Collagen is a kind of natural biomedical material and collagen based three-dimensional porous scaffolds have been widely used in skin tissue engineering. However, these scaffolds do not meet the requirements for artificial skin substitutes in terms of their poor mechanical properties, short supply, and rejection in the bodies. All of these factors limit their further application in skin tissue engineering. A variety of methods have been chosen to meliorate the situation, such as cross linking and blending other substance for improving mechanical properties. The highly biomimetic scaffolds either in structure or in function can be prepared through culturing cells and loading growth factors. To avoid the drawbacks of unsafety attributing to animals, investigators have fixed their eyes on the recombinant collagen. This paper reviews the the progress of research and application of collagen-based 3-dimensional porous scaffolds in skin tissue engineering.
Animals ; Biocompatible Materials ; Biomimetics ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Collagen ; chemistry ; Porosity ; Skin ; Skin, Artificial ; Tissue Engineering ; Tissue Scaffolds

Objective To evaluate the change of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBLs) Producing Klebsiella Pneumoniae (ESBLs-KPN) and Escherichia coli (ESBLs-ECO) causing nosocomial infection after antimicrobial intervention. Methods We regularly monitored the data on the yearly consumption [defined as daily dose (DDD) per 1 000 patient-days] of frequently used antibiotics from Dec. 2004 to Dec. 2007. From Jan. 2005 to Dec. 2007, we monitored the resistance of frequently used antibiotics and the timely integrative antimicrobial intervention was based on the outcome of antimicrobial resistance. We also monitored the isolation rate of ESBLs-KPN and ESBLs-ECO causing nosocomial infection. The departments studied were the experimental group and other comparable medical departments were the control group(ICU was excluded).Results The isolation rate of ESBLs-KPN ((43.90%)) and ESBLs-ECO (45.83%) in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group (28.04% and 24.90%, respectively) before the intervetion (P＜0.05). The isolation rate of ESBLs-KPN decreased (from 26.47% to 17.65%) in the experimental group and that in the control group increased ( ESBLs-KPN: from 34.18% to (52.94%;) ESBLs-ECO: from 47.13% to 63.78%) from 2005 to 2007 (P＜0.05). The isolation rate of ESBLs-KPN and ESBLs-ECO in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group after the antimicrobial intervention (P＜0.05). Usage of ceftazidime and cefoperazone/sulbactam and imipenem was reduced and the consumption of cefepime was increased in the experimental group ((P＜0.05)). Consumption of ceftazidime and cefoperazone/sulbactam and cefepime was increased. Conclusion The prevalence of ESBLs-KPN and ESBLs-ECO may be decreased after the integrative antimicrobial intervention.

To study the chemical constituents of the stems of Clematis parviloba, six compounds were isolated from a 95% ethanol extract by using a combination of various chromatographic techniques including column chromatography over silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20, and semi-preparative HPLC. Two new phenolic glycosides, 2-((E)-3-carboxybut-2-en-yl)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-phenyl-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1) and 4'-hydroxy-phenol-beta-D-[6-O-(4"-hydroxy-3", 5"-dimethoxy-benzoate)] glucopyranoside (2) were isolated, together with a known phenolic glycoside, 4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxy-phenol-beta-D-[6-O-(4"-hydroxy-3", 5"-dimethoxy-benzoate)] glucopyranoside (3) as well as three known megastigmane glycosides, linarionoside A (4), linarionoside C (5), and staphylionoside K (6). Their structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic analysis and chemical evidence. Among them, compounds 1 and 2 were named as clemaparvilosides A (1) and B (2), respectively, and compounds 3-6 were obtained from Clematis genus for the first time.

