Tracheal intubation is an important part in clinical teaching of anesthesiology,it is also the basic skill that each anesthesiologist must master.The distinctive feature of visual technology is intuitive visual,meaning operation process and anatomical structure can be seen directly and clearly.Our department tried to teach tracheal intubation with visual technology.Teachers firstly demonstrated standard incubation with video laryngoscope and explained the related basic theoretical knowledge.Then students practiced the intubation in models until becoming skilled,finally students can practice in real patients.The teaching effect of the modified method was better compared with that of traditional method.

Objective: To investigate the role of surfactant associated protein-A (SP-A) in the development and progression of silicosis, and its mechanism. Methods: Homozygous and heterozygous mice of SP-A knockout of specific pathogen free (SPF) grade were selected for mating, and mice with SP-A^-/- genotype were selected for subsequent experiments. SP-A wild-type (SP-A^+/+) and SP-A^-/- mice were divided into SP-A^+/+ control group, SP-A^-/- control group, SP-A^+/+ silicosis group and SP-A^-/- silicosis group with six mice in each group by random number table method. Mice in both silicosis groups were given 20.0 μL 250 g/L silica suspension by tracheal exposure, and mice in both control groups were injected with 0.9% sodium chloride solution at the same volume. On the 28th day after modeling, mice were sacrificed. Lung tissues were used for lung histopathology examination. The apoptosis of alveolar type Ⅱ epithelial cells of mice was detected by TUNEL method. The mRNA expression of B-lymphoblastoma 2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax), cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase (Caspase)-3 and Caspase-9 in lung tissues of mice was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: The histopathological result of mice showed that thickened alveolar septum, scattered silicon nodule and collagen fiber formation were observed in the mice lungs of SP-A^+/+ silicosis group, and a large number of inflammatory cells were observed in silicosis nodule, after exposure to silica dust. SP-A^-/- silicosis group resulted in a more severe pulmonary inflammation and interstitial fibrosis compared to SP-A^+/+ silicosis group. The apoptosis of alveolar type Ⅱ epithelial cells and the mRNA relative expression levels of Bax, Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 in lung tissues of mice in each silicosis groups were increased compared with their control groups (all P<0.05). The above four indexes of mice in SP-A^-/- silicosis group were higher than those in SP-A^+/+ silicosis group (all P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the expression of Bcl-2 mRNA in lung tissues of these four groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: Knockout of SP-A can aggravate inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis in silicosis model mice, and promote apoptosis of alveolar type Ⅱ epithelial cells. The mechanism may be related to the Bcl-2/Bax/Caspase-3 signaling pathway which affects the apoptosis of mitochondrial pathway.

Objective:To explore the changing characteristics of self-efficacy, social support, psychological stress in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs) receiving conservative treatment at different treatment stages and their correlations with the recovery of lower back function.Methods:A total of 116 patients with acute OVCFs who were admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University were selected from January 2017 to May 2019. Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) Questionnaire, General Self Efficacy Scale (GSES) , Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS) and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) were used to assess the lower back function, self-efficacy, social support and psychological stress of OVCFs patients. Questionnaires were filled out during outpatient reexamination or in-home follow-up, and the evaluation time was at the time of treatment and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after conservative treatment. Analysis of variance and SNK- q test were used to explore the characteristics of each score over time, and linear regression analysis was used to explore the effects of GSES, PSSS, and PSS on ODI. Results:With the prolongation of treatment time, ODI, GSES, PSSS and PSS scores of OVCFS patients under conservative treatment showed a downward trend, and the scores at 3, 6 and 12 months after treatment were lower than those at 1 month after conservative treatment ( P<0.05) . The scores at 6 and 12 months after conservative treatment were lower than those at 3 months after conservative treatment ( P<0.05) . The scores at 12 months after conservative treatment were lower than that those at 6 months after conservative treatment ( P<0.05) . GSES, PSSS (total score, in-family support, out-of-family support) and PSS were independent influencing factors of ODI at one month after treatment ( P<0.05) . GSES, PSSS (total score, in-family support) and PSS were the influencing factors of ODI at 3 months after treatment ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:The self-efficacy and social support of conservatively treated patients with OVCFs are positively correlated with their lower back function, while psychological stress will reduce lower back function of such patients. It is suggested to add these non-physical factors to the rehabilitation nursing model and take appropriate intervention measures.

There are various contents about diagnosis and treatment of low back pain in(), which are closely related to meridians and collaterals, forming a complete theoretical system of meridian differentiation for low back pain. Its theory and application are interpreted in this paper from five main aspects, including 18 meridians and collaterals densely distributing in the tendons and bones of the waist, the pathogenesis of low back pain lying in the disorders of the meridianand blood, the nature of low back pain being reflected by the color and shape of meridians and collaterals, the disordered meridians of low back pain being first identified based on syndrome differentiation, the acupuncture prescription being selected according to meridian differentiation. The purpose of this paper is to guide clinical practice, explore the advantages and characteristics of meridian differentiation, and provide theoretical reference and evidence for promoting the standardization of TCM.