Objective To build the schema of combination between commercially available ultrasound contrast agent SonoVue and self-made liposomes,and determine its efficiency. Methods Microbubbles was labeled by carbocyanines dye DiI. The effect of DSPE-PEG-FITC labelling was determined by flow cytometer to evaluate the insertion efficiency of the amphipathic molecule DSPE-PEG(2000)Amine into lipid monomers shell. Aminated fluorescent liposomes were prepared by rotary evaporation and their size were determined by laser particle size analyzer. Liposomes and microbubbles were combined by two-step glutaraldehyde crosslinking. The impact of liposome concentration and DSPE-PEG (2000)Amine concentration on the construction efficiency of the complex of SonoVue conjugated to liposomes was determined by flow cytometer and multifunctional ELIASA respectively. Results The configuration of SonoVue microbubbles labeled by DiI and DSPE-PEG-FITC showed fine. The combination between liposomes and microbubbles was realized by glutaraldehyde crosslinking. The flow cytometer showed that 200 μl liposomes solution per 200 μl microbubbles suspension was the optimal proportion, with the peak positive rate as (87.80 ± 5.91)%. Multifunctional ELIASA showed that 150 μl DSPE-PEG (2000)Amine (100 μm) solution per 200 μl microbubbles suspension was the optimal proportion, with the peak carry efficiency as (83.41±2.21)%. Conclusions The amination of commercially available SonoVue is realized by the insertion of DSPE-PEG (2000) Amine molecule. Glutaraldehyde crosslinking the liposomes and microbubbles is feasible. Moreover, we can choose other active groups to modify the microbubbles and liposomes, construct more convenient methods with higher efficiency.

Objective To evaluate the safety of percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA ) in hepatic malignant tumors under the guidance of ultrasonography .Methods The clinical data and the follow‐up radiographic images of the patients with hepatic malignant tumors treated by percutaneous RFA between January 2012 and February 2014 were retrospectively reviewed ,and the major or minor complications of RFA were both calculated .Results 1 568 lesions were ablated by 1 080 percutaneous RFA procedures in 900 patients with hepatic malignant tumors under the guidance of the sonography .The average size of the tumors was (2 6.± 1 2.)cm .The total complications rate of 1 080 RFA procedures was 5 9.3% (64/1 080) , which including intra‐abdominal bleeding 2 7.8% (30/1 080) ,hepatic abscess 0 7.4% (8/1 080) ,biliary tract damage 0 6.4% (7/1 080 ) ,vascular damage 0 5.6% (6/1 080 ) ,tract seeding 0 4.6% (5/1 080 ) ,pleural hemorrhage 0 3.7% (4/1 080) ,gastrointestinal damage 0 1.8% (2/1 080) ,hepatic encephalopathy 0 0.9% (1/1 080) ,and death 0 0.9% (1/1 080) .While major complications was 1 9.4% (21/1 080) vs minor 3 9.8% (43/1 080) .Sixty three patients with complications recovered after treatments including blood transfusion , ablation ,surgery ,interventional drainage procedure and liver transplantation ,only one patient died for irreversible liver failure .Conclusions RFA for hepatic malignant tumors under the guidance of sonography is a safe method with lower complications rate ,however ,the potential major complications and the indications of RFA liver malignant tumors should be carefully focused on .

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of contrast enhanced ultrasonogrphy(CEUS) and quantitative analysis in differentiating between thyroid solid malignant masses and solid benign masses.Methods 40 patients with thyroid solid mass were enrolled into this prospective study between March 2012 and June 2012.A total of 45 thyroid solid masses were evaluated by CEUS,and the final pathology diagnosis was confirmed by core biopsy or thyroidectomy.The diagnostic yield of enhancement patterns and quantitative parameters were assessed for differentiating between the solid malignant and benign masses.Results Enhancement patterns were classified into five types (nonenhancement,early hypo enhancement,hypo enhancement,isoenhancement,hyperenhancement).Two malignant masses had nonenhancement pattern,and 6 malignant masses had early hypoenhancement pattern,and 14 malignant and 4 benign masses had the hypo enhancement pattern,and 5 malignant and 7 benign masses had the isoenhancement pattern,and 1 malignant and 6 benign masses had the hyperenhancement pattern.There was a significant difference between malignant and benign enhancement patterns of thyroid solid masses (x2 =12.184,P =0.016).Nonenhancement,early hypoenhancement and whole phase hypoenhancement pattern predict thyroid solid malignant masses with sensitivity of 78.5 ％ and specificity of 76.5 ％.Among seven quantitative parameters used to predict thyroid malignant mass,the relative maximum intensity (IMAX％) of lesions had highest value in differentiating between the malignant and benign masses with sensitivity of 80.8 ％ and specificity of 82.6％,and area under receiver operating curve (AUC) of the IMAX％ was 0.878.RT (rising time),TTP (time to peak intensity),mTT (mean transit time) had almost non differentiation value with AUC of 0.619,0.601,0.656 separately.And mTT-Ratio (mTT of lesion/mTT of parametric area),RT-Ratio (RT of lesion/RT of parametric area),TTP-Ratio (TTP of lesion/TTP of parametric area) had less differential diagnostic value with AUC of 0.749,0.744,0.704 comparing with IMAX％.Conclusions Nonenhancement and early or whole phase hypoenhancement could be characteristic enhancement pattern of malignant thyroid solid masses,and IMAX％ had good diagnostic value in differentiating between malignant and benign masses among the quantitative parameters.

