high density lipoprotein) of the two groups improved significantly than before the intervention.But the improvement effect of the observation group was better than the control group,the differences between the two groups were significant.Conclusions The intervention effect on risk factors of cardiovascular disease by standard behavior therapy for women with severe pre-eclampsia history is better than conventional way,which is worthy of clinical application.

Objective To investigate the influence of psychological intervention on the physical and psychomotor development of children born of assisted reproductive technology. Methods 329 cases of ART born children in our hospital were set as the experimental group,the parturients were given pertinent psychological intervention.254 cases of children of spontaneous pregnancy were selected as the control group.The two groups were given follow-up for 24 months.Their physical condition at birth and psychomotor development during follow - up period were compared. Results Compared with the control group,length of infants at birth,body mass of the experimental group were significantly lower,and the incidence rate of premature birth,low birth weight,NICU stay during neonatal stage were higher.But there were no differences in psychomotor development between two groups. Conclusions ART born children of 24-month old show normal psychomotor development,but there are still more unfavorable physical factors,therefore,pertinent nursing intervention should be given based upon psychological intervention in clinic.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between caregivers' nutritional knowledge and children's dietary behavior in rural areas of China. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted. 3361 rural caregivers and their children, aged 2 to 7 years old, were selected randomly and surveyed by questionnaire. Logistic regression models were used to identify the relationship between caregivers' nutritional knowledge and the children's dietary behaviors. RESULTS: The awareness level of nutritional knowledge among rural caregivers was 57.9%; among the children surveyed, 79.6% did not like to drink milk, 66.0% were considered choosy of food, 84.1% regularly snacked, 24.4% frequently skipped breakfast, and 13.7% did not come to meals on time. Logistic regression models indicated that a caregiver with a low level of nutritional knowledge is a risk factor for a child's unhealth dietary behaviors (snacking excepted): the odds ratios (OR) of not liking to drink milk, being choosy about food, skipping breakfast or not having meals on time are 1.665, 1.338, 1.330 and 1.582, respectively. CONCLUSION Caregivers' nutritional knowledge is strongly associated with children's dietary behavior. Nutrition education programs are urgently wanted to improve caregiver's knowledge and thus to improve children's dietary behavior in rural areas of China.
Caregivers ; education ; Child ; Child Behavior ; psychology ; Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Feeding Behavior ; psychology ; Female ; Food Preferences ; psychology ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Rural Population ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of long term use of beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) nasal spray on bone density with perennial allergic rhinitis (AR) in adults. METHOD: A 5-year randomized study was conducted on the effects of BDP nasal spray on serum calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, and bone density determined before and after the treatment in 36 adult patients with perennial AR. 20-45 years of age, were randomly divided into 3 groups. That is group A (nasal spray 1 - <3 year), group B (nasal spray BDP 3 - <5 year) and group C (nasal spray BDP > or =5 year). The data were analyzed by paired t test. RESULT: The perennial AR were followed up for more than > or =1 year, > or =3 year and > or =5 year to observe the influences of nasal spray BDP. There were no significant difference between the data examined before and after the treatment (P > 0.05). Bone development is not influenced by nasal spray BDP < or =400 microg/d within 5 years. CONCLUSION Long term use of BDP nasal spray in adult patients does not lead to osteoporosis if the lowest effective steroid dose is given.
Adult ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; blood ; Beclomethasone ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Bone Density ; drug effects ; Calcium ; blood ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phosphorus ; blood ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To explore the relation between environmental factors and the occurrence of congenital heart disease (CHD). METHODS: A hospital-based case-control study was conducted. Mothers of 123 patients with congenital heart disease and 246 normal newborns were interviewed with standardized questionnaires. Chi-square test and logistic regression models were performed to analyze the influencing factors. RESULTS: As shown in multivariable logistic model, gravida with occupational exposure (OR=4.10), or gravida with chronic diseases during progestational pregnancy (OR=5.95), gravida with abnormal childbearing history (OR=6.27), and gravida catching a cold in the early stage of pregnancy (OR=2.07) would increase the risk of CHD. On the contrary, eating meat, egg (OR=0.18) and milk (OR=0.23), and taking multivitamin and microelement (OR=0.35) during the pregnancy reduced the risk of CHD. CONCLUSION The risk of the offspring developing CHD is associated with gravida's exposure to many environmental factors during pregnancy. It is time to strengthen the intervention measures to reduce the occurrence of CHD.
Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Environment ; Female ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; etiology ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Logistic Models ; Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Occupational Exposure ; adverse effects ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications ; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ; Risk Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Objective: To describe the situation and identify factors associated with malnutrition among infants and young children aged 6-23 months in poor rural areas in Hunan Province in 2015. Methods: 8 735 rural infants and young children aged 6-23 months in 30 poor counties of Wuling Mountains and Luoxiao Mountains in Hu'nan province were selected by township-level probability proportional to size sampling (PPS) in August 2015, infants' body length and weight were measured, and questionnaires were used to collect infants' information on personal and family, and feeding status in the past 24 h. The prevalence of stunting, underweight and wasting were calculated according to the Growth Standards of Child Aged Under 7 in China which was established in 2009 by Community Health Department of National Health and Family Planning Commission, China (formerly Chinese MOH), and the prevalence of malnutrition was calculated according to the classification of children with anthropometric failure. Multi non-conditional logistic regression model were used to analyze factors associated with malnutrition among infants and young children aged 6-23 months. Results: The prevalence of malnutrition among infants and young children aged 6-23 months was 13.7% (1 198/8 735), the prevalence of stunting, underweight and wasting among infants and young children aged 6-23 months were 4.8% (419/8 735), 9.7% (849/8 735) and 6.1% (531/8 735) respectively. Compared with male group, the OR value of malnutrition for the female group was 1.16; Compared with Han ethnic group, the OR value of malnutrition for the Miao and Tujia ethnic group were 0.83 and 0.66, respectively; Compared with mother with an education level of primary school or below, the OR value of malnutrition for the mother with junior high school, senior high school and university or above education were 0.65, 0.61 and 0.56, respectively; Compared with father with an education level of primary school or below, the OR value of malnutrition for the father with senior high school and university or above education were 0.71 and 0.61 respectively; Compared with normal birth weight group, the OR value of malnutrition for the low birth weight group and high birth weight group were 2.85 and 0.27 respectively; Compared with normal delivery group, the OR value of malnutrition for the premature delivery group was 1.37; all P values<0.05. Conclusion The prevalence of malnutrition among infants and young children aged 6-23 months in poor rural areas in Hunan province in 2015 was high; Infants and young children who were female, Han ethnic, parents with low education, low birth weight and premature delivery had higher risk of malnutrition.

