Objective To study the effect of Perfadex and Wisconsin Unviersity solution on the function of pulmonary artery endothelium.Methods Small lobe pulmonary arteries were dissected from nine porcine lungs.The artery from each lung was cut into six rings in 2mm.Two of them were randomly incubated in Krebs,Perfadex or Wisconsin Unviersity solution (UW solution) at 4℃ for 4 hours.Endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF)-mediated relaxation (percentage of-7.5 logM U46619 precontraction) induced by bradykinin or calcium ionophone A23187 in the present of indomethacin,L-NNA and oxyhemoglobin were measured at 37 ℃ in the organ chambers.Results Vasoconstriction induced by U46619 is no significant difference among three groups (P＞ 0.05).Compared with Krebs group,the relaxation induced by bradykinin or A23187 was significantly decreased in Perfadex group (P＜0.01),while there is no significant difference in UW group (P＞0.05).Conclusion Endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) plays an important role in endothelium-mediated relaxation of porcine pulmonary artery.EDHF-mediated relaxation is impaired when the lung preserved with Wisconsin Unviersity solution,wheras its function is not affected by Perfadex solution.

Objective To study the effect of nicorandil on the function of coronary artery endothelium during hypoxiareoxygenation.Methods Forty-five fresh porcine left anterior descending coronary artery rings in 2mm long were randomly divided into five groups.Control group ( n =9):incubation in Krebs-Henseleit (KH) at 37℃ for 90 minutes with a constant supply of oxygen ; Group A ( n =9):30-minute hypoxia ( PO2 ＜ 15 mm Hg) followed by 30 minutes reoxygenation in KH at 37℃ ; Group B ( n =9):60-minute hypoxia followed by 30 minutes reoxygenation in KH at 37 ℃ ; Group C ( n =9):60-minute hypoxia followed by 30 minutes reoxygenation in KH added nicorandil ( 0.2 μmol/L) at 37 ℃ ; Group D ( n =9 ):60-minute hypoxia followed by 30 minutes reoxygenation in KH added nicorandil (0.2 μmol/L) and 5-hydroxydecanoate ( 10μmol/L) at 37 ℃.The endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) -mediated relaxation ( U46619 precontraction) induced by bradykinin in the present of indomethacin (7 μmol/L),LNNA (300 μmol/L) and oxyhemoglobin (20 μmol/L)were measured in the organ chambers.Results Compared with control group,the relaxation was significantly decreased in group A,B and D ( P ＜ 0.001 ),while there is no significant difference in group C ( P ＞ 0.05 ).Compared with group A,the relaxation was significantly reduced in group B and D (P ＜0.001 ).Conclusion Hypoxia-reoxygenation impairs EDHF mediated relaxation in coronary artery with more injury during prolonged hypoxia.This function can be restored by preconditioning with nicorandil The mechanism is mainly related to the mitochondrial ATP-sensitive K + channels.

Objective To investigate the status and analyze the influencing factors of structural empowerment and psychological empowerment of midwives in Suzhou.Methods Using convenience sampling,totally 309 midwives from fifteen hospitals in Suzhou were investigated with the Conditions of Work Effectiveness Questionnaire-Ⅱ (CWEQ-Ⅱ) and Psychological Empowerment Scale (PES).Results The scores of structural and psychological empowerment of midwives were (18.07±3.12) and (14.82±2.01).There was a significantly positive correlation between midwives' structural and psychological empowerment (r=0.396,P＜0.01).Hospital level and whether participate in midwifery standardization training had an impact on structural empowerment score(P＜0.05).Age,parental status,job title,salary,delivery room working hours,number of night shifts per month,and whether or not participate in teaching had an impact on psychological empowerment score(P＜0.05).Conclusion Midwives' structural and psychological empowerments are at a moderate level.Administrators should take targeted intervention to create an empowerment-allowing working environment for midwives,stabilize midwives work force,strengthen midwifery discipline construction and make full specialized features of midwives.

