Objective To investigate the risk factors associated with the presence of multiple Lugol-voiding lesions(LVLs)in patients with early esophageal cancer and the correlation with alcohol dehy-drogenase 1B(ADH1B)and aldehyde dehydrogenase 2(ALDH2)polymorphisms.Methods Patients who underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection due to early esophageal cancer were divided into group with multiple LVLs and group without multiple LVLs based on their endoscopic features.Their clinical data and the genotype of ADH1B and ALDH2 were collect-ed and SPSS 27.0 was used to statistically analyze the above data.Results A total of 83 subjects were included in the study,23 had multiple LVLs,most of them were seen in males,alcohol drinkers,and smokers with smoking index≥1 000,and multivariate analysis showed that alcohol consumption was an independent risk factor for it(OR=6.215,P=0.008).The gene polymorphism of ADH1B and ALDH2 and their interactions did not have any sig-nificant correlation with multiple LVLs.However,among alcohol drinkers,there was a 12-fold increased risk of multiple LVLs in patients carrying the ALDH2 A allele and drinking≥50 g per day compared to those carrying the ALDH2 GG genotype and drinking<50 g per day(P=0.045).Conclusion Alcohol consumption is an inde-pendent risk factor of multiple LVLs of the esophageal mucosa in patients with early esophageal cancer,and heavy alcohol consumption in carriers of the ALDH2 A allele will significantly increase the risk of multiple LVLs,and such patients should be closely followed up with endoscopy.

Objective:To compare the detection method of hepatitis E virus (HEV) in simulated water samples, and to provide a reference for the detection of HEV in water.Methods:HEV fecal suspension was added to tap water or distilled water simulated water samples, and pretreatment was carried out by electropositive filter-organic eluent elution method (Method 1) to compare the extraction effect of the three nucleic acid extraction kits, A, B, and C. The simulated water samples were pre-treated by Method 1, 2 (electropositive filter-direct lysis method), 3 (tangential-flow ultrafiltration membrane-organic eluent elution method), and 4 (tangential-flow ultrafiltration membrane-direct lysis method) for pretreatment, A kit for nucleic acid extraction, Real time RT-PCR method for detection and comparison of the recovery rate; comparison of the recovery rate of different concentrations of HEV in simulated water samples; comparing the inhibitory effects of inhibitors in tap water samples on real time RT-PCR; and detection of HEV in different batches of tap water specimens.Results:Kit A nucleic acid extraction was better; the recoveries of method 1, 2, 3 and 4 were 7.31%, 39.88%, 6.85% and 64.88%, respectively, which showed a statistically significant difference in the recoveries ( F=114.069, P<0.001). The recoveries of method 4 with the addition of high, medium and low concentrations of HEV were 65.26%, 42.76% and 32.79%, respectively. The inhibition of all four pre-treatment method was less than 75%, which meets the requirements of ISO (15216-2∶2019). Twenty tap water specimens were tested for HEV and the result were negative. Conclusions:This study showed that the two membranes better recovered in combination with direct lysis, respectively; Methods 4 had a higher recovery in the detection of HEV in small volumes of distilled or tap water, but it was limited by the volume of water samples, turbidity, and so on. Suitable method can be selected for different water quality and laboratory conditions.

Objective:To optimize and compare method for hepatitis E virus (HEV) nucleic acid detection from pig liver, and provide technical references for HEV detection in animal viscera specimens.Methods:Three methods (PBS homogenization treatment, proteinase K treatment, chloroform extraction method) were used to pretreat and extract viral nucleic acid form pig liver, which was artificially contaminated with HEV fecal suspensions, and HEV RT-qPCR was used to compare the HEV recovery rate and inhibition rate. The optimized HEV method was applied to commercially available pig liver specimens, and HEV genotyping was performed on positive specimens.Results:The HEV recovery rate of PBS homogenization treatment, proteinase K treatment and chloroform extraction method was 9.88%, 0.19% and 17.28%, respectively. The recovery rate of proteinase K treatment was less than 1%, and it was discarded; t-test was performed to compare recovery rates of the other two methods, which showed statistically significant differences ( t=26.801, P<0.001), the chloroform extraction method had a higher recovery rate. The inhibition rates of the three methods were all less than 75%, within the range of the ISO/TS 15216-2∶2019 standard. Among 192 commercially available pig liver specimens, 17 specimens were detected positive for HEV RNA, with a nucleic acid positive rate of 8.85%; five specimens were successfully genotyped for HEV, all of which were genotype 4. Conclusions:The virus recovery effect was good when chloroform extraction method was used for pig liver pretreatment; moreover, this method could detect HEV RNA from commercially available pig livers, which indicate that it can be used for virus detection in food.

