Objective To study the validity of continuous positive airway pressure(CPAP)curing overlap syndrome.Methods Comparisons were made in the respiratory disturbance index(RDI)the longest apnea time the longest hypopnea time etc between before and after-treatment.Results The respiratory disturbance index(RDI)、the longest apnea time、the longest hypopnea time were signifi- candy different(P＜0.05).Conclusion Continuous positive airway pressure is an effective method to treat overlap syndrome.

Aim To investigate the mechanism of the melanoma B16 F10 cells proliferation induced by Lico-chalcone A in vitro. Methods The proliferation of B16 F10 cells induced by Licochalcone A was deter-mined by SRB method. The morphological changes were observed using Giemsa staining under the phase contrast microscope equipped with a digital camera. The melanin level was assessed by colorimetric meth-od. The apoptotic rate was determined by Annexin V-FITC/PI assay. Cell cycle distribution was determined by flow cytometry. The mRNA expression levels of B cell lymphoma/lewkmia-2 ( Bcl-2 ) , Bcl-2 associated X protein ( Bax) , the cell cycle protein CyclinE2 and cyclin-dependent kinase-2 ( CDK2 ) CDK2 were detec-ted using Q-PCR analysis. Results The proliferation of B16 F10 cells treated with Licochalcone A was effec-tively inhibited in a concentration and time-dependent manner. A clear morphological change was observed with the increasing concentration of Licochalcone A in B16F10 cells, the dendrite-like projections changed to the narrowing ball shape, which was associated with the increasing melanin level. The low concentration of Licochalcone A could induce B16F10 differentiation, and the high concentration of Licochalcone A could in-duce B16F10 apoptosis, which was accompanied with the increasing G1 phase in cell cycle. The mRNA ex-pression levels of Bcl-2 /Bax, CyclinE2 and CDK2 were markedly reduced. Conclusion Licochalcone A can effectively inhibit the proliferation of B16 F10 cells, induced cell cycle arrest at G1 phase, and fur-ther induced differentiation and apoptosis.

Objective To discuss the effect of hemodilution on brain tissue oxygen pressure and prognosis in patients with severe craniocerebral trauma. Methods A total of 42 cases of severe craniocerebral trauma were randomized divided into two groups, ie, control group and treatment group, to observe the changes of brain tissue oxygen pressure ( PbtO2 ) , hematocrit (HCT) and 6-month Glasgow outcome scale (COS) after injury. Then, PbtO2, HCT and GOS were compared between two groups. Restilts ( 1 ) There was a positive correlation between PbtO2 and HCT when HCT was lower than 0.25( r =0. 732 ,P ＜0. 001 ) in the treatment group; while a negative correlation was found between PbtO2 and HCT when HCT was higher than 0.25(r = - 0. 698 ,P＜0. 001 ). (2) Compared with control group, the index of brain tissue oxygen in treatment group was obviously higher ( t = 2.27, P = 0. 029 ) , with better prognosis (X2= 5.09, P ＜ 0.05 ). Conclusion Hemodilution can significantly increase brain tissue oxygen supply and improve the prognosis of cases of severe craniocerebral trauma.

