Pneumonia is one of the common complications after stroke.Stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP) may significantly prolong hospital stay,increase medical costs and mortality.It is a risk factor for affecting stroke outcome.Currently,both European and American guidelines for stroke care are lack of the recommendations of standardized treatment measures for SAP.This article reviews the advances in research on the pathophysiological mechanisms and prevention and treatment of SAP.

Objective To establish the quality standard of Xiaoer Runtu granule.Methods Xiangfu,Baizhu,Sharen and Chenpi were identified by TLC.The content of paeoniflorin was determined by HPLC.Results TLC could identify Xiangfu,Baizhu,Sharen and Chenpi.The peoniflorin showed good linear correlation at the range of 1.176～11.760 ?g,r=0.999 99,the average recovery of paeoniflorin was 99.42%,RSD=2.26%.Conclusion The method is simple and can be used to control the quality of Xiaoer Runtu granule with high accuracy and good reproducibility.

AIM: To establish an analytical method of determining ginsenoside in Yixin Capsule by HPLC. METHODS: Ginsenoside Rg_1 and ginsenoside Re in the capsule were separated by HPLC on C_(18) column(250 mm?4.6 mm) with a CH_3CN-0.05 mol/LH_3PO_4(22∶78) as a mobile phase and detected at 203 nm.The flow rate was 1.0 mL?min~(-1). RESULTS: There was a good linear relationship in a range of 1.066-6.396 ?g for ginsenoside Rg_1 and 0.904-5.424 ?g for ginsenoside Re.The average recoveries were 97.1% and 97.3% respectively. CONCLUSION: The method is accurate,rapid and simple for quantitative analysis of Panax Ginseng in Yixin Capsule.

Objective To evaluate the long-term results of rapamycin eluting stent in patients with coronary heart disease.Methods From Dec. 2001 to Nov. 2002, 143 patients were treated with 173 rapamycin eluting stents. Sixteen stents were implanted directly, the others were implanted with pre-dilation. Post-dilations were performed in 52 stents. All patients were administered aspirin and clopidogrel regularly before and after the procedures. Results Procedural succees rate reached 99.3% with completion of the follow-up in 138 patientes averaging (12.8 ?4.3) months. Thirteen patients has suffered with recurrent angina and 1 had acute myocardial infarction. Thirty eight patients received repetition of coronary angiography within 6 to 12 months after the procedure. Five patients showed instent restenosis, of which 4 received target lesion revascularization. The restenosis rate was 13.2% by angiography.Conclusion Rapamycin eluting stent can be used safely and effectively in patient with coronary heart disease, having long-term effect to reduce the restenosis rate after PCI.

Objective To investigate the surgical treatment and early intravitreal injection of antibiotics to the curative effects of vitrectomy for exogenous endophthalmitis. Design Retrospective case-controlled study. Participants From Jan 2000 to Dec 2004, 94 patients(94 eyes), diagnosed as endophthalmitis were evaluated retrospectively. Methods All patients underwent pars plana vitrectomy. 46 patients (46 eyes) underwent the intravitreal injection of antibiotics early before undergoing vitrectomy from 3 to 14 days (mean 5.6 days) (group Ⅰ). The other 48 patients (48 eyes) underwent vitrectomy directly (group Ⅱ). Postoperative follow-up ranged from 3 to 12 months (mean 7.5 months). Main Outcome Measures Visual acuity. Results The visual acuities of these 94 patients improved significantly after vitrectomy (P=0.000). The rate of curative effects in group Ⅰ was significantly higher than that of the group Ⅱ (P=0.029). According to the further analysis, the rates of curative effects of the patients underwent vitrectomy in 7 days were similar between group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ(P=0.692), but the rates of curative effects of the patients underwent vitrectomy after 7 days were obviously different between two groups (P=0.008). Conclusions Undergoing vitrectomy as early as possible is a good available method for the treatment of exogenous endophthalmitis. If the vitrectomy can not be undergone early, intravitreal injection of antibiotics in time before vitrectomy may increase the therapeutic effect of exogenous endophthalmitis obviously.

Objective To develop a HPLC-DAD method for the simultaneous determination of 20 synthetic pigments in dyed Traditional Chinese Medicine. Methods The samples were extracted with ultrasonic by 70% methanol, separated on a Agilent TC-C18 column ( 4. 6 mmí250 mm, 5 μm ) by gradient elution using a mobile phase made up of methanol and 0. 02 mol·L-1 ammonium acetate, and detected at 210-650 nm. The retention times and ultraviolet absorption spectrums were used to text and verify. Results The twenty red and orange synthetic pigments were separated and detected. OrangeIIsodium salt and 808 scarlet were detected in some batch of Croci stigma and Cinnabaris. Conclusion The method is simple, rapid, accurate, repeatable for determining twenty synthetic pigments in dyed Traditional Chinese Medicine.