Objective:To analyze the changing trend of incidence and prevalence of pneumoconiosis globally, and provide scientific basis for the formulation of health policy.Methods:In June 2022, through the Global Health Data exchange (GHDx) query tool (http: //ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool) , the pneumoconiosis incidence and prevalence data was downloaded and organized. Estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) and age-standardized rate (ASR) were used to estimate the trends of pneumoconiosis from 1990 to 2019. EAPC was estimated by linear regression model based on ASR.Results:The overall ASR of the incidence and prevalence of pneumoconiosis decreased from 1990 to 2019, and their EAPCs were-0.85% (95% CI: -1.11%--0.60%) and -0.78% (95% CI: -1.08%--0.49%) . Over the past 30 years, the incidence and prevalence of pneumoconiosis in all SDI areas showed decreasing trends, especially in high SDI areas, their EAPCs were -1.46% (95% CI: -1.76%--1.15%) and -1.99% (95% CI: -2.44%--1.53%) . 110 countries/areas showed increasing trends in age standardized incidence rate (ASIR) , with Iran and Georgia showing the most pronounced upward trend, their EAPCs were 5.32% (95% CI: 4.43%-6.22%) and 4.39% (95% CI: 3.81%-4.97%) . 125 countries/areas showed anincreasing trends in prevalence ASR, with Iran had the fastest rise in prevalence (EAPC=6.40%, 95% CI: 5.33%-7.49%) . Conclusion:Although decreasing trends in the burden of pneumoconiosis are observed globally from 1990 to 2019, but the burden of pneumoconiosis in low-and middle-income countries or regions are still heavy. We need more effective strategies to prevent and reduce the burden of pneumoconiosis.

Objective:To analyze the changing trend of incidence and prevalence of pneumoconiosis globally, and provide scientific basis for the formulation of health policy.Methods:In June 2022, through the Global Health Data exchange (GHDx) query tool (http: //ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool) , the pneumoconiosis incidence and prevalence data was downloaded and organized. Estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) and age-standardized rate (ASR) were used to estimate the trends of pneumoconiosis from 1990 to 2019. EAPC was estimated by linear regression model based on ASR.Results:The overall ASR of the incidence and prevalence of pneumoconiosis decreased from 1990 to 2019, and their EAPCs were-0.85% (95% CI: -1.11%--0.60%) and -0.78% (95% CI: -1.08%--0.49%) . Over the past 30 years, the incidence and prevalence of pneumoconiosis in all SDI areas showed decreasing trends, especially in high SDI areas, their EAPCs were -1.46% (95% CI: -1.76%--1.15%) and -1.99% (95% CI: -2.44%--1.53%) . 110 countries/areas showed increasing trends in age standardized incidence rate (ASIR) , with Iran and Georgia showing the most pronounced upward trend, their EAPCs were 5.32% (95% CI: 4.43%-6.22%) and 4.39% (95% CI: 3.81%-4.97%) . 125 countries/areas showed anincreasing trends in prevalence ASR, with Iran had the fastest rise in prevalence (EAPC=6.40%, 95% CI: 5.33%-7.49%) . Conclusion:Although decreasing trends in the burden of pneumoconiosis are observed globally from 1990 to 2019, but the burden of pneumoconiosis in low-and middle-income countries or regions are still heavy. We need more effective strategies to prevent and reduce the burden of pneumoconiosis.