Objective To evaluate the short-term efficiency and risk factors for effects after percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for hepatic malignant tumors under the guidance of sonography.Methods The clinical data and the follow-up radiographic images of the patients with hepatic malignant tumors treated by percutaneous RFA were reviewed between June 2011 and May 2012,and the short-term incomplete ablation rate,recurrance rate and tumor progression rate were calculated,and the factors affecting the incomplete ablation rate,recurrence rate and progression rate were analyzed.Results 610 lesions were ablated in the total of 462 RFA procedures for 405 patients under the guidance of sonography with percutaneous method.The average size of the tumor was (2.5 ± 1.1)cm.During at least 3-month follow-up,complete and incomplete ablation rate was 89.2％ (544/610) and 10.8％ (66/610)separately,and recurrance rate and progression rate of tumor was 17.5％ (81/462) and 23.8％ (110/462).The numbers (≥3) and the size (≥3 cm) and the location (close to vessels) of the lesions reduced the complete ablation rate.The numbers (≥3) of lesions affected the recurrence rate and progression rate of lesions as only risk factor.Recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and metstasis from gastrointestine or non-gastrointestine had higher recurrence rate and progression rate comparing with primary HCC.Conclusions RFA can effectively control local progression of hepatic maglinant tumors,and the tumor's size,number and location close to velssels could effect complete ablation rate,the number of tumors could effect the recurrence and porgression rate.Recurrent HCC and metstasis from gastrointestine or nongastrointestine had higher recurrence and progression rate comparing with primary HCC.

Objective To summarize the manifestation of autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) on ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS).MethodsThe 2D ultrasound and CEUS images of 16 patients With AIP were retrospectively analyzed.Results On 2D ultrasound,AIP presented as diffusely(15 cases) or focally (1 case)swelling with low echo.13 cases revealed dilatation of the biliary tract.The choledochal wall showed thickening with a sandwich-pattern in 9 cases,which was also shown in 3 intrahepatic bile ducts and 3 gall bladders.On CEUS,6 AlP of diffuse form enhanced simultaneously and homogeneously.1 AIP with enlarged pancreatic head enhanced simultaneously,the enhanced degree in pancreatic head was higher than that of the surrounding pancreatic tissue in the vascular phase and equal to that in the parenchymatous perfusion phase.1 AIP of focal form enhanced slightly late compared with normal pancreatic tissue and the enhanced degree was lower in the vascular phase,while in parenchymatous perfusion phase.the pancreatic tissue enhanced homogeneously.ConclusionsThe manifestation of AIP on ultrasound and CEUS had some features which were helpful in diagnosis of AIP.

