Objective:To test the effects and differences of gratitude,indebtedness and happiness on people's helping behaviors. Methods:Totally 190 college students from 3 classes in Henan Province were selected. Three sit-uational experiments of gratitude,indebtedness and happiness were used to inspire participants'mood according-ly. Each class randomized to receive a situational experiment,the altruism subscales of Philosophies of Human Na-ture(PHN),the assessment tool of helping others and helping others voluntarily were used to measure the college students'altruistic idea,helping others and helping behavior voluntarily,and the methods of descriptive statistics,co-variance analysis and regression analysis was adopted. Results:In helping others and helping others voluntarily,ac-cording to the results of covariance analysis,the effect of covariate altruistic ideas was significant [F(1,186)=9. 24,10. 52;Ps<0. 01],and the main effect of emotional state was also significant[F(2,186)=3. 50,3. 45;Ps<0. 05 ]. The scores of helping others and helping others voluntarily were higher in the gratitude group than in the happiness group[(4. 21 ±0. 10)vs. (3. 86 ±0. 09),(4. 22 ±0. 09)vs. (3. 90 ±0. 08)]. Regression analysis showed that gratitude could positively predict helping others and helping others voluntarily(β=0. 33,0. 20),and happiness could positively predict helping others voluntarily(β=0. 16). Conclusion:Excluding the effect of altruism idea to helping others and helping others voluntarily,the effects of emotional state to helping others and helping others vol-untarily are all significant. It suggests that participants under the state of gratitude could show more helping others and helping others voluntarily than participants under happiness,that is to say,comparing with happiness,gratitude may be more conducive to the cultivation of helping behavior.

Objective To explore the effects of borderline personality disorder (BPD) tendency and impulsivity on suicide ideation in counseling patients.Methods A total of 120 counseling patients were evaluated by the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire (PDQ-4+),Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11).All participants were also interviewed with self-made structured clinical questionnaire for suicide ideation.Re sults ①Patients with suicide ideation had significantly higher score of BPD tendency ((6.02 ± 2.15) vs (3.91±2.31),t=5.164,P＜0.01),impulsivity ((72.05±8.58) vs (68.63±9.01),t=2.129,P=0.035) than patients without suicide ideation.There was still significant difference of BPD tendency between the two groups after controlling for gender(F=23.135,P＞0.01) but there was no significant difference of impulsivity (F=3.536,P＞0.05).②Logistic hierarchical regression analysis revealed that only BPD tendency (B=0.319;P=0.009;OR=1.375)had a significant role in the prediction of suicide ideation after controlling for gender and depressive diagnoses.Conclusion Compared with impulsivity,BPD tendency can better predict suicide ideation of counseling patients.

AIM To explore whether plasma vasoactive substances and neutrophil infiltration make different contribution in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and protective effect of triacetylshikimic acid(TSA). METHODSThe rat models of ischemia 90 min and reperfusion 3-48 h were prepared with middle cerebral artery occlusion. TSA 50-200 mg·kg-1 were given (ig) immediately and 60 min again after the onset of ische- mia. Serotonin and thromboxane B2 (TXB2) concentrations in plasma were detected by fluorescence spectrophotometry and radioimmunoassay respectively. Myeloperoxidase(MPO) activity in brain tissue was quantified by chemical analysis. RESULTS At 3-24 h after reperfusion, the concentrations of plasmic serotonin, TXB2, and brain MPO activity increased obviously in a time-dependent manner. At 48 h after reperfusion, the concentrations of serotonin and TXB2 decreased to the same level of sham. Nevertheless, brain MPO activity remained more elevated than the contralateral cortex. At 24 h after reperfusion, TSA (100 and 200 mg·kg-1) was shown to possess the ability to inhibit the increased plasmic serotonin, TXB2 concentrations, and brain MPO activity induced by focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. CONCLUSION Vasoactive substances in plasma and MPO activity in brain tissue show different time courses during focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion and make different contribution to brain damage. TSA is effective to protect the ischemic brain tissue from ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Objective Cancer, a disease induced by abnormally regulated cell growth and apoptosis, is imposing a global threat to human health.This study was to explore the effects of Chinese herbal extracts ( CHE) in inducing the apoptosis and inhibiting the proliferation of human lung cancer cells. Methods Human lung cancer A549 cells were divided into a negative control, a high-dose CHE (680 ng/mL), a medium-dose CHE (340 ng/mL), and a low-dose CHE (170 ng/mL) group.The inhibitory effect of CHE on the proliferation of the lung cancer cells was detected by CCK8 and LDH assays, the apoptosis of the cells was assessed by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry, and the expressions of hTERT mRNA, cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved PARP were deter-mined by RT-PCR and Western blot. Results CHE inhibited the proliferation of the A549 cells with an IC50 value of 510 ng/mL. Treatment with high-dose CHE for 48 hours significantly suppressed the proliferation of the cells, induced the release of LDH, and promo-ted the apoptosis of the cells by 72.3%.RT-PCR and Western blot showed that 24-hour treatment with medium-dose CHE reduced the expression of hTERT mRNA by 4 times that of the negative control and up-regulated the expressions of cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved
PARP. Conclusion Chinese herbal extracts can induce cell apoptosis by decreasing the expression of hTERT mRNA and increasing those of the cleaved caspase 3 and cleaved PARP proteins.

