Objective:To optimize the extraction process of berberine hydrochloride from Sanhuang Diyu oil by Box-Benhnken re-sponse surface methodology. Methods:The extraction process was optimized with the size of each medicine ( X1 ) , the liquid-solid ra-tio ( X2 ) and the extraction time ( X3 ) as the independent variables and berberine hydrochloride extraction amount ( Y) as the depend-ent variable, and the effects of variables and their interactions on the extraction efficiency were studied. Results:The experiment results indicated that the optimal extraction conditions were as follows:the size of each medicine was 60 meshes, the liquid-solid ratio was 18, and the extraction time was 1. 5 h. Under the above conditions, 3 batches of berberine hydrochloride from Sanhuang Diyu oil were ex-tracted. The average extraction rate of berberine hydrochloride was (16.6 ±0.6) mg·g-1(n =3). Conclusion: The extraction process of Sanhuang Diyu oil optimized by Box-Behnken response surface methodology is simple, stable and predictable.

Objective:To establish a method for the determination of atorvastatin and amlodipine in compound atorvastatin calcium and amlodipine besylate tablets. Methods:The determination was performed on a Gemini-NX C18 column (250 mm × 4. 6 mm, 5μm) with the mobile phase consisting of 20 mmol·L-1 potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution ( adjusting pH to 4 with phosphoric acid)-acetonitrile-methanol (30 ∶10 ∶60) at a flow rate of 1. 0 ml·min-1 . The detection wavelength was set at 240 nm and the column tem-perature was 30℃. The injection volume was 20μl. Results:The linear range of atorvastatine and amlodipine was 0. 4-40. 0μg·ml-1 and 0. 2-20. 0 μg·ml-1, respectively. The mean recovery of atorvastatin and amlodipine was 100. 6% and 99. 7%, and RSD was 0. 92% and 0. 85% (n=9), respectively. Conclusion:The method is special, stable and reliable, and can be used for the content determination of compound atorvastatin calcium and amlodipine besylate tablets.

Objective:To optimize the ultrasonic-assisted extraction technology of polysaccharide from Tremella by Box-Benhnken response surface methodology .Methods:The single-factor extraction tests and response surface analysis were employed to optimize the technology conditions , including ultrasonic power , ultrasonic time and liquid/solid ratio.Results:The experiment results indicated that the optimal extraction conditions were ultrasonic power of 360 W, ultrasonic time of 23 min and liquid/solid ratio of 45 ∶1 ( ml· g-1 ) . Under the conditions , 6 batches of polysaccharide from Tremella were extracted .The average extraction rate of Tremella polysaccharides was 20.4%±1.8%(n=6).Conclusion: The ultrasonic-assisted extraction process of Tremella polysaccharide using Box-Behnken response surface methodology is simple with good predictability .

Objective:To prepare and characterize the PEGylated liposomes containing total saponins of Paris Polyphylla. Meth-ods:Using the size, PDI, zeta potential and encapsulation efficiency of the liposomes as the indicators, the influencing factors in the preparation were optimized. The particle size, PDI and zeta potential were studied by a Malvern Zetasizer, the morphology was ob-served under a TEM, and the stability was studied as well. Results:The particle size, PDI, zeta potential and encapsulation efficiency of the PEGylated liposomes was (109. 4 ± 32. 7) nm, (0. 171 ± 0. 036), ( -36. 7 ± 4. 5) mV and (93. 5 ± 3. 2) %, respectively. The liposomes were small spheres with smooth surface under the TEM. The long term stability studies showed that the liposomes were stable in 3 months after stored at 4℃. Conclusion:The preparation technology of the PEGylated liposomes containing total saponins of Paris Polyphylla is feasible, which can obtain liposomal preparations with high entrapment efficiency and good stability.

Objective To explore the application effects of simulation diagnosis teaching in practical teaching of obstetrics and gynecology.Methods Students were divided into simulation teaching group(n=46) and traditional teaching group(n=46).Survey was conducted among simulation teaching group and traditional teaching group concerning clinical teaching of obstetrics and gynecology.Teaching effects were evaluated by questionnaire and examination.SPSS 13.0 statistics software was used to do the analysis.Enumeration data was analyzed by chi-square test while measurement data by t test.P＜0.05 stands for statistically significant difference.Results There were significant differences in improving students' clinical thinking and practical ability between two groups(P＜0.05).Satisfaction degree of simulation teaching group was significantly higher than that of traditional teaching group.Examination results of simulation teaching group was significantly higher than that of traditional teaching group(theoretical exam:P=0.001; operational exam:P=0.000).Conclusions Simulation diagnosis teaching can provide students more opportunities to practice and improve students' clinical thinking ability and clinical practice ability.

