Intracerebral hemorrhage accounts for about 10%-30% of all stroke types.It is characterized by rapid onset, rapid progress, varied clinical symptoms, high morbidity and mortality, and poor prognosis.After the intracerebral hemorrhage, various inflammatory mediators result in white matter lesions and cognitive impairment.Thrombin acting on thrombin receptors at low concentration induces neuroprotection and at high concentration causes brain injury.This article reviews the role and mechanism of thrombin in white matter injury after intracerebral hemorrhage.

Objective To observe the effects of hirudo capsules on degree of platelet activation and blood rheology in patients with cerebral arteriosclerosis. Methods 122 patients with cerebral arteriosclerosis were randomly divided into two groups by the random number table:observation group(61 cases)and control group (61 cases). The two groups received conventional treatment such as antihypertensive and hypoglycemic drugs,and 100 mg of aspirin once a day. In the observation group,additionally hirudo capsules 0.75 g,3 times a day were given. The therapeutic course in both groups was 2 months. Prior to the start of treatment and on the next day after the end of treatment,traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)clinical syndrome integral,platelet membrane glycoproteins caspase 1 (PAC-1),platelet adhesion molecule P selection(CD62P)positive rate,and blood rheology indexes were detected,in addition to the adverse reactions . Results Before treatment,there were no statistical significant differences between the two groups in terms of TCM clinical syndrome integral such as headache,dizziness,head fullness,multiple somnolence amnesia,lip dark purple,sublingual veins purple in color,PAC-1,CD62P positive rate,hemorheology indexes(all P>0.05). After treatment,TCM clinical syndrome integral PAC-1,CD62P,low shear viscosity,high shear viscosity,plasma viscosity and the hematocrit of two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment, the improvement in observation group being more remarkable〔headache:0.75±0.69 vs. 1.23±0.92,dizziness:0.96±0.78 vs. 1.54±1.24,head fullness:0.65±0.59 vs. 1.48±1.17,multiple somnolence amnesia:0.77±0.72 vs. 1.69±1.14,lip dark purple:0.83±0.81 vs. 1.32±0.79,sublingual veins purple:0.84±0.67 vs. 1.20±0.74, PAC-1:(10.31±4.57)%vs.(15.13±6.27)%,CD62P:(11.39±5.24)%vs.(16.40±7.91)%,low shear viscosity (mPa?s):7.52±3.37 vs. 8.97±3.50,high shear viscosity(mPa?s):4.35±1.12 vs. 5.58±1.19,plasma viscosity (mPa?s):1.54±0.35 vs. 1.88±0.42,hematocrit(HCT):0.43±0.09 vs. 0.49±0.10〕. In the patients' follow-up, there were no obvious side effects of hirudo capsules. Conclusion Hirudo capsule is a safe and effective drug for treatment of patients with cerebral arteriosclerosis as it is helpful in reducing platelet activation degree and improving the blood rheology indexes.

Objective To evaluate the value of dual Doppler ultrasonography in the diagnosis of fetal atrial extrasystoles.Methods Seven thousands and thirteen fetuses were examined by fetal echocardiography.If fetal arrhythmias were found,information of pulsed wave Doppler signals in hepatic vein (HV) and descending aorta (DAo) using dual Doppler were colleted simultaneously.The detected times were compared between using general Doppler and dual Doppler in 20 cases.Results On dual Doppler examination,28 of the fetuses showed signals of atrial extrasystoles,14 fetuses atrial extrasystoles conducted to ventricle,8 fetuses atrial extrasystoles non-conducted to ventricle,6 fetuses with part of the extrasystoles conducted to ventricle and part of the extrasystoles non-conducted to ventricle.No case had congenital heart disease.Twenty-six fetuses with atrial extrasystole were converted to normal rhythm within the third trimester of pregnancy,and the others' were converted to normal rhythm during the first 3 days postnatally.The detected time of dual Doppler was shorter than that of general Doppler(P ＜0.05).Conclusions Dual Doppler ultrasonography of simultaneous recordings in HV and DAo is an easy,rapid method of assessing fetal atrial extrasystoles,which should allow precise diagnosis of atrial extrasystole.

Objective To analyze the risk factors for hypertension in patients with chronic kidney disease stage 5(CKD5) . Methods The basic information of 390 CKD5 patients complicated with hypertension was collected for univariate analysis ,in‐cluding gender ,age ,primary disease ,dialysis method ,body mass index(BMI) ,complications(hyperlipidemia ,high uric acid ,car‐diac insufficiency) ,level of education ,parathyroid hormone(PTH)level.Univariate variables that showed statistical significance were then subjected to the multivariate analysis(Logistic regression)to identify the risk factors for hypertension in CKD5 pa‐tients.The defined daily dose(DDD)that satisfied the criteria interms of different stages was evaluated.Results Overall hyper‐tension control rate was 22.8%.Univariate analysis showed that the following variables were significantly associated with hy‐pertension in CKD5 patients :>40 years old ,male ,diabetic nephropathy ,hypertensive nephropathy ,hemodialysis ,hyperlipemia , high uric acid level ,and high PTH level(P<0.05).Logistic multivariate analysis showed that diabetic nephropathy ,hyperlipi‐demia ,high PT H level were the independent risk factors for hypertension in patients with CKD5.In hypertension segmented standard ,there was no difference in the DDD between stage 0 and 1(P>0.05) ,and DDD at stage 2 and 3 was increased signifi‐cantly when compared with that at 0 and 1 standard(P<0.05).Conclusion Overall hypertension control rate is very low in pa‐tients with CKD5.Diabetics ,hyperlipidemia ,high PTH level are independent risk factors for hypertension in patients with CKD5.

