With the deepening of reform in hospitals, it is especially necessary for hospitals to adopt the system of controllership. Nevertheless, hospitals are currently confronted with a number of problems. One is that they lack advanced ideas of economic management. Another is that they lack a good mechanism of economic management. And the third is that they lack high caliber talents specializing in economic management. The author holds that the system of controllership is an important part of the economic management model of medern hospitals. It is therefore imperative to emancipate the mind and update economic concepts, establish a mechanism of economic operation focusing on the system of controllership, and cultivate a contingent of hospital controllers with high professional quality and strong capabilities for administrative leadership.

This paper explored influences of situational teaching competition on improvement of pathology teaching effect.Students were grouped to create situational teaching works under teacher's guidance and finally competition was carried out.Teachers were invited to do the judgment and evaluation on pathology teaching was made through teachers' feedback and students' questionnaire survey.Results showed that during the process of situational teaching centered on students,teaching forms were diversified,teacher evaluation was high and students' responses were active.Application of situational teaching competition made exchanging the roles of teachers and students and teaching in joy,which on the one hand stimulated students' enthusiasm,initiative and creativity and on the other hand improved teaching level of teachers.Satisfactory teaching effects were achieved after using this method.

Objective: To study the relationship between emotional intelligence and coping style in middle-school students Methods:1281 middle-school students were measured by a questionnaire of EIS (Emotional Intelligence Scale) and CSSMSS (Coping Scale for Middle School Students) Results:(1)In the Emotional intelligence score, the students coming from city were higher than those from village and town,and children from single child family higher than children having siblings Further analysis showed primary middle school students had gender difference, while senior high school students did not (2)The common styles of middle school students coping frustration and trouble were problem-solving, withdrawal, tolerance, abreaction, help-seeking and fantasy (3)Emotional intelligence was positively correlated with six coping styles (r= 072～ 459), and problem-solving, help-seeking and withdrawal were main contributing factors to emotional intelligence Conclusion:Mood of middle school students is in fluenced by many factors including their coping style

Objective:To explore gender difference of adolescent's sexology.Methods:Twenty-three studies about adolescent sexology from 1994 to 2005 were collected for meta analysis.Results:When facing first menstrual flow, more girls express fear than the counterpart situation of boys first facing spermatorrhea (effective value 0.49, 95% CI 0.45~0.53). Boys and girls had no difference as with school as the source of sex knowledge. Girls got sex knowledge more frequently from parents than boys, the later got more from media and books. Boys had more sex fantasy, stronger sex desire and actually more sex activities than girls (effective values were 4.47, 3.41, 1.59 relatively, with 95% CI were 4.06~5.13, 3.10~3.47, 1.37~1.86).Conclusion:There are obvious gender differences in adolescent sexology.

Objective To explore the effects of Xiefuzhuyu decoction on myocardial cellar apoptosis and expression of ICAM-1 gene protein in rats of experimental acute ischemic myocardium. Methods The left anterior descending coronary artery was ligated to make a model of acute ischemic myocardium. The changes in myocardial cellar apoptosis and the ICAM-1 gene expression were detected. Results The number of myocardium cellar apoptosis in Xiefuzhuyu group and Diaoxinxiekang group were significantly less than those of ischemic model group respectively. The number of myocyte necrotic cell increased in ischemic group. At the same time, the expression of ICAM-1 supported this condition. Conclusion Xiefuzhuyu decoction and Diaoxinxiekang can protect ischemic myocardium.

Classical piggyback liver transplantation (CPBLT) is an advanced technique based on standard orthotopic liver transplantation (SOLT),which has more advantages compared to the SOLT.However,there are still some problems with CPBLT to be solved,such as complicated surgical procedures,postoperative hepatic venous outflow obstruction and thrombosis.Recently,in order to solve these problems,modifications have been made,being named ameliorated piggyback liver transplantation (APBLT).The APBLT solved above-mentioned problems,and expanded the application of PBLT.Therefore,this article describes the technique of these ameliorations,and discusses their individual characteristics.

OBJECTIVE:To determine the equilibrium solubility and the apparent partition coefficient of sulfamethazine(SM2) in a series of phosphate buffer solutions of different pH so as to provide a basic study for the exploitation of SM2 preparation.METHODS:A series of buffer solutions of different pH were prepared.The apparent solubility was determined by saturation method;Ko/w was calculated with concentration ratio of SM2 in n-octanol and water phase after partition equilibrium.RESULTS:The maximum equilibrium solubility was 1.916 g?L-1 at pH 2 and 1.375 g?L-1 at pH 9,and the maximum of apparent partition coefficient was 3.9070 at pH 8.CONCLUSION:The equilibrium solubility and apparent partition coefficient of SM2 are correlated to pH of the medium.SM2 dissolved preferably when pH6.8,but SM2 was more distributed in the lipid phase and easier to be absorbed by body when pH=3～8.