Objective:A comparison of method for the detection of hepatitis E virus (HEV) in oysters was performed to provide a technical reference for the detection of HEV in oysters.Methods:After pre-treatment of oyster digestive gland specimens artificially contaminated with HEV fecal suspensions by the proteinase K digestion with reference to the European Union ISO/TS 15216-2∶2019, HEV RNA was extracted by four nucleic acid extraction method and assayed by Real time RT-PCR to compare the HEV recoveries; artificially contaminated oyster digestive gland specimens were pretreated by proteinase K digestion, proteinase K digestion + PEG precipitation, and proteinase K digestion + PEG precipitation + chloroform extraction, respectively, and HEV RNA was extracted by the optimal nucleic acid extraction method, which was assayed by real time RT-PCR to compare the HEV recoveries and inhibition rates of the three pretreatment method. The optimal HEV assay was applied to commercially available oyster specimens.Results:The HEV recoveries of the four nucleic acid extraction methods were 1.37%, 2.50%, 4.24% and 7.56%, respectively, with statistically significant differences ( F=847.220, P<0.001); The HEV recoveries for each of the three pre-treatment method were 6.02%, 13.65% and 21.17%, respectively, with statistically significant differences ( F=16.800, P<0.001), and the proteinase K digestion + PEG precipitation + chloroform extraction method had the highest recovery; the inhibition rates of the three method were 13.38%, 20.98% and 8.66%, respectively, and the differences were statistically significant ( F=20.205, P<0.001), with the lowest inhibition rate for the proteinase K digestion + PEG precipitation + chloroform extraction method. One HEV RNA positive specimen was detected in 120 commercially available oyster specimens. Conclusions:In the HEV detection of oyster specimens, pre-treatment with proteinase K digestion + PEG precipitation + chloroform extraction can improve the recovery of HEV from oysters and is more suitable for pre-treatment of oyster specimens; different manufacturers′ viral nucleic acid extraction method have different HEV recoveries and should be compared and screened for superiority before carrying out the assay.

In June 2022, a carbon monoxide poisoning accident with hidden source occurred in a bonded gold/silver wire manufacturing enterprise in Guangzhou, causing 10 people to be poisoned, of which 1 was caused by carbon monoxide poisoning and 9 by carbon monoxide contact reaction. The symptoms were dizziness, fatigue and vomiting. After 5 to 7 h, the saturation of carboxyhemoglobin in finger pulse was 4% to 10%, and the saturation of carboxyhemoglobin in blood gas biochemical analysis was 1.9% to 5.8%. The concentration of carbon monoxide detected in the carbon borne purification plant of the enterprise was 34.46-37.26 mg/m 3. It was judged that the accident was carbon monoxide poisoning caused by carbon monoxide gas being transported to the work post along the gas transmission pipeline due to abnormal operation of the carbon borne purification plant. By investigating the source and cause of poison, this paper provides a warning for the similar process to prevent similar events, and provides a new idea for the identification of chemical poisoning risk. At the same time, it is warned that similar enterprises should fully consider the risk of poisoning under specific circumstances, strengthen equipment maintenance and repair, and prevent the occurrence of similar incidents.

In June 2022, a carbon monoxide poisoning accident with hidden source occurred in a bonded gold/silver wire manufacturing enterprise in Guangzhou, causing 10 people to be poisoned, of which 1 was caused by carbon monoxide poisoning and 9 by carbon monoxide contact reaction. The symptoms were dizziness, fatigue and vomiting. After 5 to 7 h, the saturation of carboxyhemoglobin in finger pulse was 4% to 10%, and the saturation of carboxyhemoglobin in blood gas biochemical analysis was 1.9% to 5.8%. The concentration of carbon monoxide detected in the carbon borne purification plant of the enterprise was 34.46-37.26 mg/m 3. It was judged that the accident was carbon monoxide poisoning caused by carbon monoxide gas being transported to the work post along the gas transmission pipeline due to abnormal operation of the carbon borne purification plant. By investigating the source and cause of poison, this paper provides a warning for the similar process to prevent similar events, and provides a new idea for the identification of chemical poisoning risk. At the same time, it is warned that similar enterprises should fully consider the risk of poisoning under specific circumstances, strengthen equipment maintenance and repair, and prevent the occurrence of similar incidents.