Objective To summarize the experiences in the diagnosis and treatment of delayed rupture of spleen.Methods The clinical data of 26 patients with traumatic delayed rupture of spleen who were admitted to the Dachang Hospital from January 2005 to December 2013 were analyzed retrospectively.The medical history,clinical presentation,results of laboratory examinations were analyzed,and the splenic trauma was graded.Surgical procedures were selected according to the condition,severity of the splenic trauma and time of injury.Patients were followed up via outpatient examination or telephone interview till June 2014.Results Twenty-six patients had the history of injury of the left hypochodriac region,and were accompanied by slight abdominal pain and a short period of pain alleviation,and then pain in all regions of the abdomen at postoperative hour 48.All thepatients had pale face,tenderness,rebound tenderness or tonus.The pulse above 100 per minute was observed in 20 patients,and 15 patients had blood pressure under 90/60 mmHg (1 mmHg =0.133 kPa).The level of hemoglobin under 5 g/L was observed in 3 patients,and 5-10 g/L in 21 patients.All the 26 patients received abdominal paracantesis,non-coagulating blood was extracted in 25 patients.Twenty-six patients received B ultrasonography,and 24 had splenic rupture.Nineteen patients received computed tomography (CT),and 19 had splenic rupture.Ten patients had type Ⅰ splenic rupture,12 had type Ⅱ splenic rupture,3 had type Ⅲ splenic rupture and 1 had type Ⅳ splenic rupture.All the 26 patients received operation,including 2 received suture of the ruptured spleen,2 received resection of the lower part of the spleen,9 received total splenic resection,and 13 received total splenic resection + autogeneous transplantation of greater omentum.Two patients died of hemorrhagic shock intraoperatively,and the other 24 patients were cured.The operation time and volume of hemoperitoneum were (90 ± 15)minutes and (1 500 ± 700) mL,respectively.Twenty-four patients received blood transfusion,with the volume of transfused blood of 1 200 mL.The mean duration of hospital stay was 16.7 days.Two patients had complications after the operation,which were left pleural effusion and splenic fossa effusion,and they were cured by symptomatic treatment.No infection or other complications were observed.All the 24 patients were followed up for 6-108 months (median,46 months).One patient died of myocardial infarction at postoperative year 5,and the other 23 patients survived.Conclusions B sonography and computed tomography are important methods for the treatment of delayed rupture of spleen.Traumatic delayed rupture of spleen should be considered when the patient had symptoms including history of injury of the left hypochondriac region,the course of abdominal pain,abdominal pain alleviation,abdominal pain recurrence,time for abdominal pain alleviation longer than 48 hours,interperitoneal hemorrhage and the signs of splenic rupture indicated by B ultrasonography and computed tomography.The indication of spleen-preservation surgery or splenectomy for patients with delayed rupture of spleen should be strictly controlled and optimal surgical procedure should be designed according to the condition of the patient.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relationships between antimicrobial usage and the isolated rate of ESBLs-KPN and ESBLs-ECO.METHODS We monitored the data on the yearly patient-days and the yearly consumption(defined daily dose(DDD) per 1000 patient days) frequent antibiotics and the isolated rate of ESBLs-KPN and ESBLs-ECO causing nosocomial infections from Jan 2004 to Dec 2007 was analyzed.RESULTS The yearly patient-days of our department significantly increased from 64 203 days in 2004 to 74 442 days in 2007(P

Objective To explore the radiosensitivity of berberine on esophageal cancer cells under hypoxia condition.Methods MTT assay and clonogenic survival assay were used to evaluate the effect of berberine on proliferation inhibition and radiosensitivity of esophageal cancer cells,respectively.Immunofluorescence was employed to examine the expression of HIF-1.The change of cell cycle distribution and cell apoptosis was assayed by flow cytometry.The expression of HIF-1 was measured by Western blot.DNA damage was detected by γ-H2AX Foci counting.Results With a clear dose and time effect,berberine inhibited cell proliferation and enhanced cell radiosensitivity(t =3.69,P＜0.05)with a sensitizing enhancement ratio(SER)of 1.42.Berberine caused a dose-dependent decrease in HIF-1 protein expression and also significantly increased the cell apoptosis in ECA-109 population(t=4.74,P＜0.05).Compared with the radiation alone group,berberine enhanced X-ray induced DNA double chain breaks(DSB).Conclusions Berberine can increase the radiosensitivity of esophageal cell line ECA-109,which may be associated with decrease of HIF-1 expression and induction of apoptosis in ECA-109 cells.