Objective To investigate the role of nitric oxide(NO)in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases by detecting and analyzing NO level in gingival tissue in experimental animal model of periodontitis.Methods Experimental animal model of periodontitis in rats was built.Then NO2-and NO3-concentrations,which reflect NO level indirectly,were measured by NO kit in gingival tissue of rat with experimental periodontitis.Results The significant differences of NO level in gingival tissue were found among normal group,gingivitis group and periodontitis group(P

Objective To investigate the effects of EMP exposure to male BABL/c mice on the reproduction and its sex ratio.Methods Thirty-three male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into sham-exposed group,10 000 pulses/d exposed group,and 100 000 pulses/d exposed group with 50 Hz static magnetic field of 35 kV/m for 2 weeks consecutively,then the male mice were mated with unexposed females (1 male vs.2 female).Mated males were sacrificed to examine the exposure effects on sperm number and testis index after 7 days of mating.The sex ratio of embryos collected from unexposed mated females was investigated by PCR.Results The sex ratio of offspring was 0.298 (14/47) in the 10 000 pulses/d exposed group,significantly lower than 0.871 (27/31) in the sham-exposed group.No statistical changes were observed in the sex ratio of offspring,sperm number,the weights of testis and testis index after 100 000 pulses/d exposure.Conclusions The exposure of male mice to 35 kV/m EMP at 10 000 pulses/d for 2 weeks consecutively may change the sex ratio of mice's offspring.

Objective:To evaluate the role of ErbB2-interacting protein (Erbin) in muramyl dipeptide (MDP)-induced inflammatory responses in the macrophages of mice.Methods:Erbin gene knockout RAW264.7 cell line (Erbin -/ -RAW264.7) was constructed by CRISPR/CAS9 gene-editing technology.RAW264.7 cells were cultured in vitro.Each type of cells was divided into 2 groups ( n=16 each)by a random number table method: RAW264.7 group, RAW264.7 plus MDP group, erbin -/ -RAW264.7 group, and erbin -/ -RAW264.7 plus MDP group.In each MDP group, cells were incubated with 10 μg/ml MDP for 6 h, then immunofluorescence was used to determine the expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65, and the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α)and interleukin-6(IL-6)in the culture medium were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results:Compared with RAW264.7 group, the concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6 in the culture medium were significantly increased( P<0.05), NF-κB p65 moved to the nucleus, and the red fluorescence area was increased in RAW264.7+ MDP group.Compared with RAW264.7+ MDP group and Erbin -/- RAW264.7 group, the concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6 in the culture medium were significantly increased ( P<0.05), NF-κB p65 moved more markedly to the nucleus, and the red fluorescence area was increased in Erbin -/-RAW264.7+ MDP group. Conclusion:Erbin inhibits MDP-induced inflammatory responses in macrophages through inhibiting the activity of NF-κB p65 in mice.

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of human brucellosis (referred to as brucellosis) from 2011 to 2018 in Yantai City, and to provide scientific basis for formulating and adjusting brucellosis prevention and control strategies.Methods:Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the monitoring data and epidemiological survey data (time, area, population distribution and treatment behavior) of brucellosis in Yantai from 2011 to 2018.Results:From 2011 to 2018, 795 cases of brucellosis were reported in Yantai, with an annual incidence of 1.42/100 000 and no deaths. Most of the cases were sporadic, accounting for 92.20% (733/795). The incidence peak was from March to August, accounting for 67.80% (539/795). In addition to Changdao County, cases of brucellosis had been reported in 12 counties (cities, districts). The incidence rate of the top three counties (cities, districts) were 5.20/100 000 (369 cases, accounting for 46.42%) in Laizhou City, 2.13/100 000 (97 cases, accounting for 12.20%) in Zhaoyuan City, and 1.77/100 000 (62 cases, accounting for 7.80%) in Penglai City. The male and female sex ratio was 2.82 to 1.00 (587 to 208). The age of onset was mainly 40 - 69 years old, accounting for 79.62% (633/795). Occupation was mainly farmers, accounting for 83.90% (667/795). Cases were mainly found in local medical institutions, accounting for 89.56% (712/795). The average interval between onset and diagnosis was 17 days, the longest was 40 days in 2012, and the shortest was 12 days in 2018.Conclusions:From 2011 to 2018, except Changdao County, 12 counties (cities and districts) in Yantai City had reported brucellosis cases. The incidence peak was in spring and summer, mainly in middle-aged and elderly people, so we should carry out targeted prevention and control strategies for different areas and key populations.