With the increasing aging process, the number of elderly people with cognitive frailty is gradually increasing, which has a profound impact on the clinical outcomes of the elderly. Early identification and precise intervention of cognitive frailty can delay the occurrence of adverse outcomes. This paper reviews the development and research status of cognitive frailty risk prediction models for the elderly in the community, summarizes and compares the characteristics and basic situation of each prediction model, in order to provide references for improving the early identification and intervention of cognitive frailty among the elderly population in the community.

Objective To analyze the injury types and radiologic findings of the wounded in the major Wenchuan earthquake of May 12, 2008. Methods Radiologic results of 1013 victims admitted to MianYang Central Hospital from May 13, 2008 to May 19, 2008 were studied retrospectively, including X-ray of 854 cases (about 2900 local exam positions) and CT scan of 259 cases (about 300 local exam positions). Results 733 cases showed radiologic abnormalities, including 527 cases of single region injury (accounting for 52. 0%) and 206 cases of multi-region injury (accounting for 20. 3%), the overall positive rate was 72. 4%. The results were in the following order on the basis of the incidence, 288 cases of lower extremity injuries (28.4%), 151 cases of thoracic injuries(14. 9%), 136 cases of upper extremity injuries(13.4%), 133 cases of spine fracture(13.1%), 114 cases of pelvic fracture and dislocation(11.3%),88 cases of craniocerebral injuries (8. 7%), 25 cases of maxillofacial fracture (2. 5%) and 8 cases of abdominal tranma(0. 1%). Thoracic injuries included: rib fracture in 136 cases, pulmonary injury in 59 cases, and sternal fracture in 3 cases. Spinal fracture included: cervical vertebrae involved in 12 cases,thoracic vertebrae involved in 43 cases, lumbar vertebrae involved in 93 cases, and Sacrococcygeal vertebraeinvolved in 12 cases. Craniocerebral injuries included: skull fracture in 41 cases, endocranial abnormalities in 72 cases. Abdominal trauma included: intestinal obstruction in 4 cases, renal contusion in 3 cases and abdominal wall hematoma in 1 case. Conclusion Most parts of the body can be injured by earthquake.Bone fracture and dislocation of lower extremity are the most common manifestations.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of XELOX regimen combined with hepatic artery chemoembolization in the treatment of gastric cancer with liver metastasis.Methods 50 cases of gastric cancer with liver metastasis were randomly divided into two groups,the experimental group (25 cases) received chemotherapy regimen of XELOX first:Xeloda tablets 1 000 mg/m2,orally,twice a day,days1-14;Oxaliplatin 130 mg/m2,intravenous drip,day 1.Hepatic artery chemoembolization was performed one a week later,and a cycle consists of 4 weeks.The control group (25 cases) received chemotherapy regimen of XELOX,3 weeks as a cycle.All patients were evaluated for efficacy and toxicity every 2 cycles.Results In the experimental group,the overall response rate was 56％,the tumor control rate was 80％,the increase rate of Karnofsky was 60％,and 10 patients got chance of tumor resection.In the control group,the overall response rate was 32％,the tumor control rate was 52％,the increase rate of Karnofsky was 48％,and 6 patients got chance of operation.The overall response rate,tumor control rate,surgical treatment rate and the increase rate of Karnofsky in the experimental group were significantly different from those in the control group (P ＜0.05).The median total survival time was 12.5 months in the experimental group and 10.5 months in the control group (P ＜0.05).There was no significant difference in toxicity and side effects between the two groups.Conclusion XELOX regimen combined with hepatic artery chemoembolization is effective and safe in the treatment of gastric cancer with liver metastasis.

Objective To study the correlation between CD169 expression of monocytes and disease progression in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV )-infected patients .Methods Sixty HIV-infected patients and 30 healthy controls were recruited .According to the CD4 + T lymphocyte counts ,HIV-infected patients were divided into three groups including < 200 cells/μL ,200 — 350 cells/μL and > 350 cells/μL groups . The differences in monocytes counts ,the proportions of CD16 + and CD169 + monocytes were analyzed among the three groups and healthy controls .The correlations between proportion of CD169 + monocytes and CD4 + T lymphocyte counts ,viral load ,and proportion of CD16 + monocytes were analyzed .Results The monocyte counts in CD4 + T lymphocytes < 200 cells/μL group , (200 — 350 ) cells/μL group , >350 cells/μL group and healthy control group were (342 ± 99) ,(396 ± 145) ,(365 ± 80) ,and (404 ± 106)/μL ,respectively ,which were not significantly different (F= 2 .55 , P > 0 .05) .The proportions of CD16 + monocytes in the four groups were (19 .8 ± 8 .8)％ ,(14 .3 ± 2 .8)％ ,(9 .7 ± 2 .0)％ and (4 .0 ± 0 .8)％ ,respectively ,which were significantly different ( F = 30 .90 , P < 0 .05 ) . The proportions of CD169 + monocytes in the four groups were (72 .6 ± 11 .4)％ ,(59 .4 ± 14 .7)％ ,(33 .3 ± 14 .5)％ and (2 .6 ± 0 .8)％ ,respectively ,which were significantly different (F = 152 .40 , P< 0 .05) .The proportion of CD169 + monocytes was negatively correlated with CD4 + T lymphocyte counts (r = 0 .792 , P< 0 .05) , while positively correlated with both viral load (r= 0 .485 ,P< 0 .05) and proportion of CD16 + monocytes (r= 0 .395 , P< 0 .05) .Conclusions The CD169 expressions of monocytes in HIV-infected patients are significantly increased and correlated with both monocyte activation and disease progression .