Objective: To describe the status of, and to identify the factors associated with, complementary feeding among infants and young children aged 6- 23 months in poor rural areas of Hunan Province, China. Methods: A total of 8 735 infants and young children aged 6- 23 months from 30 poor rural counties in the Wuling and Luoxiao Mountains in Hunan Province were selected by township-level probability-proportional-to-size sampling in August 2015. Questionnaires were used to collect information on the feeding status of the infants in the previous 24 hours, along with personal/family information. The qualified rate of minimum dietary diversity (MDD), the minimum meal frequency (MMF) and the minimum acceptable diet (MAD) were calculated according to the WHO indicators for assessing infant and young child feeding practices. Multi non-conditional logistic regression models were used to analyze factors associated with complementary feeding among infants and young children aged 6- 23 months. Results: The findings indicated that 73.9% (6 452/8 735) of infants and young children aged 6-23 months received the minimum dietary diversity, 81.6% (7 124/8 735) of infants and young children aged 6- 23 months received the minimum meal frequency and 49.0% (4 276/8 735) of infants and young children aged 6- 23 months received an acceptable diet. Compared with the boys, the OR for the MMF and MAD for the girls were 1.15 and 1.11, respectively. Compared with the 6-11 month group, the OR for the MDD for the 12-17 month and 18-23 month groups were 0.41 and 0.38, respectively; the OR for the MMF for the 12-17 month and 18-23 month groups were 1.53 and 2.46, respectively; and the OR for the MAD for the 12-17 month and 18-23 month groups were 0.60 and 0.60, respectively. Compared with the Han ethnic group, the OR for the MDD, MMF and MAD for the Miao ethnic group were 1.43, 1.72 and 1.56, respectively; for the Tujia ethnic group were 2.21, 2.02 and 2.11, respectively; and for the Dong ethnic group were 0.62, 0.61 and 0.64, respectively. When analyzing data related to the children's mothers, compared with women who gestated at the age of 25- 29, the OR for the MMF for women who gestated at less than 20 years of age was 1.59 and at greater than or equal to 35 years of age was 1.33. Compared with women with primary school education or below, the OR for the MDD, MMF and MAD for women with junior high school education were 0.77, 0.74 and 0.80, respectively; for women with senior high school education were 0.67, 0.65 and 0.68, respectively; and for women educated to university level or above were 0.66, 0.47 and 0.60, respectively. Compared with the normal birth weight group, the OR for the MMF for the low birth weight group was 0.71, and for the high birth weight group was 1.30. Compared with the caregivers who provided qualified feeding knowledge, the OR for the MDD, MMF and MAD for the caregivers who provided unqualified feeding knowledge were 1.45, 1.30 and 1.40, respectively. Compared with the breastfed group, the OR for the MDD and the MMF for the non-breastfed group were 0.53 and 0.36, respectively. All P values were <0.05. Conclusion Most infants and young children aged 6-23 months in poor rural areas of China met the MDD and MMF requirements, but fewer met the MAD requirements. The risk factors in infants and young children for complementary feeding included being of female gender, lower in age (months), of Miao or Tujia ethnicity, being born to a mother who gestated at less than 20 or ≥35 years of age, being born to a mother of low education, having a high birth weight, having a caregiver who provided unqualified feeding knowledge and being breastfed.

Objective:To investigate the status and influential factors associated with 2-week prevalence of fever and diarrhea among infants and young children at the age of 6-23 months in poor rural areas.Methods:A total of 8 735 rural infants and young children aged 6-23 months in 30 poor counties of Wuling Mountains and Luoxiao Mountains in Hunan Province were selected in August 2015,and the questionnaires were used to collect information on the prevalence of fever and diarrhea,person and families,and feeding status.The data for prevalence of fever and diarrhea in infants and young children were calculated,and multi-non-conditional logistic regression model were used to analyze the influential factors.Results:The 2-week prevalence of fever and diarrhea in infants and young children was 20.8％ and 12.2％ respectively.The ages (OR=0.66,95％CI 0.58 to 0.75),Dong ethnicity(OR=1.42,95％CI 1.17 to 1.74) and low body weight (OR=1.31,95％CI 1.11 to 1.54) were influential factors for fever among infants and young children in poor rural areas;female (OR=0.86,95％CI 0.76 to 0.98),12-17 months (OR=0.80,95％CI 0.69 to 0.93),18-23 months (OR=0.51,95％CI 0.43 to 0.60),other ethnic minorities (OR=1.70,95％CI 1.13 to 2.56),non-complementary feeding (OR=1.65,95％CI 1.05 to 2.59) and low body weight (OR=1.39,95％CI 1.14 to 1.70) were the influential factors of diarrhea among infants and young children.Conclusion:The 2-week prevalence of fever and diarrhea among infants and young children aged 6-23 months in poor rural areas were quite serious.Low age,Dong ethnicity,and low birth weight are high risk factors for fever.Male,no addition of complementary feeding,and low birth weight are high risk factors for diarrhea.