Objective To compare the value of ultrasound International Ovarian of Tumor Analysis (IOTA) simple rules and gynecologic imaging reporting and data system (GI-RADS) ultrasonographie stratification in the diagnosis of adnexal masses.Methods A total of 463 patients with adnexal masses were classified according to IOTA simple rules by senior doctor.The benign and malignant masses were enrolled in the study.Then the masses were judged according to GI-RADS classification and IOTA simple rules by senior and junior doctors.And junior doctorn in diagnosis of adnexal masses with IOTA was group A1,senior doctor in diagnosis of adnexal masses with IOTA was group B1,junior doctor in diagnosis of adnexal masses with GI-RADS was A2,senior doctor in diagnosis of adnexal masses with GI-RADS was B2.The efficacy of the two methods were compared.Results Among the 463 cases,there were 411 cases (411/463,88.77％) of benign mass and malignant mass by IOTA and 52 cases (52/463,11.23 ％) of uncertain mass.The specificity,positive predictive value,diagnostic accuracy had statistical differences between groups A2 and B2,A1 and A2 (all P＜0.05),and sensitivity and negative predictive value had no statistical differences (all P＞0.05).Diagnostic efficacy index had no statistial signifi cance between group A1 and B1,B1 and B2 (all P＞0.05).Conclusion The diagnostic efficacy of IOTA simple rules and GI-RADS is high and similar in diagnosis of benign and malignant adnexal masse.IOTA simple rules do not depend on experience,but they are not suitable for the diagnosis of all adnexal masses.

From visual teaching aids,experiment phenomenon,imagination,clinical cases and the aspects such as daily life phenomenon and computer supplementary teaching,this article has discussed the application of“Image-thinking” in biochemistry teaching,and from the angle of medical educational reform,it has also discussed the importance of its raising the teaching effect.

The different levels and clinical significance of high sensitivity C reactive protein(hs-CRP) , tumor necrosis factor-a ( TNF-α) , erythrocyte sedimentation rate ( ESR) , and urinary monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (uMCP-1) in 84 type 2 diabetic patients with different urine albumin excretion (UAE) were observed. The results indicated that the levels of hs-CRP,TNF-α,urinary MCP-1 ,and ESR in diabetic patients were significantly higher than those in control group,and the first three indexes increased with the levels of UAE. The results suggest that diabetic nephropathy seems to be correlated with inflammatory reactions.

A total of 185 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were consisted of male group (n =95) and postmenopausal female group (n =90).The parameters of fasting plasma glucose,HbA1c,fasting insulin,fasting C peptide,homeostasis model assessment insulin resistant index (HOMA-IR) and β-cell function (HOMA-β),blood lipid,body mass index,and waist to hip ratio were collected and analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis and stepwise multiple regression analysis.The relationships between osteocalcin and these parameters were investigated.The results revealed that osteocalcin was negatively correlated with HbA1C (P＜0.05),and osteocalcin was an independent relevant factor affecting HbA1Clevels.Osteocalcin may be involved in the regulation of glucose metabolism in T2DM.

OBJECTIVE:To study the apoptosis of human leukemic cells induced by Dihydroartemisinin and its molecular mechanism.METHODS:Human leukemia K562 cells were treated by Dihydroartemisinin.The inhibitory effect on cell proliferation was assayed by MTT.Fluorescence microscopy was applied to observe the presence of apoptosis.The expression of caspase-3 was assayed with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Levels of mitochondrial and cytoplasmic cytochrome C were determined using Western blot.RESULTS:After treatment with Dihydroartemisinin for 48 hours,the IC50 values of human leukemia K562 cells were 8? 10-5mol? L-1 detected at a wavelength of 570nm by MTT.Distinct morphology changes of cell apoptosis such as karyopyknosis and conglomeration were observed by Hoechst33342/PI staining.RT-PCR assay showed the expression of Caspase-3.Western-blot detection showed the decrease of mitochondrial cytochrome C concentration but the positive expression of cytoplasmic cytochrome C concentration.CONCLUSION:Dihydroartemisinin could inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of human leakemic K562 cells,this may partially attributed to the promotion of the delivery of cyt-c and the activation of caspase-3.

To cultivate medical talents with innovative ability is necessary for quality education,medical development and medical mode transformation.The traditional education mode cannot acclimatize itself to innovation education.So,we should renovate the education concept,train students in innovative ability and put quality education into practice.