Objective:To explore the relationship between proactive personality, resilience and achievement motivation of military cadets, and to explore the mediating role of resilience between proactive personality and achievement motivation, as well as the moderating effect of cadets’leading ability on this mediating role.Methods:In this study, 109 military cadets were measured with proactive personality scale, Connor-Davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC) and achievement motivation scale. SPSS 26.0 was used for descriptive statistical analysis and correlation analysis.Results:①There was a significant correlation among the total scores of proactive personality, resilience and achievement motivation ( Ps<0.01). ②Proactive personality could significantly predict the level of achievement motivation ( a=0.454, P<0.001), and resilience could significantly predict the level of achievement motivation ( b=0.231, P=0.019). ③Resilience significantly mediated the relationship between proactive personality and achievement motivation ( c′=0.3, P=0.003). ④Cadets' leading ability moderated the effect of resilience on achievement motivation (index=0.338, 95% CI: 0.057 to 0.881). The mediating effect of resilience between proactive personality and achievement motivation was significant for cadets' leaders (Effect=0.381, 95% CI: 0.085 to 1.005), but not significant for other students (Effect=0.043, 95% CI: -0.069 to 0.252). Conclusion:The proactive personality of military cadets can affect the level of achievement motivation through psychological resilience, which is also moderated by cadre identity, suggesting that military education should improve the level of achievement motivation in many ways.

Objective:To investigate the level of psychological stress, anxiety and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) of military medical students under the condition of normalized prevention and control of the epidemic.Methods:A total of 225 students from a military university were selected by random sampling method. Chinese perceived stress scale (CPSS), Perceived social support scale (PSSS), Self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and PTSD Checklist-5 (PCL-5) were used to measure the mental health of the subjects and influencing factors. SPSS 26.0 was used to conduct independent sample t test and ANOVA analysis. Pearson correlation analysis was conducted, and multiple regression equation was used to further analyze the relationship between psychometric factors. Results:The SAS scores of 22.2% (50/225) of the subjects and PCL-5 scores of 30.7% (69/225) of the subjects reached the positive standard. The results of correlation analysis showed that the total score of PSSS was negatively correlated with CPSS ( r=-0.315, P<0.01), SAS ( r=-0.336, P<0.01) and PCL-5 ( r=-0.137, P<0.05) scores. The score of family support negatively predicted the level of psychological stress ( B=-0.595, P<0.001), anxiety ( B=-0.635, P<0.001) and PTSD level ( B=-0.769, P=0.006) of the students. Conclusion:Social support, especially family support, has a significant protective effect on psychological stress, anxiety and PTSD during the period of normalized prevention and control of the epidemic.

Objective To explore the application effect of objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) in the clinical practical examination for national midwifery standardized training and its significance for the training work.Methods A total of 89 candidates participated in 2016 national midwifery exam were recruited and investigated by self-designed questionnaire included general information, evaluation of measurement and effect of OSCE, and self evaluation.Results Candidates gave a high degree of evaluation and approval on OSCE, and it also had a positive guiding significance for further improving the midwifery training scheme.Conclusions The application of OSCE is in accordance with the practice demand for midwifery talents, thus it has popular value in the midwifery training and exams.

Objective:To construct a risk assessment model based on hesitant probabilistic fuzzy set(HPFS)and to explore its application value in the risk control and management of safe operation of anesthesia equipment.Methods:Taking the whole life cycle safety and management safety as the important risk assessment dimensions,the risk index system of safe operation of anesthesia equipment was constructed,HPFS and hierarchical-superior-inferior solution distance method were used to realize the quantitative analysis of risks,and the safety self-inspection and risk control treatment strategies were formulated.A total of 150 surgical patients and 16 anesthesia equipment used in surgery used in the operation were selected from July 2020 to June 2023 in Tongzhou District Maternal and Child Health Hospital,and into control group and observation group according to different management modes of anesthetic equipment,with 75 cases in each group.The 10 anesthesia machines used during the surgical treatment of the control group adopted the conventional risk control mode,and the 12 anesthesia machines used in the observation group(including 6 in the control group and the 6 newly added ones)adopted the risk assessment control mode.The incidence of perioperative anesthesia equipment-related risk events,the awareness rate of anesthesia medical staff about potential safety risks,and the failure rate of anesthesia equipment were compared between the two groups.Results:The number of perioperative risk events of improper operation of anesthesia equipment,unreasonable dosage of anesthesia,associated infection and missing records in the observation group were 4 cases(5.3%),0 cases(0%),1 case(1.3%)and 1 case(1.3%),respectively,which was lower than that in the control group,the difference was statistically significant(x2=4.478,4.110,6.857,4.754;P<0.05).The average scores of theoretical knowledge of safety management,safe use,management awareness and fault judgment ability of medical staff operating anesthesia equipment in the observation group were(96.27±3.93)points,(94.31±2.69)points,(91.82±1.94)points and(84.97±4.36)points,respectively,which were higher than those in the control group,the difference was statistically significant(t=5.176,5.322,5.541,5.942;P<0.05).The total number of equipment operation setting,anesthetic gas path,anesthesia depth monitoring,threshold alarm and other faults in the two groups were 90,37,25,316 and 125,respectively,and the failure incidence rates in the observation group were 30%(27/90),35%(13/37),28%(7/25),22%(69/316)and 39%(49/125),respectively,which were lower than those in the control group,the difference was statistically significant(x2=28.800,6.541,9.680,200.532,11.664;P<0.05). Conclusion:The risk assessment model based on HPFS can reduce the incidence of risk events related to anesthesia equipment,enhance the awareness of safety risk control of anesthesia medical staff,and improve the quality of clinical operation of anesthesia equipment.

