Objective To evaluate the clinical value and safety of hysteroscopy in diagnosis of abnormal uterine bleeding.Methods The clinical characters and histopathological data of 272 cases of abnormal uterine bleeding were retrospectively analyzed.They received hysteroscopy in our hospital from Jan.2010 to Jan.2015.Results Histopathological diagnosis showed 75 cases were with endometrial polyps,including 5 cases misdiagnosed as submucosal fibroids,and the correct diagnostic rate was 93.3％ (70/75).50 cases were with submucosal fibroids,and the diagnostic rate was 90.9％ (50/55).97 cases were endometrial hyperplasia,including 7 cases misdiagnosed as atypical hyperplasia or cancer by hysteroscopy,and the correct diagnostic rate was 92.8％ (90/97).19 cases were atypical hyperplasia or endometrial carcinoma,and the diagnostic rate was 73.1％(19/26).Atrophic endometrium were 23 cases.8 cases had intrauterine device remained.Conclusions Premenopausal women are more likely to present with endometrial hyperplasia,submucosal fibroids,endometrial polyps,while endometrial cancer and precancerous lesions are rare.But in postmenopausal women endometrial polyps,atrophic endometrium,cancer and precancerous lesions are mainly included.Hysteroscopic has a good diagnostic value in endometrial diseases which should be combined with histopathological examination.

This study was an attempt to excise or transplant optic vesicles, and excise or transplant presumptive lens ectoderms, by means of microscopic manipulations. Its purpose was to explore the dependence of the development of lens on the eye cup and the ability of induction of the eye cup to develop lens in liana nigromaculata, R. limnocharis, and Kaloula barealis, which are frequently used in experimental embryology in China. The results show that their lenses cannot develop without eye vesicles. This indicates that they belong to the pattern of dependent differentiation. The results also indicate that the situation of forming lenses from ectoderms under induction of eye cup is different in three kinds of frogs: the lenses can be frequently formed from ectoderm of both Lead and abdomen in Rana nigromaculata; but the frequency of lens formation from ectoderm of abdomen is rather low in R. limrocharis; and only the ectoderm of head is positive in Kaloula barealis. The interrelation in size between the eye cup and the lens was recorded. The formation of a secondary eye cup from brain wall under condition of the contact with the presumptive lens ectoderm was reported too. In addition, it was found that the temperature might have influence on eye differentiation.

The mesenchymal cells were carefully scraped off from the optic vesicles or eye cups at 15 to 24 stages in Rana limnocharis by a hair loop (those specimens from 21 to 24 stages were treated with trypsin in order to separate the mesenchymal cells easier) and then the optic vesicles or eye cups were transplanted into the coelom of tadpoles for 1 to 2 weeks. The transplantation of the eye cups Without scraping mesenchymal cells off at 21 to 24 stages were used as control. The results are as follows: 1.The pigment epithelium of eye, which was transplanted at 15 to 20 stages, (the pigment epithelium have not differentiated at those stages) can not fully develop or only a tiny piece of pigment epithelium layer occurs. 2.The pigment epithelium of eye, which was transplanted at 21 to 24 stages, (the pigment epithelium have differentiated at those stages) can develop, but separates itself from the normal position and hangs outside the eye or curls inside the cavity of eye in a vesicular form. 3.In the intact mesenchymal cells, the pigment epithelium of eye, which was transplanted at 21 to 24 stages, can develop well and remain in normal position. These results suggest that the mesenchymal cells might have an important effect on the development and morphology of eye pigment epithelium before and after its differentiation. Before differentiation of pigment epithelium, the existence of mesenchymal cells is a necessary condition for its normal differentiation; after its differentiation, the mesenchymal cells might play a mechanical role to keep the pigment epithelium layer in normal position.

It is well-known that the presumptive significance of every part of the optic vesicle has already been decided. The centrifugal part (i. e. the far end wall) of the optic vesicle is called presumptive retina and its centripetal part, (i. e. the near end wall) the presumptive pigment epithelium. In the present study, we caused the latter to come into contact with different tissues and organs by transplanting and excising for the purpose of observing whether it would be able to alter normal course and form retina. The experimental material was the embryos of frogs (Rana nigromaculara, R. japonica and Bufo bufo gargarizans). The experiment was divided into two groups: (1) brought presumptive pigment epithelium into contact with presumptive lens ectoderm, head ectoderm and abdomen ectoderm; (2) brought it into contact with other organs and tissues, including otic vesicle, pericardial membrane, nephridial tubule, pharyngeal wall, muscle, coelomic membrane, hepar, and cartilage.The results indicate that the contact with three kinds of ectoderm can alter normal course of development of presumptive pigment epithelium, transform it into retina and further produce secondary eye cup. As regard to its frequency of transformation into retina, the highest is in the case contacted with presumptive lens ectoderm; in the case contacted with head ectoderm come next and the lowest in the case contacted with abdomen ectoderm. The results also show that the above-mentioned organs and tissues can cause similar reactions, but the frequency of transformation is lower than that caused by abdomen ectoderm, and there are very few secondary eye cups which appear only under the conditions of contacting with otic vesicle, coelomic membrane and cartilage. This suggests that the action of the contact which brings presumptive pigment epithelium to transform into secondary retina might be an induction and material of induction widely distributed in the embryonic body.Two other reactions, moreover, were also found, i. e. the presumptive pigment epithelium was transformed into brain tissue and merged after the former came into contact with the latter, and the transplanted eye and the host eye fused in part or fully merged into a large eye when they came into contact.Above-mentioned phenomena further prove that the optic vesicle has a certain plasticity.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of endoscopic variceal ligation and somatostatin for esophageal varices bleeding.Methods Eighty patients with hepatic cirrhotic esophageal varices bleeding were allocated into two groups,forty in endoscopic variceal ligation(EVL)group and the others in somatostatin(stilamin)group.Results Initial hemostasis rates(including emergency hemostasis and no bleeding for 72 hours)and one-month rebleeding rates in EVL group and somatostatin group were 97.5% vs 80%(P0.05).The hepatic encephalopathy rates were 2.5% vs 15%(P0.05).Conclusion Endoscopic variceal ligation is superior to somatostatin for hepatic cirrhotic esophageal varices bleeding.EVL can lower the rate of hepatic encephalopathy.

