Objective:To study the effects of the overexpression of hsa-miR-202 on the proliferation and molecular mechanism of lung cancer A549 cells. Methods:A sequence of hsa-miR-202 with ppG/miR/eGFP/Blasitidin pasmid was directionally connected and a eukaryotic expression vector pmiR-202 of the target hsa-miR-202 gene was constructed. pmiR-202 was transtected to A549 cell with Lipofectamine 2000. The WST assay was used to detect the cell proliferation rate, and RT-PCR was used to detect the relative gene expression levels. Western blot analysis was used to detect the IL-10 protein expression levels. The interaction between miR-202 and IL-10 was examined using a luciferase reporter assay. Results:The design from the DNA sequencing results shows that a eukaryot-ic expression vector of miR-202 was successfully constructed. The proliferation inhibition rates of A549 cells by Pmir-202 were 12%, 38%, and 52%. The differences in the treatment group compared with the blank control and negative control groups were statistically significant. The RT-PCR results showed that the relative expression levels of miR-202 increased after transfection with pmiR-202. Over-expression of miR-202 can downregulate the relative gene and protein expression levels of IL-10, and the relative levels were 25%and 0.75, respectively. Compared with the blank control and the negative control groups, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The fluorescent activity was reduced when transfection was performed with miR-202 mimics, and IL-10-3'UTR plasmid was cloned. Conclusion: pmiR-202 effectively inhibited the proliferation of A549 cells and exhibited a time-effect relationship with miR-202 by targeted combination with IL-10 3'UTR to downregulate IL-10 expression in A549 cells.

AIM: To examine expression of macrophage migration inhibitroy factor (MIF) gene and protein in macrophages induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL). METHODS: Macrophages were incubated with ox-LDL at the concentration of 150 mg/L for time course (0-36 h) and with ox-LDL at the different concentrations (0-300 mg/L) for 24 h, expression of MIF mRNA and protein were detected by RT-PCR and ELISA. RESULTS: The results showed that ox-LDL increased MIF gene and protein expression in macrophages in a dose and time-dependent manner. After the exposure of macrophage to ox-LDL, the expression of MIF mRNA level increased consistently with protein. CONCLUSION: MIF may play an important role in atherosclerosis. [

Purpose　To describe clinicopathological and immunophenotypic features of 10 cases of histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis (HNL). Methods　HE sections of 11 lymph node biopsies were re-examined. Immunophenotyping and detection of apoptotic DNA fragments were performed using S-P and TUNEL methods, respectively. Results　Five cases have been diagnosed as non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Histologically variable-sized discrete or confluent nodules were seen in the paracortex, especially in the interfollicular area, which were composed of proliferative pleomorphic histiocytes, transformed lymphocytes, and karyorrhectic debris. Immunohistochemistry revealed CD3+ and CD45RO+ for lymphocytes, Mac387+ and/or CD68+ for histiocytes, and no expression for CD15,CD30 and CD20 in the lesions. Conclusions　The presence of pleomorphic histiocytes, transformed T-cells, and karyorrhectic debris in the biopsy of lymph nodes, together with the absence of neutrophils support the diagnosis of HNL.

Objective To investigate the level of serum macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and its correlation with serum precollagen Ⅲ peptide (PⅢP) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related cirrhosis. Methods Forty-four CHB patients (hepatitis B group), 44 patients with HBV-related cirrhosis (cirrhosis group) and 30 healthy controls (control group) were enrolled in this study. The venous blood was collected and MIF level was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Correlations between MIF and PⅢP, TIMP-1 were analyzed in observed groups. Comparison between groups was done using t test. The correlations between MIF level and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TBil), plasma thromboplastin antecedent (PTA), PⅢP and TIMP-1 were analyzed by rectilinear correlation. Results The levels of serum MIF, PⅢP and TIMP-1 in CHB group and cirrhosis group were all significantly higher than those in control group (t=12.87,5.28, 10.98,t=11.22,14.84,11.17;all P<0.05), while there were no significant differences between CHB group and cirrhosis group (t= -1.05,1.52,--2.07;all P>0.05). There was no correlation between MIF level and ALT, AST, TBil and PTA. MIF level in CHB patients with hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) positive and high viral load were both higher than that in patients with HBeAg negative and low viral load. MIF level was both positively correlated with PⅢP level in CHB group and cirrhosis group (r=0. 603, P<0.05 and r=0. 415, P<0. 05, respectively). MIF level was also positively correlated with TIMP-1 level in CHB group (r=0. 458, P<0.05), while not correlated in cirrhosis group (r=0. 210, P>0.05). Levels of PⅢP and T1MP-1 were both correlated in CHB group and cirrhosis group (r=0. 849, P< 0.05 and r=0. 424, P<0.05, respectively). Conclusions The levels of serum MIF are significantly increased both in patients with CHB and cirrhosis. The early production of MIF might be related with viral replication, but not with liver function. MIF participates in formations of hepatitis, liver fibrosis and cirrhosis, which could reflect the degree of liver cirrhosis.