Objective: To prepare the total saponins from Paris Polyphylla self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDSs) and its solid fied granule, and investigate the in vitro release.Methods: The solubility of the total saponins from Paris Polyphylla in different excipients was investigated.The pseudo-ternary phase diagram composed of different oil phase, emulsifier and co-emulsifier was used to define the self-emulsifying area.The optimal formula of the total saponins from Paris Polyphylla SMEDDSs was prepared into granule.The appearance, morphology, particle size distribution, PdI and zeta potential of the microemulsion and the granule were determined by a dilution method.The drug release profile of the total saponins from Paris Polyphylla SMEDDSs and SMEDDSs granule were compared.Results: The optimal formula of SMEDDSs was as follows: propylene glycol monocaprylate as the oil phase, Tween-80 as the emulsifier and propylene glycol as the co-emulsifier with the optimum ratio of 7.0∶1.5∶1.5.After diluted by water,the total saponins from Paris PolyphyllaSMEDDSs and the granule formed a clear and transparent microemulsion solution with small homogeneous spheres as seen under a transmission electron microscope.The average particle size of the total saponins from Paris Polyphylla SMEDDSs and the granule was (58.6±16.4) nm and (68.1±12.1) nm with PdI of (0.183±0.04) and (0.209±0.05), respectively, and the zeta potential was (-20.2±1.9) mV and (-18.9±1.5) mV, respectively.The results of transmission electron microscopy showed the microemulsion was round, regular and spherical distribution.The in vitro release profile indicated that the accumulated release of the total saponins from Paris Polyphylla SMEDDSs and SMEDDSs granule was more than 85% in 45 min.Conclusion: The self-microemulsifying granule can significantly improve the in vitro dissolution rate of the total saponins from Paris Polyphylla, and the preparation process is simple and feasible.

Objective:To design and develop a formula of solid lipid nanoparticles containing the total saponins of Paris Polyphylla using a quality by design ( QbD) method. Methods:The target product profile of solid lipid nanoparticles was determined according to the properties of dosage form and administration. The risk assessment was carried out according to the theoretical knowledge and experi-ence to define the critical variables influencing the properties of solid lipid nanoparticles. Firstly, Plackett-Burman test was used to screen out the key variables significantly affecting the pharmacological properties of solid lipid nanoparticles, and then the Box-Behnken effect surface method was use to further optimize the selected variables. The physicochemical properties of solid lipid nanoparticles con-taining the total saponins of Paris Polyphylla were studied, such as the particle size distribution, polydispersity index ( PdI) , zeta po-tential, morphology and in vitro drug release behavior. Results: The optimum formula and preparation process were as follows: the concentration of glycerol monostearate was 5. 5％, the concentration of soybean phospholipid was 8. 0％, the number of homogenization was 6 times, the concentration of drug was 5. 0％, the surfactant was Tween 80, the mass pressure was 600 bar and the homogeneous temperature was 65℃. The mean particle size, PdI and zeta potential of the optimized solid lipid nanoparticles was (116. 5 ± 32. 1) nm, (0. 198 ± 0. 018) and ( -23. 6. 5 ± 0. 9) mV, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the solid lipid nanop-articles were spherical. The results of in vitro release showed a sustained release property, and the cumulative release was 63. 5％ in 24 h. Conclusion:It is feasible to design and develop solid lipid nanoparticles containing the total saponins of Paris Polyphylla by using the QbD method, which can ensure the product quality to meet the requirements.