BACKGROUND: Research shows that genetic factors are an important component of the congenital dislocation of the hip(CDH) . However, no susceptibility genes have been identified by now. The homebox-containing (HOX) genes that regulate the embryogenesis and vertebrate limb development may play a role in the pathogenesis of CDH.OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether a correlation exists between CDH and the Hox genes.DESIGN: Controlled study associated with family.SETTING: Department of aevelopmental pediatrics, genetic laboratory, department of pediatric orthopaedics in an affiliated hospital of a university.PARTICIPANTS: All the 101 CDH patients and their parents (altogether 303 members) were the in-patients from the Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics of the Second Clinical College of China Medical University; from December 1999 to January 2001. All the patients presented typical clinical manifestations and were diagnosed by X rays and operations for confirmation.METHODS: Four microsatellite markers D7S1808, D17S1820, D12S1686 and Hox4EP were selected in the chromosome regions of7p14 - 15, 17q21, 12q13and 2q31 where Hox A, Hox B, Hox C and Hox D genes which regulate the embryonic limb development reside respectively. Genotypes of 303 members in 101CDH families were analyzed by the techniques of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Then transmission disequilibrium test(TDT) was performed to analyze the data of genotypes.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The genotypes of four microsatellite markers D7S1808, D17S1820, D12S1686 and Hox4EP in every CDH family including one child and parents; transmission disequilibrium test between transmission alleles and non-transmission alleles.RESULTS: Transmission disequilibrium was found between CDH and allele 7 of D7S1808(X2 = 6. 045, P = 0. 014) among a total of 10 alleles detected, between CDH and allele 4 of D17S1820(X2 =6. 025, P =0. 014) among a total of 12 alleles detected, between CDH and allele 4 of Hox4Ep (X2 = 6. 461, P =0.011) among a total of 16 alleles detected. But no transmission disequilibrium was found between CDH and D12S1686(X2 = 6. 171,P =0. 965) with 16 alleles detected.CONCLUSION: CDH may be related to Hox A, Hox B, Hox D genes, and Hox A, Hox B, Hox D genes may be susceptibility genes in CDH.

Objective To investigate the clinical operating skills of the ultrasound-guided percutaneous transhepatic bile duct puncture drainage(PTCD),and improve the success rate.Methods 60 cases of tumor-induced obstructive jaundice underwent ultrasound-guided percutaneous transhepatic bile duct puncture drainage were retrospectively analyzed and summarized.Results 60 cases were all punctureed successfully,and the success rate was 100％.A puncture needle patients which was successfully accounted for 88％ (53 cases).No obvious puncture complications were found.Conclusion Preoperative fully prepared for surgery the appropriate action can improve the ultrasoundguided percutaneous bile duct through the success rate of bypass,there is helpfal to reduce the puncture complications.

Objective To evaluate the application of M-mode echocardiography and Doppler echocardiography in diagnosing complete atrioventricular block (CAVB) in fetus. Methods M-mode and Doppler echocardiography were used to screen the fetuses and bradycadia was established as CAVB in 10 cases. Atrial and ventricular rhythm was measured by M-mode echocardiography. Flow of mitral valve, left ventricular in-flow and out-flow tract, venous duct was measured by Doppler echocardiography. The characteristics and prognoses of CAVB fetus were compared and analyzed. Results CAVB was established as independence in rhythm of atrium and ventricle. The rhythm of atrium could be in normal range, while the rhythm of ventricle should be slower than normal. Enlarged chambers were observed in 6 cases, cardiac dysfunction in 5 cases, and pericardial effusion in 7 cases. Tricuspid regurgitation and mitral regurgitation existed in 5 and 1 case, respectively. All of the CAVB fetus in this study underwent abortions. Conclusions Fetal echocardiography is proven to be a useful tool to diagnose CAVB, which greatly influenced the cardiac function in fetuses. Clear diagnosis as early as possible is crucial to the treatment of CAVB fetus.

Objective To evaluate the safety and feasibility of laparoscopie colorectal surgery in elderly patients.Methods The clinical data of 117 patients with colorechal cancer who had been admitted to People's Hospital of Peking University from January 2005 to December 2008 were analyzed retrospectively.Ail patients were divided into laparoscopic group(n=49)and open group(n=68).The postoperative conditions,incidence of complications and results of follow-up of patients in the 2 groups were compared.All data were analyzed via t test,chi-square test and Mann-Whitney U test,and the survival was analyzed via Kaplan-Meier method and Log-rank test.Results The mean operation time in laparoscopic group was(246±64)minutes,which was significantly longer than(218±50)minutes in open group(t=-2.677,P<0.05).The volume of blood loss,anal exsufflation time,postoperative hospital stay,ratio of patients who used analgesics and incidence of complications were (207±135)ml,3 days,12 days,45%(22/49)and 20%(10/49)in laparoscopic group,and were(296±178)ml,4 days,14 days,74%(50/68)and 44%(30/68)in open group,with significant difference between the 2 groups(t=2.920,U=770.5,1181.0,X~2=9.864,7.115,P<0.05).The length of bowel resected and number of lymph node dissected were(19±7)cm and 13±6 in laparoscopic group,and were(20±8)cm and 16±6 in open group,with no significant difference between the 2 groups(X~2=0.790,t=2.007,P>0.05).The 1-and 3-year accumulative survival were 95.4%and 85.2%in laparoscopic group,and were 94.7%and 82.3%in open group,with no significant difference between the 2 groups(X~2=0.581,P>0.05).Conclusion Laparoscopic surgery is safe and feasible for elderly patients with colorectal cancer.