This study was aimed to make a systematic and comprehensive evaluation on clinical efficacy and safety of vertigo treatment with Tian-Ma Gou-Teng (TMGT) Decoction. Articles had been searched in the Chinese Journal Full-text Database, Chongqing VIP Chinese Scientific Journals Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Biomedical Literature Database Online, Wanfang Data and Chinese Medicine Journal Literature Database for randomized controlled trials (RCT) on vertigo treatment with TMGT Decoction. The data retrieval time was from the establishment time of the database until present. Two investigators screened literatures, extracted data and assessed quality according to inclusion and exclusion criteria independently. RevMan5.0.2 was used in the meta-analysis. The results showed that a total of 33 trials were involved, which covered 2922 vertigo cases. The meta-analysis showed that from the aspect of clinical effectiveness, the comparison between Chinese medicine treatment group and modern medicine treatment group (OR = 3.67, 95% CI [2.66~5.07]), comparison between integrative medicine treatment group and modern medicine treatment group (OR = 3.28, 95% CI [2.33~4.62]), the comparison between Chinese medicine combined with other method (such as acupuncture, Tuina) treatment group and other Chinese medicine treatment group (OR = 2.29, 95% CI [1.34~3.91]), therapeutic effect in the experimental group was better than the control group. For the aspect of relapse rate, TMGT Decoction in the treatment of vertigo was better than the control group (OR = 0.27, 95% CI [0.12~0.65]). In the aspect of adverse reactions, TMGT Decoction in the treatment of vertigo was better than the control group (OR = 0.40, 95% CI [0.13~1.24]). For aspects of other indicators such as quality of life, no further analysis was conducted since there was no complete reported literature. It was concluded that the system evaluation results showed that compared with other methods, TMGT Decoction has better clinical efficacy and low recurrence rate, but safety needs to be further eualuated. However, due to the quality of included studies was not high, current evidences cannot be determined to be fully applicable in the clinical practice. But its efficacy advantages are worthy of further research. It especially requires high quality multi-center, large sample, double-blind, RCTs to verify.

Aim To observe the effect of gypenosides ( GP) on the expression of receptor for advanced gly-cated endproducts ( RAGE ) and transforming growth factor-β1 ( TGF-β1 ) in human mesangial cells( HMCs) induced by AGEs. Methods HMCs were cultured in DMEM of low glucose containing 15% fetal bovine ser-um in vitro, which were divided into four groups: the normal group, model group, GP group and positive control group. In addition to the normal group, the other groups were stimulated by AGEs ( 200 mg · L-1 );furthermore, GP group was intervened with dif-ferent concentrations(25,75,175 mg·L-1) of GP, while control group was given 10 mmol · L-1 of amin-oguanidine hydrochloride. The expression of RAGE and TGF-β1 protein of each group was detected by Western blot; the expression of RAGE and TGF-β1 mRNA of each group was detected by RT-PCR. Re-sults The expression of RAGE, TGF-β1 protein and mRNA in HMCs induced by AGEs in the model group was significantly higher than that of the normal group ( P<0. 01 );compared with the positive control group ( P<0. 01 ) , GP could obviously reduce the expression of RAGE, TGF-β1 protein and mRNA in a dose-de-pendent manner. Conclusion GP can reduce the ex-pression of RAGE in HMCs induced by AGEs, block AGEs-RAGE signaling pathway and decrease the ex-pression of the downstream factor TGF-β1 , therefore, it plays the role in the resistance of rennal fibrosis in DN.

Objective To investigate whether there is any functional link between p27~(Kip1) function and all-trans retinoic acid (RA) in the control of neuronal differentiation of immortalized human neural progenitor cells (hSN12W-TERT cells). To investigate the mechanism by which p27~(Kip1) regulates the differentiation of immortalized human neural progenitor cells. Methods hSN12W-TERT cells were derived from the striatums of human embryos at 12 weeks gestation and cultured with serum-free medium in presence of EGF and bFGF. At the appropriated time, hSN12W-TERT cells were exposed to 1μmol/L RA for 3, 5, 7 days respectively. The experiment was repeated there times. Cell cycle analysis was performed by flow cytometry analysis (FACS). The expression of p27~(Kip1), p21~(cip1), cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (cdk2), p-cdk2 and S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (skp2) in hSN12W-TERT cells before and after RA treatment cells were determined by using Western blotting analysis. Results FACS result showed that 77.25% of proliferating hSN12W-TERT cells were in the G1/G0-phase while 9.38% of cells in the S-phase. Following RA treatment, cell growth was arrested, and 85.68% of cells accumulated in G1/G0-phase while 8.57% of cells in the S-phase. Western blotting analysis demonstrated that the levels of p27~(Kip1) in the hSN12W-TERT cells increased following 3 days' treatment with RA compared with those of normal untreated cells, with a peak at 5 days (P<0.05). The similar results were acquired both in nuclear proteins and in cytoplasm proteins of hSN12W-TERT cells. The expression level of p21~(cip1) decreased in response to RA treatment. RA did not affect the expression of cdk2, but the expression of p-cdk2, which represented the activity of cdk2, was markedly decreased in response to RA treatment. Skp2, which was required for the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of p27~(Kip1), was detected in proliferating hSN12W-TERT cells. The expression of skp2 reduced dramatically in response to RA treatment in a time-dependent manner.Conclusion There is a functional link between RA and p27~(Kip1) function in the control of neuronal differentiation in hSN12W-TERT cells. P27~(Kip1) plays a key role during neuronal differentiation. Moreover, high levels of p27~(Kip1) are associated with its degradation inhibiting through reducing proteasome-dependent proteolysis.