Objective To evaluate the safety, feasibility and clinical value of real-time navigation system with CT/MR and sonographic images for percutaneous ablation of hepatic malignancies poorly defined on conventional ultrasonography. Methods Fifteen patients with 22 hepatic malignant lesions underwent percutaneous ablation guided by virtual navigation system with ultrasonography. Treatment response was assessed by the contrast CT/MR followed up one month after procedures. Results Complete tumor necrosis was achieved in 20 lesions, but 2 lesions showed residual tumor in the ablation zone. No treatment associated complications were found. Conclusions The application of virtual navigation system is of clinical value in localization of lesions, guidance of biopsy and assessment of the interventional therapy in patient with hepatic malignancies, particularly for those with poorly identified lesions by conventional ultrasonography.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility and therapeutic efficacy of real-time virtual navigation system (RVS) combined with contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) for hepatocellular carcinoma undetectable by conventional ultrasound and CEUS.Methods A total of 213 patients with 265 lesions (undetectable on conventional ultrasound but detectable by other imaging examinations) were enrolled in this study.CEUS was performed,and lesions which were detected with CEUS were given CEUS guided radio-frequency ablation (RFA) (CEUS group).RVS combined with CEUS was performed to locate the rest lesions and guide RFA (RVS + CEUS group).Diagnostic value and therapeutic efficacy of RVS + CEUS were assessed.Results In 256 lesions,174 (65.7％) could be detected with CEUS,and among the rest 91 lesions,82 (90.1％) lesions could be detected by RVS combined with CEUS.The technique effectiveness rate of RVS + CEUS was significantly higher than that of CEUS (x2 =18.85,P ＜0.0001).Complete ablation rate after one month in RVS+ CEUS group was 9t.5％ (75/82),which was significantly higher than that in CEUS group [86.2％ (150/174),P ＜0.05].Local progression in one year in CEUS group and RVS + CEUS group were 13.4％ and 10.9％,respectively.Conclusions RVS combined with CEUS is feasible for hepatocellular carcinoma undetectable by conventional ultrasonography and CEUS,and the therapeutic efficacy of RVS + CEUS guided RFA is satisfactory.

Objective To investigate if there are differences in hematological indexes between BALB/c mutant curly mice and normal BALB/c mice.Methods 6 week old BALB/c mutant curly and normal BALB/c mice of each 20 ( male and female) were selected, and 8 blood routine indexes and 15 serum electrolytes and biochemical indexes were detected using automatic blood cell analyzer and automatic biochemical detection, and the results of two groups were compared.Results The sex and group results of WBC,MCV,PLT and MCHC between BALB/c mutant curly mice and normal mice have significant differences ( P <0.05, P<0.01 );the sex and group results of Na+、K+and Cl-between BALB/c mutant curly mice and normal mice have significant differences( P<0.05,P<0.01);the sex and group results of ALT、GLU and TG between BALB/c mutant curly mice and normal mice have significant differences(P<0.05,P<0.01). Conclusion Some hematological indexes between BALB/c mutant curly and normal BALB/c mice are different clearly, and these results will provide the theoretical references for researching and using mutant curly mice model.

Objective To study the effects of decoy strategy targeted to NF-?B on IL-6 in rat's liver after traumatic inflammatin. Methods Ninty six Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group,traumatic inflammation group, decoy ODN group, and mutant decoy ODN group. Rats were killed on 3 , 6, 12, 24, 48 , and 72 h respectively, for the determination of plasma ALT. Hepatocytes were isolated and nuclear protein was extracted, DNA binding activity of NF-?B was measured by EMSA. Decoy ODN's competition inhibition effect was assayed by EMSA. IL-6 gene expression in liver tissue was assessed by RT-PCR and IL-6 protein level was determined by ELISA. Results After traumatic inflammation, DNA binding activity of NF-?B in the liver increased. IL-6 mRNA and protein level also significantly increased and was in positive correlation with the activity of NF-?B. Decoy ODN effectively inhibited the activity of NF-?B ex vivo. After using decoy ODN, IL-6 mRNA and protein levels of liver tissue significantly decreased, plasma ALT levels were also significantly decreased. Conclusions Decoy strategy targeted to NF-?B could effectively inhibit rat's liver IL-6 release by inhibiting specifically the activity of NF-?B.

Objective To establish a chemiluminecentdetection method ( CLIA ) of HCV IgG antibody for the detection of HCV infection and therefore lay a foundation for the research and development of testing kit.Methods Based upon the indirect ELISA method, the microwell plate was coated with HCV-NS3 and HCV-Core antigen expressed through gene engineering, and the anti-human IgG antibody was labeled with horse radish peroxidase.In this way, the chemiluminesent detection method of HCV IgG antibody was established.Meanwhile, the serum specimen of randomly selected 198 patients infected with HCV from No.302 Hospital of PLA and 222 blood donors, and the results were compared.Results The HCV-IgG antibody, a positive consistent rate of 99.0%( 196/198 ) , a negative consistent rate of 98.2%(218/222), and a total consistent rate of 98.6%(414/420) were found through testing 420 serum specimen with self-made agent and contrast agent.One HCV positive serum was repetitively tested with the self-made agent for 10 times, and a coefficient of variation ( CV) of less than 10% was found.Conclusion The chemiluminescent detection method of HCV IgG antibody is initially established, and the method, with an outstanding specificity and sensitivity, is applicable for screening blood donors, clinically detecting HCV infection as well as epidemiological survey.