Objective:To investigate the status and influential factors associated with 2-week prevalence of fever and diarrhea among infants and young children at the age of 6-23 months in poor rural areas.Methods:A total of 8 735 rural infants and young children aged 6-23 months in 30 poor counties of Wuling Mountains and Luoxiao Mountains in Hunan Province were selected in August 2015,and the questionnaires were used to collect information on the prevalence of fever and diarrhea,person and families,and feeding status.The data for prevalence of fever and diarrhea in infants and young children were calculated,and multi-non-conditional logistic regression model were used to analyze the influential factors.Results:The 2-week prevalence of fever and diarrhea in infants and young children was 20.8％ and 12.2％ respectively.The ages (OR=0.66,95％CI 0.58 to 0.75),Dong ethnicity(OR=1.42,95％CI 1.17 to 1.74) and low body weight (OR=1.31,95％CI 1.11 to 1.54) were influential factors for fever among infants and young children in poor rural areas;female (OR=0.86,95％CI 0.76 to 0.98),12-17 months (OR=0.80,95％CI 0.69 to 0.93),18-23 months (OR=0.51,95％CI 0.43 to 0.60),other ethnic minorities (OR=1.70,95％CI 1.13 to 2.56),non-complementary feeding (OR=1.65,95％CI 1.05 to 2.59) and low body weight (OR=1.39,95％CI 1.14 to 1.70) were the influential factors of diarrhea among infants and young children.Conclusion:The 2-week prevalence of fever and diarrhea among infants and young children aged 6-23 months in poor rural areas were quite serious.Low age,Dong ethnicity,and low birth weight are high risk factors for fever.Male,no addition of complementary feeding,and low birth weight are high risk factors for diarrhea.