Aim To evaluate the mechanism of apopto-sis induced by the isoliquiritigenin in A375 human ma-lignant melanoma cells. Methods Sulforhodamine B ( SRB) method was used to determine the A375 cell viability;acridine orange/ethidium bromide ( AO/EB) and Hoechst 33258 staining were used to observe the morphological changes of apoptotic cells; flow cytome-try was used to detect A375 cell apoptotic rate;DCFH-DA was applied to determine the changes of total intra-cellular ROS in A375 cells;JC-1 method was used to measure the changes of mitochondrial membrane poten-tial;the kits methods were used to determine the con-tent of ATP, lactic acid and glucose in A375 cell which was treated with different concentrations of isoliquiritigenin. Results Isoliquiritigenin could in-hibit A375 cell proliferation in a concentration-depend-ent manner; A375 cells showed obvious apoptosis charateristics after treatment by isoliquiritigenin, and the apoptosis rate increased with increasing concentra-tion of isoliquiritigenin. The level of total intracellular ROS in A375 cells increased obviously after dealing with different concentrations of isoliquiritigenin;in ad-dition, the mitochondrial membrane potential, the lev-els of intracellular ATP,lactic acid and the level of glu-cose uptake all declined. Conclusions These find-ings demonstrate that isoliquiritigenin can induce apop-tosis of A375 cells. The mechanism may be related to elevation of ROS level and reduction of aerobic glycoly-sis level.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of ultrasonography guided percutaneous core needle biopsy in pancreatic lesions. Methods Thirty-four patients with 36 pancreatic lesions in Shanghai First People′s Hospital Afifliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University from February 2012 to November 2013 underwent conventional ultrasound-guided percutaneous core needle biopsy using automatic gun and 18-gauge biopsy needles. The site, size, internal and surrounding vascularity, the sampling number of the lesions, and whether the specimens′ quality was satisfied were recorded. Then specimens were sent for pathological examination, and all above observations were compared with the ifnal diagnosis. Results The number of lesions with 2, 3 and 4 samplings was 32, 2 and 2, respectively. The average number of sampling was 2.2 (mean, 2.17;standard deviation, 0.51) and the acquisition rate of satisifed specimens was 89%(32/36). The pathological results of biopsy were malignant in 31 of 36 lesions including 27 cases of ductal adenocarcinoma, 2 cases of lymphoma, 1 case of small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and 1 case of uterine leiomyosarcoma metastasis. The other 5 lesions were non-malignant including 3 cases of benign lesion, 1 cases of atypical hyperplasia and 1 cases of granulation tissue. The 36 lesions were ifnally diagnosed as 34 cases of pancreatic malignancy, 2 cases of non-malignant neoplasm. The sensitivity, speciifcity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of ultrasonography guided percutaneous core needle biopsy in pancreatic lesions were 91%(31/34), 100%(2/2), 92%(33/36), 100%(31/31) and 40%(2/5), respectively. Youden index was 0.91. Two patients had mild upper abdominal pain and 1 patient had transient elevated serum amylase. No pancreatitis, pancreatic fistula, peritonitis, bleeding or dispersion of malignant cells along the penetrating channel or other serious complications occurred. Conclusion Ultrasonography guided percutaneous core needle biopsy is a simple, rapid, safe and effective diagnostic method in pancreatic lesions with high clinical value.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between cervical lymph node metastasis,extra thyroidal extension and other clinicopathologic features and BRAF V600E gene mutation abundance in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Methods:The clinicopathologic data of 123 PTC patients admitted from Jan 2018 to Oct 2020 in Peking University People's Hospital were analyzed retrospectively. All the PTC cases were examined by next generation sequencing technology. BRAF V600E gene mutation abundances were detected and analyzed with different clinicopathologic features, and differences between groups were compared. Results:There were statistical differences compared to control group in BRAF V600E gene mutation abundances in lymph node metastasized group and extra thyroidal extended group(all P<0.05). BRAF V600E gene mutation abundances were positively related with severity of extra thyroidal extension( P<0.05). Conclusion:BRAF V600E gene mutation abundance was related with cervical lymph node metastasis and extra thyroidal extension in PTC patients.

Digestival functional surgery refers to surgical treatment for patients with functional diseases of the digestive tract. With the continuous development of minimally invasive surgery, most of surgical procedures for digestive functional diseases have been conducted by minimal invasive approach. Based on decades of clinical practice, the authors focus on minimally invasive surgeries for a group of digestive functional diseases such as achalasia of cardia, gastroesophageal reflux disease, volvulus of stomach, gastroptosis, dolichocolon, refractory constipation, rectocele and rectal prolapse, and make ageneral summary on current status and prospects of its clinical application combined with literatures.

Objective:To establish a mouse model of gastric cancer by inoculating MKN45 cells into mice with normal immune function utilizing microcarrier technology. Methods:A total of 60 male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups, namely, 2D, con-trol, and 3D groups, according to the coculture system of MKN45 and microcarrier. The mouse models of gastric carcinoma were estab-lished by hypodermic injection. The time of tumorigenesis, rate of tumor formation, and pathological features were observed in each group. Results:In the 3D group, the time of tumor formation was short, whereas the rate of tumor formation was high (80%). No de-tectable tumor formations were observed in the 2D and control groups. HE and immunohistochemical staining of the transplantation tumor model showed evident characteristics of human gastric cancer. Conclusion:A human gastric cancer model in normal immune mice was successfully established. The onset and development mechanism of gastric cancer could be more effectively investigated in mice with normal immune function through this model. Moreover, a more valuable and new animal model for the research and devel-opment of anticancer drug was established.