AIM:To explore the expression level of microRNA-140 ( miR-140 ) in human gastric cancer and normal gastric tissues, and the regulatory effect of miR-140 expression on the function of SGC-7901 cells.METHODS:The expression levels of miR-140 in human gastric cancer and normal gastric tissues were detected by real-time PCR.miR-140 mimics ( miR-140 up-regulated expression) and miR-140 inhibitors ( miR-140 down-regulated expression) were trans-fected into human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells by liposome method.At the same time, the untransfected control group ( control group) and miRNA nonsense sequence transfection group ( NC group) were set up .The expression of miR-140 in the cells after transfection was detected by real-time PCR.The cell viability and growth inhibition rate with DDP were meas-ured by MTT assay.The cell cycle and apoptotic rate of SGC-7901 cells were analyzed by flow cytometry.The invasion a-bility of SGC-7901 cells was measured by Transwell assay.The protein expression of histone deacetylase 4(HDAC4) in the cells was determined by Western blot.RESULTS:The expression level of miR-140 in human gastric cancer tissues was significantly lower than that in normal gastric tissues (P<0.05).Compared with control group and NC group, the viability and invasion ability of the SGC-7901 cells were decreased, the cell cycle was arrested, the cell growth inhibition rate and apoptotic rate with DDP treatment were increased, and the protein expression of HDAC4 was down-regulated ( P<0.05) in miR-140 mimics group.However, in miR-140 inhibitors group, the viability and invasion ability of the SGC-7901 cells were increased, the cell cycle was promoted, the cell growth inhibition rate and apoptotic rate with DDP treatment were de-creased, and the protein expression of HDAC4 was up-regulated ( P<0.05 ) .CONCLUSION:The expression level of miR-140 in the gastric cancer tissues is low.miR-140 serves as a tumor suppressor to regulate the viability, apoptosis and invasion ability of gastric cancer cells, and to play a role by down-regulating HDAC4 protein.miR-140 may serve as a new target for diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer.

The aim of this study was to prepare and characterise docetaxel lipid emulsion injection and to conduct the characterization of its pharmacokinetics in rats after tail-vein injection. High pressure homogenization method was used to prepare docetaxel lipid emulsion. 12 Wistar rats were randomly divided into docetaxel lipid emulsion injection group and docetaxel injection group, and dosed at 6 mg/kg through tail-vein injection. Docetaxel concentration in plasma was determined by HPLC. The pharmacokinetic parameters of docetaxel in rats were obtained using the 3P97 program. Particle size, polydispersion index, Zeta potential of docetaxel lipid emulsion were found to be(221. 6±13. 4)nm, (0. 092±0. 003)and -30. 3 mV, respectively. t1/2(α) of docetaxel lipid emulsion injection and docetaxel injection were(0. 072±0. 014)and(0. 066±0. 015)h; t1/2(β) were(0. 573±0. 253)and(0. 432±0. 184)h; AUC0-12 h were(7. 98±1. 25)and(6. 26±1. 83)μg ·h/mL, respectively. Docetaxel lipid emulsion injection had similar pharmacokinetic characteristics to docetaxel injection. The pharmacokinetic data obtained for both preparations fitted a two-compartment model.

Objective Explore changes in polysaccharides in Jiangxiangru before and after ginger juice preparation,and evaluate polysaccharide anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities before and after processing.Methods The contents of Jiangxiangru polysaccharide(JXRPs)and Ginger juice processed of Jiangxiangru polysaccharide(JZJXRPs)before and after processing were determined by phenol-sulfuric acid method.We used the swelling model in rats and endotoxin(LPS)to establish the RAW264.7 mouse macrophage inflammation model.The optimal administration concentration was determined using a cell proliferation(MTT)assay.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)were used to measure Interleukin-6(IL-6),Interleukin-12(IL-12),Nitric oxide(NO),Interleukin-4(IL-4),and Interleukin-10(IL-10).Bleeding time of mice by tail cutting was observed to evaluate the hemostatic effect.The ability to remove 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl radical(DPPH)and 2,2'-Azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate)(ABTS)was used to evaluate in vitro antioxidant activity.Results The contents of JXRPs and JZJXRPs were 13％and 22％,respectively.In swollen rats at 4 h after injection,compared with the model group,200 mg/kg JXRPs and 100 mg/kg JZJXRPs significantly reduced rat swelling(P＜0.05).In vitro anti-inflammation assessment showed that the polysaccharides before and after processing significantly inhibited secretion of IL-6,IL-12,and NO(P＜0.01)and promoted secretion of IL-4 and IL-10(P＜0.01),and also that processing post-effects were stronger.The hemostatic experiment show that,compared with the control group,JXRPs increased hemostasis,but without a significant difference,and no significant difference was found using JZJXRPs,although high doses showed a trend to increase hemostasis.In vitro antioxidant activity showed that JXRPs and JZJXRPs had different scavenging abilities for DPPH and ABTS with IC50 values of JXRPs of 0.2215 and 0.2110 mg/ml,respectively,and IC50 values of JZJXRPs of 0.1651 and 0.1884 mg/mL,respectively.Conclusions After Jiangxiangru is produced in ginger juice,it promotes dissolution of polysaccharides and increases polysaccharide content.Anti-inflammatory,hemostasis,and antioxidant capacities are stronger in JZJXRPS than JXRPS,which lays the foundation for follow-up research and clinical applications of JXRPS.