Objective: To describe the status of, and to identify the factors associated with, complementary feeding among infants and young children aged 6- 23 months in poor rural areas of Hunan Province, China. Methods: A total of 8 735 infants and young children aged 6- 23 months from 30 poor rural counties in the Wuling and Luoxiao Mountains in Hunan Province were selected by township-level probability-proportional-to-size sampling in August 2015. Questionnaires were used to collect information on the feeding status of the infants in the previous 24 hours, along with personal/family information. The qualified rate of minimum dietary diversity (MDD), the minimum meal frequency (MMF) and the minimum acceptable diet (MAD) were calculated according to the WHO indicators for assessing infant and young child feeding practices. Multi non-conditional logistic regression models were used to analyze factors associated with complementary feeding among infants and young children aged 6- 23 months. Results: The findings indicated that 73.9% (6 452/8 735) of infants and young children aged 6-23 months received the minimum dietary diversity, 81.6% (7 124/8 735) of infants and young children aged 6- 23 months received the minimum meal frequency and 49.0% (4 276/8 735) of infants and young children aged 6- 23 months received an acceptable diet. Compared with the boys, the OR for the MMF and MAD for the girls were 1.15 and 1.11, respectively. Compared with the 6-11 month group, the OR for the MDD for the 12-17 month and 18-23 month groups were 0.41 and 0.38, respectively; the OR for the MMF for the 12-17 month and 18-23 month groups were 1.53 and 2.46, respectively; and the OR for the MAD for the 12-17 month and 18-23 month groups were 0.60 and 0.60, respectively. Compared with the Han ethnic group, the OR for the MDD, MMF and MAD for the Miao ethnic group were 1.43, 1.72 and 1.56, respectively; for the Tujia ethnic group were 2.21, 2.02 and 2.11, respectively; and for the Dong ethnic group were 0.62, 0.61 and 0.64, respectively. When analyzing data related to the children's mothers, compared with women who gestated at the age of 25- 29, the OR for the MMF for women who gestated at less than 20 years of age was 1.59 and at greater than or equal to 35 years of age was 1.33. Compared with women with primary school education or below, the OR for the MDD, MMF and MAD for women with junior high school education were 0.77, 0.74 and 0.80, respectively; for women with senior high school education were 0.67, 0.65 and 0.68, respectively; and for women educated to university level or above were 0.66, 0.47 and 0.60, respectively. Compared with the normal birth weight group, the OR for the MMF for the low birth weight group was 0.71, and for the high birth weight group was 1.30. Compared with the caregivers who provided qualified feeding knowledge, the OR for the MDD, MMF and MAD for the caregivers who provided unqualified feeding knowledge were 1.45, 1.30 and 1.40, respectively. Compared with the breastfed group, the OR for the MDD and the MMF for the non-breastfed group were 0.53 and 0.36, respectively. All P values were <0.05. Conclusion Most infants and young children aged 6-23 months in poor rural areas of China met the MDD and MMF requirements, but fewer met the MAD requirements. The risk factors in infants and young children for complementary feeding included being of female gender, lower in age (months), of Miao or Tujia ethnicity, being born to a mother who gestated at less than 20 or ≥35 years of age, being born to a mother of low education, having a high birth weight, having a caregiver who provided unqualified feeding knowledge and being breastfed.

Objective: To describe the situation and identify factors associated with malnutrition among infants and young children aged 6-23 months in poor rural areas in Hunan Province in 2015. Methods: 8 735 rural infants and young children aged 6-23 months in 30 poor counties of Wuling Mountains and Luoxiao Mountains in Hu'nan province were selected by township-level probability proportional to size sampling (PPS) in August 2015, infants' body length and weight were measured, and questionnaires were used to collect infants' information on personal and family, and feeding status in the past 24 h. The prevalence of stunting, underweight and wasting were calculated according to the Growth Standards of Child Aged Under 7 in China which was established in 2009 by Community Health Department of National Health and Family Planning Commission, China (formerly Chinese MOH), and the prevalence of malnutrition was calculated according to the classification of children with anthropometric failure. Multi non-conditional logistic regression model were used to analyze factors associated with malnutrition among infants and young children aged 6-23 months. Results: The prevalence of malnutrition among infants and young children aged 6-23 months was 13.7% (1 198/8 735), the prevalence of stunting, underweight and wasting among infants and young children aged 6-23 months were 4.8% (419/8 735), 9.7% (849/8 735) and 6.1% (531/8 735) respectively. Compared with male group, the OR value of malnutrition for the female group was 1.16; Compared with Han ethnic group, the OR value of malnutrition for the Miao and Tujia ethnic group were 0.83 and 0.66, respectively; Compared with mother with an education level of primary school or below, the OR value of malnutrition for the mother with junior high school, senior high school and university or above education were 0.65, 0.61 and 0.56, respectively; Compared with father with an education level of primary school or below, the OR value of malnutrition for the father with senior high school and university or above education were 0.71 and 0.61 respectively; Compared with normal birth weight group, the OR value of malnutrition for the low birth weight group and high birth weight group were 2.85 and 0.27 respectively; Compared with normal delivery group, the OR value of malnutrition for the premature delivery group was 1.37; all P values<0.05. Conclusion The prevalence of malnutrition among infants and young children aged 6-23 months in poor rural areas in Hunan province in 2015 was high; Infants and young children who were female, Han ethnic, parents with low education, low birth weight and premature delivery had higher risk of malnutrition.