Objective To improve the set up accuracy for patients by MED TEC thermoplastic sheet. Methods First, a reference positioning line was scored on the supporting board of MEC TEC. Then, lines on the patient body were marked according to the reference positioning line. After fastening MED TEC thermoplastic sheet, CT top view imagines of patients who were immobilized with MED TEC thermoplastics sheet on the CT scanner were then drawn. The results by PC graphics software were analysed. Results A total of 57 cases was studied. Deviation in 52 (91.2%) cases was less than 3?mm. The cause of the with deviation exceeding 5?mm were all found.Conclusion Using the right method is very important. Thus, results with satisfactory deviations could be obtained when the set up are repeated.

Objective To understand pathological TDP-43 features in the central nervous systems of patients with clinically and autopsy confirmed motor neuron disease (MND).Methods The clinical and histopathological features of 4 cases with MND confirmed by autopsy were summarized; anti-ubiquitin (Ub) and anti-TDP-43 immunohistochemical staining were carried out on tissue of brains and spinal cords from 4 cases with MND and 3 control cases without history of neurological disorders.Results These 4 cases presented with typical clinical and histologic features of MND.Ub-positive inclusions were observed in brain and spinal cord from 3 cases with the Ub-positive inclusions of skein-round-and lewy body-like structures.Strong TDP-43 pathological staining in brain and spinal cord was identified in 2 cases with MND presented as neuronal and glial cytoplasmic inclusions with various shapes.The TDP-43 positive inclusions were widely distributed in the motor cortex of brain and the anterior horn of spinal cord.TDP-43 weak staining in the spinal cord tissue was observed in 1 case with MND.No Ub-and TDP-43 positive inclusions were found in 3 control cases.Conclusion There is widespread pathological TDP-43 expression in the central nervous system of MND.TDP-43 positive inclusions in MND have relatively high specificity.It is worth further study on their formation mechanism.

Objective:To observe the hemoclynamic changes caused by adrenaline contained in local anesthetic. Methods:Ninety adult patients undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) under general anesthesia were randomly allocated into three groups. Group A(n=30) received 2% lidocine 2 ml with adrenaline (1:200000) , group B(n = 30) received saline 2 ml with adrenaline (1:200000) , and group C(n = 30 , control group) received saline 2 ml without adrenaline for local infiltration. Electrocardiogram (ECG) and heart rate (HR) were monitored; systolic blood pressure (SBP) , diastolic blood pressure (DBP) , and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) were directly measured in radial artery continuously after local infiltration. SBP, DBP, MAP and HR were recorded at 8 time points:before infiltration (baseline) ,0.5, 1,1. 5, 2, 3, 4 and 5 minutes after infiltration. Results:Significant hemody-namic changes, particularly hypotension (P 0 .05). The significant he-modynamic changes lasted no longer than 5 minutes. Conclusion:Lidocaine (2%) or saline with adrenaline (1:200 000) does cause temporary hypotension and other hemodynamic changes during general anesthesia, which last no longer than 5 minutes. The causative mechanism is the effect of adrenaline.