Three types of microscopic operations were used in this study: 1. excision of the optic vesicle alone; 2. after excising the optic vesicle, a piece of forebrain tissue taken from another donor was inserted in between presumptive lens ectoderm and forebrain wall; 3. cut down the optic vesicle and portion of forebrain tissue and replaced them back in situ by turning over 180?. The operations were carried out on Rana nigromaculata at 15 and 16 stages, in order to bring the presumptive lens ectoderm to come into contact directly with the forebrain tissue for the purpose to analyse the possibility of eye cup formation from the brain wall. The results indicate that the forebrain wall which came into contact with the presumptive lens ectoderm could be induced and differentiated into a secondary eye cup or retina. A total of 81 cases of secondary eye cups among 282 operations (28.8%) were observed. The mechanism for the induction and its significance were discussed.

On the background of internationalization for higher education,we have reformed the educational model for bachelor students majoring in public health laboratory science and quarantine.The exploration and pilot study are focused on educational principles,curriculum planning,teaching patterns,experiments and practice,and teachem training.The four teaching strategies have been firstly recommended as follows:laying the strongest foundation of chemistry,expanding quarantine-related curricula for increasing quarantine capability,making full use of strength of clinical laboratory medicine,emphasizing English application.The curricula structure is refined and more social supporting resources have been got to make globalization to cultivate more health inspection and quarantine talents with multidisciplinary knowledge,abilities and strong adaptability.

Objective To study efficacy of L-ornithine-L-aspartate (Hepa-Merz) in treatment for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and its effect on lowering serum level of triglycerine MethodsTotally, 30 patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis diagnosed by liver function test, B ultrasound scanning and liver biopsy were treated by intravenous infusion of L ornithine L aspartate (Hepa Merz) 10 g daily for 21 days Activities of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and serum level of triglycerine (TG) were determined for all the cases before and after treatment Results Activities of serum ALT and AST and serum level of TG were restored to normal in 29 (96 7%) and in 28 (93 3%) of 30 patients, respectively, after treatment No serious adverse effects were found during treatment Conclusions L ornithine L aspartate (Hepa Merz) is a safe and effective drug in treatment for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and can lower serum level of triglycerine significantly

Objective:To study the time-course effect and postoperative residual curarization of rocuronium(ROC) in patients with obstructive jaundice.Methods: Forty patients(with normal renal function and without muscle or nerves diseases) receiving elective surgery under general anesthesia were divided into 2 groups: trial group(group Ⅰ) included 20 ASA(American Society of Anesthesiologists) Ⅲ patients with obstructive jaundice and control group(groupⅡ) included 20 ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱpatients without obstructive jaundice.All patients received total intravenous anesthesia with pentothal sodium,fentainyl and propofol.Neuromuscular blockade was evaluated with train-of-four(TOF) stimuli of the ulnsar nerve during operation.The 3?ED_(95)((0.9 mg/kg)) of ROC was given during anesthesia induction.As TOF rate(TOFR) reached 25%,1?ED_(95)(0.3 mg/kg)of ROC was added.Postoperation neuromuscular blockade was continuously evaluated until TOFR reached 90%.Tracheal extubation trigger was defined as that patient was able to open his/her eyes and to raise his/her arm or head for 5 s.The onset time,effect time of ROC,the time of TOFR from 0 to 70% and from 70% to 90%,and the TOFR at the time of tracheal extubation were observed.The blood gas analysis was done at the same time.Results: The effect duration in groupⅠwas longer than that in group Ⅱ(P

Objective To investigate the effects of estrogen ( E2) on the resistance to anoikis and a possible role of extracellular signal-regulated kinse ( ERK)-focal adhesion kinse ( FAK) signaling in the effect of estrogen to under-stand its underlying mechanism .Methods Poly-Hema-coated culture of human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 was used to induce anoikis .Cells were treated with E2 and/or pretreated with MEK or FAK inhibitors .Western blot was used to assess the phosphorylation of ERK and FAK , trypan blue staining and cell counting were employed to evaluate cell viability , and Hoechst staining was used to check apoptosis .Results Suspension culture greatly re-duced cell survival (P<0.01), and exposure of MCF-7 cells to E2 (10 nmol/L) led to a significantly increased resistance to anoikis and survival ( P<0.05 ) as compared to DMSO .Meanwhile , E2 induced increased phospho-rylation of both ERK and FAK .Pharmacological inhibition of MEK with U 0126 ( 10 μmol/L ) reduced E2-in-creased cell survival by 57.48%(P<0.01) and E2-decreased anoikis;Treatment with FAK inhibitor (10μmol/L) attenuated E2-enhanced cell survival by 53.59% ( P<0.01 ) and E2-reduced apoptosis .Conclusions E2 con-tributes to the enhanced cell viability and increased resistance to anoikis in MCF-7 breast cancer cells , and ERK-FAK signaling may be involved in the E 2-stimulated survival during suspension culture of MCF-7 cells.