Objective To explore the treatment of locally advanced pancreatic cancer(LAPC)by Nanoknife,and the demonstrations on contrast enhanced ultrasonography(CEUS)after the procedures. Methods Four patients were enrolled.Each of them was percutaneously inserted 3-5 Nanoknife electrodes to ablate the lesions with 2-3 sessions under the guidance of ultrasound.After the procedures,CEUS, contrast enhanced CT,contrast enhanced MRI or computed tomography angiography (CTA) were performed to assess the efficacy.Results All patients uneventfully were able to tolerate the high-voltage Nanoknife procedures.However,the endurable pain or discomfort in abdomen was complained.For one patient with obstructive jaundice and mild liver dysfunction,pancreatic amylase in serum increased slightly at the first day after treatment.Furthermore,C response protein in serum elevated,and biliary tract infection happened at the third day.Moreover,thromboses in portal and splenic vein were found at the seventh day.The survival time for all cases were 3-8 months.According to the findings of CEUS,a well-defined no contrast enhancement was detected at ablative zone for all the patients within one week.Yet, contrast enhancement was sporadically detected at the periphery in 3 patients 1-2 months late.Meanwhile, on contrast enhanced CT or MRI,an area of absent enhancement was also depicted at the ablation zone with heterogeneously decreased enhancement at periphery of the lesion.Base on CTA findings,local stenosis of splenic vein and superior mesenteric vein with varices of collateral vascularity were found in one patient at the fiftieth day,and superior mesenteric vein obstruction accompanied by varices of collateral vascularity was also found in another patient at the seventieth day.Conclusions For patients with LAPC,Nanoknife treatment is a safe and convenient procedure that can be percutaneously completed under the guidance of ultrasound.Along with enhanced CT,MRI or CTA,CEUS is a promising way to evaluate the efficacy of this procedure.

Objective:To explore the cancer incidence and mortality in registration areas of Shanxi Province in 2014.Methods:The data of 12 cancer registration areas of Shanxi Province in 2014 were taken to analyze the characteristics of cancer incidence and mortality for patients with different age and gender in different areas. And then the results were compared with the malignant cancer incidence and mortality in the nationwide.Results:There were 11 703 new cases, including 6 559 males and 5 144 females in registration areas of Shanxi Province in 2014, and the incidence rate was 221.21/10 5, while the age-standardized incidence rate of Chinese population and world population was 163.91/10 5 and 163.25/10 5, respectively. The cancer incidence rate in urban areas was 247.02/10 5 and the age-standardized incidence rate of Chinese population was 171.35/10 5. In rural areas, the cancer incidence rate was 205.98/10 5 and the age-standardized incidence rate of Chinese population was 159.03/10 5. The common cancer sites were stomach, lung, esophagus, liver and colorectum for males. And breast, cervix, lung, esophagus, stomach were the common cancer sites for females. There were 7 283 malignant death cases, including 4 548 males and 2 735 females. The crude cancer mortality rate was 137.66/10 5, and the age-standardized mortality rate of Chinese population was 99.67/10 5 and world population was 100.11/10 5. The crude cancer mortality rate in urban areas was 141.03/10 5 and the age-standardized incidence rate of Chinese population was 92.84/10 5. In rural areas, the crude cancer mortality rate was 135.68/10 5 and the age-standardized mortality rate of Chinese population was 103.69/10 5. Male common malignant tumor deaths included lung cancer, gastric cancer, liver cancer, esophageal cancer and colorectal cancer, while lung, stomach, liver, esophagus and cervix were the common cancer death sites for females. Conclusions:The incidence and mortality of malignant tumors in registration areas in Shanxi Province are mainly lung cancer, upper gastrointestinal cancer and cervix uteri cancer. The incidence rates of stomach cancer and cervical cancer are high.