Objective To investigate the effect of chrysalis oil on blood glucose and oxidative stress in diabetic rats induced by Streptozotocin (STZ).Method Sixty male SD rats were divided into 6 groups according to blood glucose:normal group,diabetic control group,high,medium,low dose (7.5,6.0,4.5ml/kg bw.) chrysalis oil groups and positive control group.Food and fluid intake were monitored every day.blood glucose and body weight were measured at each weekend,and at the end of experiment,glycosylated serum protein (GSP) was tested,and the effect of chrysalis oil on the content of malondialdehyde (MDA),reduced glutathione (GSH),total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in liver and pancreas were observed.Results (1) Diabetic symptoms were ameliorated and blood glucose and GSP were all lowered in therapeutic groups compared with diabetic control group,whereas,high dose chrysalis oil group had the same effect as positive control group.(2) In diabetic groups treated with chrysalis oil,the activity of GSH and T-AOC were significantly increased and the content of MDA decreased compared with diabetic control group.Conclusion Chrysalis oil could decrease blood glucose in a dose-and-effect relationship and improve antioxidant capacity.

Objective To improve differential diagnosis of tumefactive demyelinating lesions (TDL) and primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) by analyzing the clinicopathological features of the diseases.Methods The clinical features,neuroimaging findings and pathological characteristics of 4 patients with pathologically proven TDL and 9 patients with pathologically proven PCNSL were retrospectively analyzed.Computer tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were used for neuroimaging studies.The hematoxylin and eosin staining,Luxol Fast Blue staining and immunohistochemistry were used for pathological studies.Results (1) The features of lesions on brain imaging scan:CT in TDL patients showed low density.Enhanced MRI demonstrations were different in different courses:3 cases with ring enhancement,1 case with spotty strengthen;5 PCNSL cases showed hyperdensity in CT,1 case showed isodensity,and 3 cases low-density.MRI showed enhancement of uniform enhancement in PCNSL patients.(2) The features of lesions on pathology:the plaques of lesions in TDL patients were characterized by massive demyelination with relatively axonal preservation associated with prominent astrocytosis and profound infiltrates composed.Typical pathological features in PCNSL cases were that tumor cells around blood vessels showed the cuff-like arrangement.Due to use of hormones and other causes,pathological demonstrations of a part of PCNSL cases were atypical,which were easily confused with TDL.There were 4 cases with more than one biopsy for diagnosis.Conclusions (1) PCNSL with low or equal density in CT needs to be differentiated with TDL.(2) The pathological features of some cases of PCNSL after hormone therapy were similar to TDL.It is better not to use hormone before definite diagnosis.(3) The pathology of PCNSL may be related to the progression of the disease.Some of patients need to be re-biopsied.It is important to combine clinical imaging and pathology for diagnosis of the disease,and attention should be paid to followup.

Objective To establish classification and regression tree (CART) for differentiating benign from malignant solitary pulmonary nudules (SPN).Methods One hundred and sixteen consecutive cases with 116 solitary pulmonary nodules,which finally were pathologically proven 54 malignant nodules and 62 benign nodules,were prospectively registered in this research.Twelve clinical presentations and 22 CT findings were collected as predictors.A classification tree was established to distinguish benign SPNs from malignant ones.In the observer test,two groups (one made of junior radiologists and one of senior radiologists) were independently presented with clinical information and CT images without knowing the pathologic and machine-learning results.Performance of observers and CART were compared by receiver operating characteristic analysis.Results Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed areas under the curve of CART,senior radiologists and junior radiologists respectively were 0.910±0.029,0.827±0.038,0.612±0.052. Difference between areas (DBF) between CART and junior radiologists was 0.297 (P＜0.01).DBF between CART and senior radiologists was 0.083(P＜0.05).DBF between senior and junior radiologists was 0.214(P＜0.01).CART showed a best diagnostic efficiency,followed by junior radiologists,and then senior radiologists.Conclusion Our data mining techniques using CART prove a high accuracy in differentiating benign from malignant pulmonary nodules based on clinical variables and CT findings.It will be a potentially useful tool in further application of artificial intelligence in the imaging diagnosis.