AIM: To investigate the primary culture method for coronary artery smooth muscle cells (CASMCs), and to establish the endoplasmic reticulum stress ( ERS) model in CASMCs of SD rats.METHODS:CASMCs were cultured by tissue explant method .The morphological characteristics were observed under optical micro-scope.The marker proteins of CASMCs , including α-SMA and SM-MHC, were identified by immunofluorescence tech-nique.The protein expression levels of BiP and CHOP , the marker molecules of ERS, were determined by Western blot . RESULTS:The spindle-shaped CASMCs climbed out from the edge of coronary artery tissues after 6 d, and formed the typical hill and valleygrowth pattern of CASMCs at 9~10 d.The result of immunofluorescence technique showed that α-SMA and SM-MHC were positively expressed .The results of Western blot showed that the protein expression of BiP and CHOP in TG ( 1 and 2 μmol/L ) treatment groups was increased compared with control group .Compared with control group, the protein expression of BiP and CHOP was significantly increased after 1 μmol/L TG treatment for 24 and 48 h. CONCLUSION:CASMCs can be successfully cultured by tissue explant method .ERS model of CASMCs was established by 1 μmol/L TG treatment for 24 h.

AIM:MicroRNAs ( miRNAs) were recognized to play significant roles in cardiac hypertrophy .But, it remains unknown whether cyclin/Rb pathway is modulated by miRNAs during cardiac hypertrophy .This study investigates the potential roles of microRNA-1 (miR-1) and microRNA-16 (miR-16) in modulating cyclin/Rb pathway during cardiomyocyte hypertrophy .METHODS:An animal model of hypertrophy was established in a rat with abdominal aortic constriction (AAC).In addition, a cell model of hypertrophy was also achieved based on PE-promoted neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocyte .RESULTS:miR-1 and-16 expression were markedly de-creased in hypertrophic myocardium and hypertrophic cardiomyocytes in rats .Overexpression of miR-1 and -16 suppressed rat cardiac hypertrophy and hypertrophic phenotype of cultured cardiomyocytes .Expression of cyclins D1, D2 and E1, CDK6 and phosphorylated pRb was increased in hypertrophic myocardium and hypertrophic cardiomyocytes , but could be reversed by enforced expression of miR-1 and -16.CDK6 was validated to be modulated post-transcriptionally by miR-1, and cyclins D1, D2 and E1 were further validated to be modulated post-transcriptionally by miR-16.CONCLUSION: Attenuations of miR-1 and -16 provoke cardiomyocyte hypertrophy via derepressing the cyclins D1, D2, E1 and CDK6, and activating cyclin/Rb pathway.

AIM:To investigate the effect of miR-214 on cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and the expression of the potential target genes . METHODS:A cell model of hypertrophy was established based on angiotensin-Ⅱ( Ang-Ⅱ)-induced neonatal mouse ventricular car-diomyocytes (NMVCs).Dual luciferase reporter assay was performed to verify the interaction between miR-214 and the 3’ UTR of MEF2C.The expression of MEF2C and hypertrophy-related genes at mRNA and protein levels was determined by RT-qPCR and Wes-tern blotting, respectively.RESULTS:The expression of ANP, ACTA1,β-MHC and miR-214 was markedly increased in Ang-Ⅱ-in-duced hypertrophic cardiomyocytes .Dual luciferase reporter assay revealed that miR-214 interacted with the 3’ UTR of MEF2C, and miR-214 was verified to inhibit MEF2C expression at the transcriptional level .The protein expression of MEF2C was markedly in-creased in the hypertrophic cardiomyocytes .Moreover, miR-214 mimic, in parallel to MEF2C siRNA, inhibited the expression of hy-pertrophy-related genes in Ang-Ⅱ-induced NMVCs.CONCLUSION:MEF2C is a target gene of miR-214, which mediates the effect of miR-214 on attenuating cardiomyocyte hypertrophy .