Pyroptosis is a recently discovered programmed cell death mediated by cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase （Caspase）， which may lead to the release of intracellular inflammatory substances to extracellular and induce inflammatory cascades.Autoimmune diseases （ADs） is a kind of disease in which the body's immune tolerance is impaired， and the body overproduces autoantibodies， causing damage to its tissues.The pathogenic factors of ADs are complex and the pathogenesis is still unclear. With the deepening of the research on pyroptosis， more and more results show that pyroptosis is involved in the pathogenesis of various ADs such as rheumatoid arthritis， ulcerative colitis， systemic lupus erythematosus， and psoriasis. Glucocorticoid drugs， anti-rheumatism drugs， and biological agents are mostly used in the clinical treatment of ADs， but the therapeutic effect of some drugs is limited， and there are some long-term adverse reactions. Chinese medicine in the treatment of ADs has been proven to be safe and effective in long-term clinical practice. It has the characteristics of multiple targets and few side effects and has certain advantages in controlling the course of the disease. More and more studies have found that a variety of Chinese medicine formulations， single Chinese medicine， and active ingredients of Chinese medicine treat ADs through the intervention of pyroptosis. Therefore， this paper reviewed the experimental studies on the effect of Chinese medicine on pyroptosis in ADs in recent years， hoping to provide references for clinical treatment and scientific research.

Objective : To investigate the effect of platelet particles on the extent of intestinal inflammation and in⁃ testinal mucosal permeability in mice with dextran sodium sulfate induced colitis. Methods : The experiment was divided into four groups : normal control group ( n = 10 , drinking sterile distilled water + intraperitoneal injection of 0. 9% sodium chloride solution) , PMPs group ( n = 10 , drinking sterile distilled water + intraperitoneal injection of PMPs) , DSS model group ( n = 10 , drinking DSS solution + intraperitoneal injection of 0. 9% sodium chloride solution) , and experimental group ( n = 15 , drinking DSS solution + intraperitoneal injection of PMPs) . Peripheral blood⁃derived PMPs suspension was collected from inflammatory bowel disease ( IBD) patients. A colitis model was constructed in mice by allowing them to freely drink a 5% DSS solution for 1 week , followed by continuous intraperitoneal injection of PMPs for 7 days. Disease activity index (DAI) scores was recorded daily and the severity of intestinal inflammation with histopathological scores (HI) was assessed by HE staining of colon samples at the end of the experiment. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) , neutrophil elastase (NE) , citrullinated histone H3 (citH3) , and free DNA levels were measured in colon homogenate , observe intestinal mucosal structure by transmission electron microscopy , and intestinal permeability was tested using fluorescein isothiocyanate⁃dextran (FITC⁃D) . Results: Compared with the normal control group , the colonic mucosa of mice in the PMPs group showed edema , severe destruction of epithelial structure , extensive aggregation of inflammatory cells , and increased overall HI score (P < 0. 01) ; the levels of inflammatory factors such as IL⁃1β and TNF⁃α in colonic tissue homogenates of mice in the PMPs group increased (P < 0. 05) , and the expression of NETs increased (P < 0. 05) ; the plasma FITC⁃D level of mice in the PMPs group significantly increased (P < 0. 05) , and the permeability of intestinal mucosa increased. Compared with the DSS group , the experimental group mice had higher plasma FITC⁃D levels ( P < 0. 05 ) and more electron microscopic colonic epithelial damage. Conclusion PMPs induces NETs formation in mice , promotes colonic inflammation in mice , increases intestinal mucosal permeability and aggravates intestinal inflammation in mice with DSS colitis.