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the teaching of Biopharmaceutical Engineering course was carried out online and completed with satisfactory outcomes. In order to improve the efficiency of online teaching, ensure the substantive equivalence between online and offline teaching and achieve effective teaching, this article summarized the exploration and practical experience of online teaching, taking the Biopharmaceutical Engineering course as an example. This includes analysis of learner characteristics, selection of online teaching platform, development of teaching resources, optimization of teaching contents, BOPPPS teaching method-based design of teaching structure, and reflection of effective teaching. This paper is expected to provide a useful reference for online teaching.
Humans ; Biological Products ; Pandemics ; COVID-19

Objective Based on the multi-camera digital image correlation (DIC) method, the dynamic deformation characteristics of human hand during grasping were studied. Methods A continuous four-camera DIC system was established to measure surface strain of the skin on the back of the hand during grasping process, and then through the connection between skin, joints, bones and muscles, the regular pattern of muscle deformation could be known indirectly. Results Four grasping postures (medium cylinder, lateral pinch, index finger extension, power sphere) were measured. It was found that the increases of strain magnitude were different at different positions on back surface of the hand under different grasping postures, and the maximum principal strains were between 0.1 and 0.3. The movement characteristics for each muscle group of the hand under different grasping postures were obtained through analysis. Conclusions This method has the characteristics of non-contact, full field, intuitive results, which provides a new way for in vivo measurement of dynamic deformation during grasping.

Two pediatric heart failure patients were treated with pulmonary artery banding(PAB)at Fuwai Hospital,from December 2021 to January 2022.In the first case,an 8-month-old patient presented with left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy(LVNC),left ventricular systolic dysfunction,ventricular septal defect,and atrial septal defect.The second case was a 4-month-old patient with LVNC,left ventricular systolic dysfunction,and coarctation of the aorta.After PAB,the left ventricular function and shape of both patients were significantly improved,without serious surgery-related complications.In these individual cases of pediatric heart failure,pulmonary artery banding exhibited a more satisfactory efficacy and safety compared to pharmacological treatment,especially for those with unsatisfactory medication results.Future clinical data are needed to promote the rational and broader application of this therapeutic option for indicated patients.

Objectives:This study aims to investigate optimal surgical management strategies for pediatric patients diagnosed with volume-overloaded mitral regurgitation. Methods:A comprehensive retrospective analysis was conducted on a cohort of 110 pediatric patients who underwent primary mitral valve repair for volume-overloaded mitral regurgitation at Fuwai Hospital between April 2020 and March 2022.The cohort,with an average age of(14.5±15.1)months and 38.2%males,was divided into standardized group for patients receiving 3-step standardized mitral valvuloplasty(n=69)and annuloplasty group for patients undergoing annuloplasty only(n=41).After propensity score matching,a total of 38 pairs of patients were included,comparing the primary endpoint(functional mitral failure and postoperative heart failure)between the two groups. Results:Over a median follow-up of 26.3(19.8,32.9)months,and with a median echocardiographic follow-up of 11.9(7.5,14.8)months,no death was recorded.Among the cases,one patient(0.8%)necessitated unplanned reoperation;and seven patients(6.4%)experienced a recurrence of moderate-severe mitral regurgitation as observed through echocardiography beyond 6 months post-surgery.Additionally,nine patients developed heart failure at one month post-discharge.Above events were similar between the two groups.Following propensity score matching,patients in the standardized group demonstrated significantly longer cardiopulmonary bypass and aortic cross-clamp times compared to the annuloplasty group(both P＜0.05),other outcomes were similar between the two groups.Subgroup analysis based on age indicated that infants(＜1 year old)in the standardized group exhibited a significantly lower incidence of major endpoint events compared to the annuloplasty group.Additionally,postoperative echocardiography in annuloplasty group indicated that Z score of left ventricular end diastolic diameter was still greater than 2 during the latest follow-up. Conclusions:Patients with volume-overloaded mitral regurgitation in the standardized group exhibited comparable perioperative recovery and postoperative outcomes as in the annuloplasty group.For pediatric patients suffering from volume-overloaded mitral regurgitation,particularly those under one year of age,the standardized surgical approach exhibited reduced rates of heart failure and major endpoint events,and this strategy is more suitable for this patient group.

Inhibitory GABAergic interneurons are fundamental elements of cortical circuits and play critical roles in shaping network activity. Dysfunction of interneurons can lead to various brain disorders, including epilepsy, schizophrenia, and anxiety. Based on the electrophysiological properties, cell morphology, and molecular identity, interneurons could be classified into various subgroups. In this study, we investigated the density and laminar distribution of different interneuron types and the co-expression of molecular markers in epileptic human cortex. We found that parvalbumin (PV) and somatostatin (SST) neurons were distributed in all cortical layers except layer I, while tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) were abundant in the deep layers and white matter. Cholecystokinin (CCK) neurons showed a high density in layers IV and VI. Neurons with these markers constituted ~7.2% (PV), 2.6% (SST), 0.5% (TH), 0.5% (NPY), and 4.4% (CCK) of the gray-matter neuron population. Double- and triple-labeling revealed that NPY neurons were also SST-immunoreactive (97.7%), and TH neurons were more likely to express SST (34.2%) than PV (14.6%). A subpopulation of CCK neurons (28.0%) also expressed PV, but none contained SST. Together, these results revealed the density and distribution patterns of different interneuron populations and the overlap between molecular markers in epileptic human cortex.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Brain Chemistry ; genetics ; physiology ; Cerebral Cortex ; metabolism ; pathology ; Child ; Cholecystokinin ; metabolism ; Epilepsy ; etiology ; pathology ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation ; physiology ; Humans ; Interneurons ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neuropeptide Y ; metabolism ; Parvalbumins ; metabolism ; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase ; metabolism ; Somatostatin ; metabolism ; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase ; metabolism ; Young Adult