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of 1,25(OH)zD3 on podocyte apoptosis in kidney of puremyein aminonueleoside nephropathy (PAN) rats. Methods Seventy-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: PAN model group(PAN), 1,25 (OH)2D3 treated group (T, 0.2 μg·kg-1d-1 by garages) and normal control group (NC). PAN rat model was constructed by a single intravenous injection of 100 mg/kg body weight. Renal function and 24hour urinary protein were measured at day 3, 7, 14, 21 after PAN injection. The renal tissue morphology was observed by light and electron microscope. Podocyte apeptosis was evaluated by TUNEL. Protein expressions of nephrin, TGF-β1 and p-Smad2/3 were examined by immunofluoreacence, immunohistochemistry and Western blot, respectively. Results(1)The levels of serum creafinine, BUN and 24-h urinary protein [(20.26±4.87) mg vs (1.01±0.41) mg at day 7, P ＜0.01] were significantly higher and the number of glomerular pedocyte was significantly lower [(10.9±4.2)/glomerular volume vs (31.9±6.2)/glomerular volume at day 14, P＜0.01] in PAN group compared with NC group. T group rats had less urinary protein excretion [(9.95±3.82) mg/24 h, P＜0.01] and more glomerular podocytes compared with PAN group. (2) Distribution of nephrin expression was changed from linear to granular pattern in PAN rats on day 7, nephrin mRNA and protein expressions were markedly decreased(P＜0.01), while the number of apoptotic podocyte was increased in PAN group(P＜0.01). However, higher nephrin expression and less apoptotic podocytes were found in T group (P＜0.01). (3) Compared with NC group, the mRNA and protein expression of TGF-β1 and p-Smad2/3 were higher in PAN group (P＜0.01), while 1,25 (OH)2D3 treatment abrogated PAN-induced changes in the expression of TGF-β1 and p-Smad2/3 (P＜0.01). Conclusions 1,25 (OH)2D3 can significantly suppress PAN-induced podocyte apoptosis and ameliorate proteinnuria. The beneficial effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 on podocyte may contribute to direct suppression of TGF-β signaling.

The effects of ketamine on transient outward potassium current (I(to)) of isolated human atrial myocytes were investigated to understand the mechanism of part of its effects by whole-cell patch-clamp. Atrial myocytes were enzymatically isolated from specimens of human atrial appendage obtained from patients under going cardiac valve displacing. Ito is recorded in voltage-clamp modes using the patch-clamp technique at room temperature. Currents signals were recorded by an Axopatch 200B amplifier with the Digidata 1322A-pClamp 9.0 data acquisition system. Ketamine decreased I(to) of human atrial myocytes in a dose-dependent manner. The current-voltage curve was significantly lowered, 30, 100, 300, and 1000 micromol x L(-1) ketamine decreased respectively I(to) current density about (13.62 +/- 0.04)%, (38.92 +/- 0.05)%, (72.24 +/- 0.10)% and (83.84 +/- 0.05)% at the potential of 50 mV, with an IC50 of 121 micromol x L(-1). The I(to) activation curve, inactivation curve and the recovery curve were not altered by ketamine. So, ketamine concentration-dependently decreased I(to) of human atrial myocytes.

Objective To evaluate the changes of function of right ventricular using echocardiography after transcatheter closure of atrial septal defect(ASD)and to study the feasibility and superiority of echocardiographic evaluation of right ventricular function. Methods In 70 patients with transcatheter closure of ASD,echocardio?graphic examinations were made different time intervals after the closure to calculate right cardiac morpnology and function. Results After closure ASD in different time intervals, the size of RAEDd1, RAEDd2, RVEDd1, RVEDd2, RVEDd3, Inferior Vena Cava and RIMP, RVEF, TAPSE and FAC were obviously decreased(P<0.01)between two groups. All events were obviously decreased compared precious function(P < 0.01)and the interaction of the time (P < 0.01). Conclusion The construction of right ventricular narrows gradually and the function recovers after transcatheter closure of ASD in a year and those who did not become worse.