Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a new method for the precise treatment of cancers.By this method, cancer cells can be selectively killed by α particles and recoiling 7Li nuclei generated by the nuclear fission reaction occurring when the 10B isotope atoms in cancer cells capture thermal neutrons.The key to a successful BNCT is to deliver sufficient 10B into the cancer cells.The purpose of this review is to introduce the principles of BNCT and review recent progress in the development of neutron sources and boron delivery agents, as well as the result of BNCT clinical trials.

Objective To study the expression of human papillomavirus ( HPV) and ATM protein in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), and discuss the correlation among the expression and its prognosis Method The expression of HPV16/18 mRNA was detected by PCR , and the expression of ATM proteins by immunohistochemical method in 63 LSCC specimens and 30 specimens of normal tissue adjacent to cancer. Results The positive expression rates of HPV16 /18 and ATM protein in LSCC group were 39.7% (25 /63) and 41. 3% (26 /63) respectively and those of HPV16 /18 and ATM protein in normal group were 9.5% ( 6/63 ) and 83.3% (25 /30) respectively. There was no correlation between the expression of ATM and HPV16/18 in LSCC. The accumulative 5-year survival rates of HPV16/18 positive group and HPV16/18 negative group in 63 patients were 69.8% and 52.6% respectively ,and there was no significant difference (P> 0.05. The accumulative 5-year survival rates of ATM positive group and ATM negative group in 63 patients were 65.4%and 45.9% respectively and there was no significant difference (P>0.05. Conclusion Both HPV16/18 and ATM are abnormally expressed in LSCC , but there is no correlation between the expression of HPV16/18 and ATM and the expression and its prognosis.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of transient elastography in adult after liver transplantation,by means of evaluating the correlation of liver stiffness measured by FibroScan with liver/renal functions.Method Forty-three patients received orthotopic liver transplant in our hospital during Dec.10,2013 and Mar.19,2014 were included in this study.Liver stiffness measurement (LSM) was performed after transplantation.Clinical data and laboratory tests including liver function and renal function were collected and analyzed.Result Bivariate correlation showed that body mass index (BMI),MELD score,graft-to-recipient weight ratio (GRWR) and warm ischemia time had no correlation with LSM.LSM at the 1st day after transplantation (LSM-1) showed no correlation with cold ischemia time,but LSM at the 7th day after transplantation (LSM-7) did,with R =0.335,P =0.028.LSM-1 showed positive correlation with the ICU time (R =0.488,P =0.001),but LSM-7 didn't.There was significantly positive correlation between LSM and aspartate aminotransferase,bile acid and creatinine,but no significant correlations were found between LSM and alanine arninotransferase,alkaline phosphatase,cholinesterase,gamma-glutamyl transferase,total bilirubin,direct bilirubin,indirect bilirubin,urea nitrogen and uric acid.The group with higher LSM-1 had longer ICU time than the lower group (9 d vs,7 d,P =0.013),and so was the hospital stay (34 d vs.23 d,P =0.023).For the LSM-7,there was no significant difference in ICU time and hospital stay between the two groups.The group with higher LSM-1 had higher serious complication incidence than the lower group (78.57％ vs.27.59％,P =0.002),but the two groups in LSM-7 showed no significant difference in serious complication incidence.Conclusion The LSM partially correlates with the liver function and renal function of liver transplantation recipient,and may have its clinical value for assessing the early prognosis after liver transplantation.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is distinct among members of the Herpesviridae family for having the largest dsDNA genome (230 kb). Packaging of large dsDNA genome is known to give rise to a highly pressurized viral capsid, but molecular interactions conducive to the formation of CMV capsid resistant to pressurization have not been described. Here, we report a cryo electron microscopy (cryoEM) structure of the murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) capsid at a 9.1 Å resolution and describe the molecular interactions among the ∼3000 protein molecules in the MCMV capsid at the secondary structure level. Secondary structural elements are resolved to provide landmarks for correlating with results from sequence-based prediction and for structure-based homology modeling. The major capsid protein (MCP) upper domain (MCPud) contains α-helices and β-sheets conserved with those in MCPud of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), with the largest differences identified as a "saddle loop" region, located at the tip of MCPud and involved in interaction with the smallest capsid protein (SCP). Interactions among the bacteriophage HK97-like floor domain of MCP, the middle domain of MCP, the hook and clamp domains of the triplex proteins (hoop and clamp domains of TRI-1 and clamp domain of TRI-2) contribute to the formation of a mature capsid. These results offer a framework for understanding how cytomegalovirus uses various secondary structural elements of its capsid proteins to build a robust capsid for packaging its large dsDNA genome inside and for attaching unique functional tegument proteins outside.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Capsid Proteins ; chemistry ; metabolism ; ultrastructure ; Cryoelectron Microscopy ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Muromegalovirus ; chemistry ; ultrastructure ; Protein Binding ; Protein Multimerization ; Protein Structure, Quaternary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary

OBJECTIVE To explore the intestinal absorption characteristics of saikosaponins. METHODS Based on everted intestinal sac model， using accumulative absorption amount （Q） and absorption rate constant （Ka） as indexes， UHPLC-MS/MS technique as a method， the absorption of saikosaponin A， B2， C， D and F from total saponins of Bupleurum chinense （8 g/mL， by crude drug） in the duodenum， jejunum and ileum was detected. RESULTS The correlation coefficients （r） of the regression equations for the absorption of saikosaponins A， B2， C and F in the duodenum， jejunum and ileum were all higher than 0.95， while the r of saikosaponin D in the above intestinal segments was lower than 0.95； compared with the absorption of the same composition in the duodenum， the Q and Ka of saikosaponin A and C circulating in jejunum and ileum for 120 min， as well as the Q and Ka of saikosaponin F circulating in the ileum for 120 min were significantly decreased （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Saikosaponin A and the other 4 saikosaponins are all absorbed in the duodenum， jejunum and ileum； among them， saikosaponin A， B2， C and F are linearly absorbed， which conforms to the zero-order absorption characteristics， but saikosaponin D shows non- linear absorption.

Animals ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/biosynthesis* ; Antibodies, Viral/biosynthesis* ; Body Weight/immunology* ; COVID-19/virology* ; Disease Models, Animal ; Disease Progression ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lung/virology* ; Male ; Mesocricetus ; Nasal Cavity/virology* ; RNA, Viral/immunology* ; SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity* ; Severity of Illness Index ; Viral Load